How to formulate product standards\x0d\ The purpose of formulating product standards - (1) As the basis for organizing production - legal requirements. (2) Judgment criteria - the basis for determining whether a product is qualified. (3) Reflecting social needs, as the goal of enterprise quality management - the essence. The "social needs" here include the needs of all beneficiaries on the supplier side, but mainly the needs of customers. It is the prerequisite for meeting the needs of other beneficiaries, so we usually talk about "customer needs" or "market demand". Product standards can only be used as the basis for organizing production if they can accurately reflect market demand; otherwise, the more produced, the greater the backlog and the greater the waste. Only when product standards can correctly reflect market demand, it is meaningful to use them to determine whether the product is qualified. Otherwise, even qualified products are worthless because they cannot be accepted by the market, which is the same as producing waste products. Equivalent. Correctly reflecting market demand is the core issue of product standards—the soul of product standards. \x0d\ Product standards are one of the important contents that express product requirements. When some companies adopt the GBH 19001-2000 standard to establish and implement quality management systems, they often ignore applicable product standards, which affects the compliance and effectiveness of the quality management system. Some auditors also tend to ignore the product standards applicable to the enterprise, which affects the depth of the audit and the overall evaluation of the effectiveness of the quality management system. To this end, this article discusses the role of product standards in the quality management system and the determination of product standards, in order to attract attention. The role of product standards in the quality management system \x0d\ 1. Product standards are an important reflection of product requirements. The GB/T 19000-2000 family of standards clearly distinguishes quality management system requirements from product requirements. Quality management system requirements are general and apply to all industries or economic fields; product requirements are specific requirements and only apply to specific products. The GB/T 19001-2000 standard does not specify product requirements, but it is a useful supplement to product requirements. Any enterprise must consider product requirements when adopting the GB/T 19001-2000 standard; the company's product characteristics should be reflected in the established quality management system. \x0d\ Product requirements and related process requirements may be included in requirements such as technical specifications, product standards, process standards, contractual agreements, and regulations. Among them, product standards are an important manifestation of product requirements and an important part of the enterprise standard system. \x0d\ 2. Product standards have important legal status. The GB/T 19001-2000 standard particularly emphasizes that the organization's quality management system should meet applicable legal and regulatory requirements. Article 2 of the "Standardization Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates: "Standards should be formulated for the following technical requirements that need to be unified: (1) Variety, specifications, quality, grade or safety and health requirements of industrial products. \x0d \ (2) Design, production, inspection and packaging of industrial products. Methods of storage, transportation and use or production. Safety and health requirements during storage and transportation \x0d\ (3) Technical requirements for environmental protection. and inspection methods. (4) Design, construction methods and safety requirements of construction projects. \x0d\ (5) Technical terms, symbols, codes and drawing methods related to industrial production, engineering construction and environmental protection \x0d\ "Standardization Law." "Article 6 clearly states: "'If the products produced by an enterprise do not have national standards or industry standards, enterprise standards should be formulated as a basis for organizing production. The enterprise's product standards must be reported to the local government's standardization administrative department and relevant administrative departments for filing. If there are already national standards or industry standards, the state encourages enterprises to formulate enterprise standards that are stricter than national standards or industry standards and apply them within the enterprise. National standards and industry standards are divided into mandatory standards and recommended standards. For the standardized regulatory system, mandatory standards are part of national laws and regulations. Article 14 of the "Standardization Law" stipulates: "Mandatory standards must be implemented. Products that do not meet mandatory standards are prohibited from production, sale and import. Recommended standards, the state encourages enterprises to voluntarily adopt."

\x0d\ 3. Product standards are the basis for enterprises to organize production. The "7.l Product Realization Planning" clause of the GB/T 19001-2000 standard states that enterprises should determine 'product quality objectives and requirements.' These requirements may be included in the corresponding Among the product standards or product characteristics and related legal and regulatory requirements, product standards are one of its important contents. Only a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the content of product standards can provide the basis for the identification process, control and management process. \x0d\ (1) Product standards are the technical guarantee of product quality. Product standards are a comprehensive reflection of the organization's technical and economic capabilities. The competition of products in the market mainly manifests itself as a battle for quality, that is, a contest of technical and economic capabilities. , its quality technical indicators are mainly reflected in the safety, reliability, usability, life and appearance of the product. Product standards not only objectively reflect the basic requirements of the above technical indicators, but also carry out the requirements to achieve the above indicators. Tests, inspection methods, means, rules and other contents are uniformly stipulated. This not only reflects the technical achievements of product quality, but also clarifies the goals of enterprise management, provides technical basis for the assessment of product quality level, and contributes to the improvement of product quality. Product quality not only guarantees, but also promotes. \x0d\ (2) Product standards are the inherent needs for optimizing production order. Quality management and standardization are both products of modern production, and \x0d\ are the inevitable results of the development of productivity. Once it appears, it is organically combined with standardization. The quality management process is the process of standard formulation and implementation. Product standardization is an important part of standardization work. It is an important part of improving enterprise management, improving process level, ensuring product quality, maintaining advanced performance, and achieving economic success. An effective means of efficiency. An enterprise focuses on products, and all its production and technical activities serve the center of "products". Therefore, the degree of product standardization has a direct impact on the various production and technical work of the enterprise. Reasonable optimization and simplification of specifications will inevitably lead to complex varieties and confusing specifications. Therefore, the principles of bambooization and the method of reasonable grading are used to reasonably stipulate the product type, basic parameters, size and structure. Coordinating the relationship between similar products and supporting products to achieve a series of product varieties can not only keep the organization organized in an orderly manner, but also meet the needs of social production and customers \x0d\　 (3) Product standards. It is an important condition for improving efficiency. When product standards stipulate various indicators, they must not only consider the progress of production technology, but also fully consider the production status of the enterprise, the needs of customers and the comprehensive benefits of the country and the enterprise, so that the enterprise can guarantee the product quality. Quality, the lowest cost on the premise of meeting customer needs, so that the costs incurred by customers when using, managing and maintaining products are also the lowest \x0d\　 (4) Product standards are the core of enterprise standardization work and the purpose of enterprise standardization. , mainly to improve product quality; develop product varieties and enhance product market competitiveness. In order to achieve these goals, in addition to formulating product standards, it is also necessary to formulate a series of related basic standards, method standards, and safety, health and environmental protection standards. The formulation of these standards all revolves around product standards, and they are all measures and means taken for the smooth implementation of product standards. \x0d\　For example, the design, process, tooling, purchased parts, raw materials, testing and inspection standards formulated by enterprises around product standards, as well as various working methods, work procedures and production management standards are all for Required to ensure that the products produced meet product standards. \x0d\　 (5) Product standards are the guarantee to meet customer requirements. During the procurement process, product standards are the technical basis for procurement personnel to conduct procurement and control suppliers. In the sales process, product standards are the basis for signing contracts. When quality disputes occur, they should be handled according to product standards. In terms of carrying out international trade, the adoption of internationally advanced product standards can eliminate barriers to international trade. The perfect combination of product standards and quality management system requirements enables the organization to prove its ability to stably provide products that meet the requirements of customers and applicable laws and regulations, and can continuously enhance customer satisfaction.

\x0d\ Determination of product standards\x0d\ 1. Determine applicable product standards Before organizing product production, enterprises can determine the product standards applicable to their specific products in one of the following ways: Search existing national standards, industry standards and local Standards, select applicable texts as the basis for enterprise products; if there are no applicable national standards, industry standards and local standards, enterprises can formulate applicable complete product standards or individual product standards according to the situation as the basis for product production; although There are applicable national standards, industry standards and local standards, but if you want to produce products with stricter technical specifications and higher quality requirements than their technical specifications, companies can also formulate corporate standards that apply to themselves in a timely manner as a basis for organizing production. The state encourages enterprises to formulate enterprise standards that are stricter than national standards or industry standards. \x0d\　2. Formulate product standards applicable to the enterprise. The formulation of enterprise product standards can be carried out according to the following steps: During the product development, testing and design and trial production stages, a product standard plan (draft) should be drawn up and trial production should be carried out according to this plan. When formulating a product standard plan (draft), you can search for similar product standards, collect relevant information, and try to refer to international or foreign advanced relevant standards. After a new product is trial-produced in small batches, the product standard (draft) is one of the important basis for the finalization and identification of the new product. After the product passes the appraisal, the product standard should be further revised and improved and reported to the local standardization administrative department or relevant administrative department for filing. After mass production is put into production, product standards will be the basis for the enterprise to organize production. Enterprise product standards should be reviewed regularly, and the review cycle generally does not exceed three years. After product standard review, the enterprise should promptly report the review results to the filing department. If there are any revisions during the review, they should be filed again. \x0d\　The general technical condition standards for a certain type of product formulated by the country or industry are general regulations on the homogeneous requirements for a certain type of product, and are the requirements that various specific products in the same type of products must meet. However, general technical conditions standards may not necessarily meet the specific requirements of different occasions. Enterprises need to formulate some supplementary technical requirements or specific product standards based on general technical conditions standards and specific situations. \x0d\　Product technical requirements, inspection and test methods, inspection rules, etc. are the core content of product standards. \x0d\　(1) Technical requirements of product standards\x0d\　① Fully reflect the use requirements and basic characteristics of the product, while taking into account health. Safety, physiological and environmental protection factors. \x0d\　②Specify standard performance based on actual needs in terms of environmental adaptability, usability performance, physical and chemical properties, stability, health, safety and environmental protection, energy consumption indicators, appearance and sensory requirements, material requirements, process requirements and other requirements. Require. \x0d\ ③ Express it as quantitatively as possible, and generally specify its nominal value (or rated value) \x0d\ (2) Three principles for selecting product standards \x0d\ ① Principle of purpose. Most of the characteristics of a product are stipulated by the product's design and process, and the product characteristics (i.e., technical content) specified in the standard are only part of the product characteristics. Therefore, some necessary technical content must be selected and stipulated in the standard according to the purpose of formulating the standard. \x0d\　②Principles of performance characteristics. In order to achieve the purpose of the established standards, the principle should specify requirements based on performance characteristics, allowing maximum freedom for technological development. \x0d\　③Principle of testability. Standards should specify those characteristics that can be inspected and thus verified by inspection. Some requirements are too empty; if they have no specific content or cannot be verified based on the current technical level, do not specify them in the standard. It is not appropriate to use unclear terms such as "better" or "stronger" in the standard to increase the operability of the standard. \x0d\ (3) Inspection or test methods of product standards \x0d\ ① All those specified in the technical requirements Content; Corresponding inspection or test methods should generally be specified, with exceptions for some routine inspection or test methods (such as appearance inspection, etc.) \x0d\　②A technical requirement generally only specifies a reproducible method of inspection or test. When more than two inspection or test methods must be specified, one of them should be specified as the arbitration method. \x0d\　③Existing inspection or test method standards should be quoted as much as possible. \x0d\　④The equipment used in the inspection or test. The accuracy level should be specified instead of specifying the manufacturer or brand name \x0d\　⑤ Fully consider the precision of the inspection or test results.

\x0d\　 (4) Inspection rules and quality assessment procedures for product standards Inspection rules and quality assessment procedures are methods and means adopted to determine whether product quality meets standard requirements. To do this, select only one of the criteria. \x0d\　①The contents of inspection rules and quality assessment procedures mainly include inspection classifications, inspection items included in each type of inspection, batch grouping rules, sampling plans, sampling or sampling methods, judgment rules and re-inspection rules, etc. \x0d\ When selecting "Inspection Rules", inspection should generally be divided into factory inspection and type inspection. At this time, routine inspection, delivery inspection, delivery inspection, etc. all belong to the scope of factory inspection; final inspection, first article inspection, periodic inspection, routine inspection, etc., all belong to the category of type inspection. \x0d\ When selecting "Quality Assessment Procedure", the inspection should generally be divided into identification inspection and quality consistency inspection. Appraisal inspection is similar to type inspection in inspection rules, while quality consistency inspection is quite different from factory inspection in inspection rules. Quality consistency inspection is divided into four groups (A.B, C, D), which are mainly determined based on whether destructive testing is performed on the inspection object. The AI ??group inspects products batch by batch and falls under the category of factory inspection, while the CJ group performs periodic inspection and falls under the category of type inspection. \x0d\　②Type inspection is a comprehensive inspection of various quality indicators of the product to evaluate whether the product quality fully meets the standards. Factory inspection is the final inspection of formally produced products upon delivery to assess whether the products meet the quality requirements confirmed in type inspection upon delivery. Only products that pass factory inspection can be delivered as qualified products. \x0d\　The items of factory inspection are part of the type inspection. Some destructive tests and long-term tests done during type inspection are generally not included in the items of factory inspection. Type inspection is not specified in the product standards for many raw materials. \x0d\　③According to product characteristics, determine whether to conduct full inspection or random inspection, or conduct full inspection on some items and random inspection on other items. Sampling inspection items should specify sampling conditions and methods. For some characteristics that may have serious consequences (such as health and safety), random inspections should not be used as much as possible. \x0d\ When conducting random inspections, the composition of product inspection batches and sampling and sampling rules should be stipulated. Different types of sampling plans should be specified as needed. The specific sampling plan should determine the relevant elements according to the relevant sampling standards, such as inspection level (IL), qualified quality level (AQL) and unqualified classification. \x0d\　\x0d\