The Yangtze River Delta starts from the Tongyang Canal in the north, reaches Hangzhou Bay in the south, reaches Zhenjiang in the west, and reaches the seaside in the east, including Shanghai City, southern Jiangsu Province, northern Zhejiang Province and adjacent sea areas. With an area of ??approximately 99,600 square kilometers and a population of approximately 75 million, it is a vast plain. The coastline here is straight, the water is yellow and muddy, and there is an intertidal shoal about several kilometers to tens of kilometers wide. This urban agglomeration brings together strong strengths in industry, finance, trade, education, science and technology, and culture. It is instrumental in driving the economic development of the Yangtze River Basin, connecting domestic and foreign markets, attracting overseas investment, promoting industry and technology transfer, and participating in international competition and regional restructuring. plays an important role.

The Yangtze River Delta is the largest estuary delta in my country. It generally refers to the alluvial plain formed by the sediment of the Yangtze River east of Zhenjiang and Yangzhou. It is located in the southeast of Jiangsu Province, Shanghai City and the Hangjiahu region of Zhejiang Province. The apex of the Yangtze River Delta is near Zhenzhou Town, Yizheng City, with Yangzhou, Jiangdu, Taizhou, Jiangyan, Hai'an, and Zongcha as its northern boundary, and the Zhenjiang and Ningzhen Mountains, the eastern foot of Maoshan Mountain, the northern foot of Tianmu Mountain to the north shore of Hangzhou Bay. It is bounded to the west and south, and ends with the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in the east.

The delta base is part of the Yangtze quasi-platform, and subsidence was interrupted by the Himalayan tectonic movement. During the Quaternary neotectonic movement, the crust and sea level rose and fell frequently. After the last major transgression, the sediment carried by the Yangtze River continued to be deposited, and deltas began to develop at the river mouth.

Due to the Coriolis force, the main river flow continues to deflect to the right, causing the sand groups at the river mouth to merge into the north bank in turn. The sand bars and sandbar groups formed during the Hongqiao Period, Huangqiao Period, Jinsha Period, Haimen Period, and Beisha Period formed today's Hanjiang, Taixing, Jingjiang, Rugao, Nantong, Haimen, and Qidong counties on the north bank of the Yangtze River. Chongming, Changxing, Hengsha and other sand islands near the river mouth will also be merged into the north coast according to this rule. Jiangkou Sha Tsui is also extended simultaneously.

Sha Tsui on the north coast extends to the northern boundary of today's delta, with a ground elevation of 6 to 8 meters.

Shatsui on the south bank extends eastward through Jiangyin, Taicang, Waigang and Maqiao. The ground elevation is about 4.5 to 6 meters. It connects with the north bank of Qiantang River and then reaches Hangzhou Bay. The shallow bay inside Sha Tsui was silted up and became the predecessor of ancient Taihu Lake. Since then, the shallow-water bay has continued to become shallower and gradually evolved into a low plain with lakes and interlaced rivers. The coastal area outside Sha Tsui on the south coast continues to accumulate and form a coastal plain.

The delta is dotted with a series of residual hills with an altitude of 100 to 300 meters. Most of them are composed of Devonian sandstone and Carboniferous and Permian limestone. A few are composed of Yanshanian granite and trachyte.

In the early days of the formation of the delta, humans engaged in fishing, hunting and farming here.

After two major migrations from the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the 6th century AD, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Southern Song Dynasty from the 12th to 13th century AD, as well as the construction of river networks since the 10th century, the delta has gradually developed into my country's famous "Land of Fish and Rice" and "Land of Silk". Township".

Modern industry emerged early, inland shipping was developed, the Shanghai-Nanjing and Shanghai-Hangzhou railways were built one after another, Shanghai and Kunshan, Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Danyang, Nantong, Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province and Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province Jiaxing and other places have developed into industrial cities.

In order to promote and strengthen the economic alliance and collaboration in the Yangtze River Delta region and promote the sustainable economic development of the Yangtze River Delta region, in 1992, Shanghai, Wuxi, Ningbo, Zhoushan, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Nanjing, and Nantong The 14 municipal economic cooperation committees (offices) of Changzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing and Zhenjiang initiated and organized the establishment of a joint meeting of directors of the 14-city cooperation offices (committees) of the Yangtze River Delta. By 1996, five meetings had been held.

In 1997, the municipal governments of the above 14 cities and 15 cities in the newly established Taizhou City voluntarily formed a new economic coordination organization-the Yangtze River Delta Urban Economic Coordination Association through equal consultations. The Coordination Committee has a standing chairman and an executive chairman. The executive chairmanship is held by Shanghai City, and the executive chairmanship is held by other member cities except Shanghai City in turn. The Coordination Committee holds formal meetings every two years. The Coordination Committee will set up a liaison office under the executive chairman as a permanent office responsible for daily work. The coordination office (committee) of each member city serves as the specific liaison and service department of the coordination committee.

Part of the plains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It is located to the east of Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, to the north of Hangzhou Bay, and to the south of Tongyang Canal. The area is approximately 50,000 square kilometers. The terrain here is low and flat, with an altitude of less than 10 meters.

But there are also scattered isolated mountains and remnants of hills, such as Huishan in Wuxi, Tianping Mountain in Suzhou, Yushan Mountain in Changshu, Sheshan Mountain and Tianma Mountain in Songjiang, etc. They either stand on the plains or in Taihu Lake. Some have become tourist areas, and some have become Huaguoshan. The apex of the Yangtze River Delta is near Zhenjiang. About six or seven thousand years ago, it was a triangular harbor. The mouth of the Yangtze River is like a trumpet that opens to the east. The water surface is vast and the tide action is significant. Under the support of sea water, most of the 470 million tons of sediment brought by the Yangtze River every year are deposited, forming a sand embankment on each of the south and north banks. The sand embankment on the north bank extends roughly eastward from near Yangzhou to near Rudong. The north of the sand embankment is mainly the Lixiahe plain formed by the alluvial deposits of the Yellow River and Huaihe River. The sand embankment on the south bank extends southeastward from near Jiangyin to Jinshan County, Shanghai. Near Caojing and connected with the sand embankment on the north bank of the Qiantang River, the Taihu Plain is formed. Lixiahe Plain is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River, covering an area of ??approximately 14,000 square kilometers and is a saucer-shaped depression. There are many lakes in the center of the depression, including Sheyang Lake, Dazong Lake, etc. Due to its low-lying terrain, floods have been extremely severe historically. In order to change this situation, the state invested in the construction of water conservancy projects to block the Huaihe River in the west, block the sea tide in the east, dig canals, and enhance drainage and irrigation capabilities, turning this disaster-prone area with nine floods in ten years into an important grain production base in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin. The Taihu Plain is located south of the Yangtze River and is the main body of the Yangtze River Delta. With Taihu Lake as the center, the plain is shaped like a large plate, with a circumferential, high, and low terrain. Such topographic characteristics mean that there are floods from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake, and there are intrusions from the sea below. In summer and autumn, it is often hit by typhoons and rains, and floods are very frequent. In order to fight against natural disasters, local people vigorously dug rivers and canals to remove stagnant water, built dams and gates, and gradually formed a dense water network with interconnected ditches and canals. This is the area with the highest river network density in my country, with an average river network length of 4.8-6.7 kilometers per square kilometer. There are more than 200 lakes on the plain. The Yangtze River Delta is crisscrossed by rivers, dotted with lakes, has developed agriculture, is densely populated and has numerous cities. It occupies an important position in the national economy and is known as China's "Golden Triangle".

A delta formed by the alluvial deposits of the Yangtze River and Qiantang River in China where they enter the sea. Including southeastern Jiangsu Province and Shanghai City, and northeastern Zhejiang Province. It is part of the plains of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The area is about 50,000 square kilometers. The apex of the delta is on the line between Zhenjiang City and Yangzhou City, and reaches Xiaoyangkou in the north. It faces Hangzhou Bay in the south. The altitude is mostly below 10 meters, interspersed with low hills (such as Huishan, Tianping Mountain, Yushan, Langshan, etc.), with an altitude of 200 to 300 meters. The average annual sediment load of the Yangtze River is 400-900 million tons. In general, 28% of the sediment is deposited in the Yangtze River, and in some years, it is as high as 78%. The delta continues to extend to the sea. The ancient sand spits in Changzhou City, Changshu City, Taicang City, and Jinshan District to the south of the Yangtze River are mostly 4 to 6 meters above sea level; the ancient sand spits in Yangzhou City, Taizhou City, Taixing City, and Rugao City to the north of the Yangtze River are 7 to 8 meters above sea level. The ancient sand spits in the south and north of the Yangtze River gradually developed after the highest sea level stabilized during the late ice age. By about 2000 years ago, the sand spit on the north bank extended to Liaojiao Zui. The sand spit on the south bank extended southeast along with the main stream of the Yangtze River and connected with the sand spit at the mouth of the Qiantang River. The sand spit continued Accumulation, moving forward an average of 148 meters per year from 1958 to 1973. It has a north subtropical monsoon climate with abundant rainfall, crisscrossed waterways and lakes, making it known as a water town. The land is fertile and agriculture produces rice, cotton, wheat, rapeseed, peanuts, silk, fish and shrimp, etc. It is one of the most densely populated areas in China. There are many important towns along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Shanghai-Nanjing Line, such as Shanghai, Suzhou, Changzhou, Wuxi, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Taizhou, Nantong, Yancheng, Lianyungang, etc. Among them, Shanghai is China's largest industrial and commercial city and a world-famous foreign trade port. Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, etc. are scenic tourist destinations and emerging industrial cities.

The Yangtze River Delta is a concept with three meanings.

Geographical concept: Where the Yangtze River flows into the sea, a low, flat, roughly triangular piece of land is formed due to the continuous accumulation of sediment contained in the river water. The Yangtze River runs from west to east toward the sea for thousands of miles. The water of the river surges down, and the sediment it carries continues to accumulate at the mouth of the sea. After thousands of years of vicissitudes, it finally forms a broad and broad triangular land.

Industrial economic concept: the industrial economic belt in central and southern Jiangsu and northeastern Zhejiang, with Shanghai as the leader. This is the economic sector with the fastest economic development, the largest economic aggregate, and the most potential for development in my country.

Statistics from 2004 show that the Yangtze River Delta accounts for 1% of the country's land and 5.8% of the country's population, creating 18.7% of the country's GDP, 22% of the country's fiscal revenue and 18.4% of its foreign trade exports.

The Yangtze River Delta metropolitan area refers to the fan-shaped alluvial plain formed by the Yangtze River entering the sea. With Shanghai as the leader, it consists of Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, and Zhoushan in Zhejiang and Suzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou in Jiangsu. An urban belt composed of 18 cities including Zhenjiang, Nanjing, Yancheng and Lianyungang.

As a unique landscape on China’s economic map, the “Yangtze River Delta” is attracting more and more attention from around the world. In 2001, this place, which accounts for 2.2% of the country's land area and 10.4% of its population, created 22.1% of the country's GDP, 24.5% of its fiscal revenue and 28.5% of its total import and export volume.

The international capital and private capital that are rapidly accumulating in the Yangtze River Delta are not only growing in scale, but also powerfully promoting the rapid economic development of this region with its unique vitality. According to statistics, from January to September 2003, the GDP of Suzhou, Hangzhou, Wuxi, and Ningbo each exceeded 100 billion yuan, with an increase of more than 12% in the same period. The GDP of Shanghai exceeded 390 billion yuan. , a year-on-year increase of more than 10%. This high-speed economic growth, 3 to 5 percentage points higher than the national growth rate over the same period, has been maintained in the Yangtze River Delta region for many years.

In this land of less than 100,000 square kilometers, large-scale urban agglomerations full of vitality are constantly rising: the "super giant" Shanghai, with an annual GDP of more than 1 trillion yuan, ranks first in the country First; the "heavyweight giants" Suzhou, Hangzhou, Wuxi, Ningbo, and Nanjing, with an annual GDP of 200 to 500 billion yuan; the "little giants" Shaoxing, Nantong, Changzhou, Taizhou, and Jiaxing, with an annual GDP of 200 to 500 billion yuan; More than 100 billion yuan. The county economy that brings richness and layering to the "Yangtze River Delta" metropolitan area is extremely competitive. In the competitiveness ranking of the top 100 counties and cities in the country announced in November 2005, seven counties and cities (districts) in the "Yangtze River Delta" ranked among the top ten. The rise of the county economy has made it possible for cities in the "Yangtze River Delta" to become contiguous and urbanized.

This group of economic giants has directly attracted the attention of many world-class economic giants. At present, more than 400 of the world's top 500 companies have settled in this area. Among them, more than 200 have set up regional headquarters and China headquarters in Shanghai. 81 companies have invested in Suzhou alone, with 188 investment projects. According to incomplete statistics, the cumulative foreign investment contracted in this region has reached nearly 150 billion US dollars; the Yangtze River Delta has become a powerful magnetic field attracting international capital and technology.

In the "Yangtze River Delta" metropolitan area, enterprises, which are the main force in economic development, dominate. Nearly half of the top 100 counties in the country are concentrated here, and there are nearly 100 industrial parks with an annual industrial output value of more than 10 billion yuan, including Wanxiang Group, Jinshan Petrochemical, Yangzi Ethylene, Volkswagen, Shanghai Bell, Eastern Communications, etc. Thousands of giant companies including. Most of these enterprises are large in scale, strong in strength, their product market share ranks among the best in the country, and they occupy a place in the international market.

Shanghai is one of the international economic, financial, trade and shipping centers, driving the development of the "Yangtze River Delta" region and the entire Yangtze River Basin. The 2010 World Expo took place in Shanghai, which brought good opportunities to Shanghai in all aspects. Shanghai is striving to become a "world city". The strong radiation power of Shanghai and the rapid development of its surrounding "waterfront" cities have made all cities in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces aware of the importance of regional cooperation. Other cities are also striving to find their own urban positioning. In terms of funding, Opportunities for the rise of cities can be found in the flow of information, talents, and commodities.

Integrating with Shanghai, achieving win-win results, and promoting economic integration in the Yangtze River Delta has become the common sense of governments in the Yangtze River Delta region. Suzhou: close to the water, with layout along the four sides; Wuxi: integrated and seeking new development; Nanjing: echoing Shanghai and radiating to surrounding areas; Hangzhou: integrating with Shanghai and developing in a dislocated manner. Cities surrounding the "Yangtze River Delta" unanimously regard linkage with Shanghai as an important strategy. Taking the planning and construction of road and bridge transportation networks as an opportunity, the Yangtze River Delta is building a "3-hour economic circle."

The trend of great integration has begun.

The joint projects between Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai or 16 cities have involved transportation, tourism, exhibitions, talents, technology, information, trademarks, credit, quality inspection, environmental protection and other fields, and are currently exploring industrial planning, policies and regulations from a shallower to deeper level. , financial services and other high-level cooperation linkages. And "connecting with Shanghai" has also gone beyond the meaning of a simple investment platform.

The integration of the "Yangtze River Delta" is a microcosm of China's economic globalization after its accession to the WTO. The presence of a large number of foreign companies has greatly increased the degree of economic internationalization in the "Yangtze River Delta" region. The entire "Yangtze River Delta" is becoming the "world factory", and "Made in China" products are continuously going to the world from here.

Urban economic concept: It is an urban agglomeration composed of 16 cities in the adjacent areas of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. The cities in the Yangtze River Delta include: Shanghai; 8 cities in Jiangsu Province: Nanjing, Suzhou, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Taizhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, and Nantong; 7 cities in Zhejiang Province: Hangzhou, Ningbo, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Zhoushan, Shaoxing, Taizhou.

The Yangtze River Delta is the largest region open to the outside world in my country. The region has a strong industrial foundation, a developed commodity economy, and convenient water and land transportation. It is the largest foreign trade export base in the country.

The Yangtze River is one of my country’s economically open zones

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It was formerly known as the Yuejiang Plain. Referred to as the Pearl River Delta. Located on the eastern coast of Guangdong Province, China, it is a general name for the large delta formed by the Xijiang and Beijiang rivers and the small delta formed by the Dongjiang river. It is a delta complex with radial branches. It is in the shape of an inverted triangle, with the base being a line from Sanshui City in the west, Guangzhou City in the east to Shilong, and the apex at Yamen Bay. It covers an area of ??approximately 11,000 square kilometers. The alluvial layer is thin, generally 20 to 30 meters. The ground is undulating and surrounded by hills, mountains and islands, accounting for 30% of the area. The central part is a plain, distributed in the south of Guangzhou City, the north of Zhongshan City, the east of Jiangmen, and the west of Humen. The average annual sediment load of the Pearl River system reaches more than 80 million tons, and the delta near the river mouth is still extending to the South China Sea. In the estuary area, it can extend by an average of 10 to 120 meters per year, making it one of the key reclamation areas in China. The delta has a subtropical climate, which is warm and humid all year round. The annual average temperature is 21-23℃, the coldest month, January, has an average temperature of 13-15℃, and the hottest month, July, has an average temperature of over 28℃. From June to October, there are often typhoons, rainfall is concentrated, and the weather is the hottest. The average annual precipitation is more than 1500 mm. The rainy season coincides with the high temperature season, the soil is fertile, and the rivers are crisscrossed, which is beneficial to agriculture. Rice yield per unit area ranks among the best in China. There are more than 50 kinds of tropical and subtropical fruits, including lychees, citrus, bananas, pineapples, longans, star fruits, mangoes, grapefruits, lemons, etc. Three-dimensional agricultural structural forms such as mulberry-based fish ponds, fruit-based fish ponds, and sugarcane-based fish ponds have been developed and become a model of ecological agriculture in China. It has sugar, silk weaving, food, paper, machinery, chemical, building materials, shipbuilding and other industries, and is known as the Pearl of the South China Sea.

Pearl River Delta Region

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The concept of "Pearl River Delta" first originated in the early 1990s. In the late 1990s, the concept of the "Greater Pearl River Delta" emerged based on the "(Little) Pearl River Delta". In 2003, the concept of "Pan-Pearl River Delta" was proposed. At this point, the "Pearl River Delta" actually encompasses the concepts of "Little Pearl River Delta", "Greater Pearl River Delta", and "Pan-Pearl River Delta" that are both distinct from each other and closely related to each other.

The "Pearl River Delta Urban Agglomeration Coordinated Development Plan (2004-2020)" clearly states: The Pearl River Delta, the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, includes Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Jiangmen, Dongguan, Zhongshan, and Huizhou Urban area, Huidong County, Boluo County, Zhaoqing urban area, Gaoyao City and Sihui City have a total population of 42.3 million and a total land area of ??416.98 million square kilometers, including construction land (including urban construction land, organized town construction land and Village construction land) area is 6640 square kilometers.

Little Pearl River Delta Region

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The concept of "Pearl River Delta" was first formally proposed on October 8, 1994, when the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee The Third Plenary Session of the Seventh National Congress proposed the construction of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone. The "Pearl River Delta" originally consisted of seven cities: Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhuhai, Dongguan, Zhongshan, and Huizhou, and parts of the three cities of Huizhou, Qingyuan, and Zhaoqing. It is also commonly known as the Guangdong Pearl River Delta.

Later, the scope of the "Pearl River Delta" was adjusted and expanded to an area composed of nine cities along the Pearl River: Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Foshan, Zhuhai, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Huizhou, Jiangmen, and Zhaoqing. This is also commonly referred to as the "Pearl River Delta" or "Pearl River Delta" "Little Pearl River Delta". The "Little Pearl River Delta" covers an area of ??24,437 square kilometers, less than 14% of the land area of ??Guangdong Province, and has a population of 42.83 million, accounting for 61% of the population of Guangdong Province. In 2003, the total GDP of the "Little Pearl River Delta" reached 1.14509 billion yuan (138.35 billion US dollars), accounting for 10% of the national GDP.

Greater Pearl River Delta Region

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"Greater Pearl River Delta" has two different concepts, one refers to "Little Pearl River Delta" and Hong Kong and Macao, the other refers to Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Currently, the "Greater Pearl River Delta" commonly referred to refers to the area consisting of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau. The "Greater Pearl River Delta" covers an area of ??181,000 square kilometers, has a total registered population of 86.79 million, and a total GDP value of US$328.7 billion in 2003. In terms of economic scale, the "Greater Pearl River Delta" is equivalent to 1.2 times that of the Yangtze River Delta.

Pan-Pearl River Delta region

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The "Pan-Pearl River Delta" includes Fujian, Jiangxi, and Jiangxi, which are adjacent to the Pearl River Basin and have close economic and trade relations. The nine provinces and autonomous regions of Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangdong, as well as the two special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macao, are referred to as "9+2". The "Pan-Pearl River Delta" covers an area of ??2.006 million square kilometers, has a total registered population of 456.98 million, and a total GDP of 5.26057 billion yuan (US$635.6 billion). Among them, 9 provinces and autonomous regions account for 20.9% of the country's area, 34.8% of the country's population, and 33.3% of the country's total GDP.

The so-called "Bohai Rim" economic circle composed of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Liaoning seems to have never been recognized by Shandong and Liaoning. People in Shandong are more concerned about their own Jiao Peninsula, and people in Liaoning don’t buy the reputation of “Bohai Ring”.

The following are some examples cited. Do you think "Does the Bohai Rim exist?"

●China's three main economic belts, Guangdong (Pearl River Delta), Jiangsu and Zhejiang (Yangtze River Delta) ), Shandong (near the Bohai Bay Rim) in recent years...

●The Bohai Rim region is centered on the two municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, with Dalian, Qingdao, Yantai, Qinhuangdao and other coastal areas developing...

●The Bohai Rim is composed of three densely populated urban areas in central and southern Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin and Tang Dynasty, and the Shandong Peninsula. It has not yet formed a real economic circle...

Supplementary question: The Bohai Rim Economic Circle exists in name only.

“These three densely populated urban areas in the Bohai Rim region each form a sub-region, with their own economic characteristics, industrial layout, different urban systems, domestic contact hinterlands and external contact directions. Its own central city and outlet. However, the connections between the three urban agglomerations of Liaoning, Tianjin, and Shandong Peninsula are far from being integrated to the point of integration. They are not one economic zone but three secondary economic zones. "Yi Xing, a professor at the Department of Urban and Regional Planning at Peking University, believes that the Bohai Rim is composed of three urban-density areas in central and southern Liaoning, Beijing, Tianjin, and Shandong Peninsula, and has not yet formed a true economic circle.