Chinese chestnut scientific name: Chinese chestnut English name: Castanea mollissima Blume Family name: Chestnut family name: Fagaceae and peach, apricot, plum and jujube are also called "five fruits". Deciduous trees of Castanea in Fagaceae. The genus is distributed in Asia, Europe, America and Africa in the northern hemisphere. The main cultivated varieties are European chestnut and Japanese chestnut. Chestnut is one of the earliest cultivated fruit trees in China, with a cultivation history of about 2000 ~ 3000 years. The leaves are lanceolate or oblong, and the leaf margin is serrated. Flowers unisexual, monoecious; Male flowers are inflorescences. When ripe, the involucre splits and chestnuts fall off. Nuts are purple-brown, yellow-brown or nearly smooth, and the flesh is yellow. Fruit contains sugar, starch, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. Chestnut varieties in China can be roughly divided into two categories: northern chestnut and southern chestnut. Chestnut in North China has small nuts and waxy flesh, which is suitable for frying. The famous varieties are Ming chestnut, Jian tou you chestnut and Ming Jian chestnut. Chestnut in South China has large nuts and japonica pulp, which is suitable for vegetable use. There are nine varieties, such as Li Kui, Chestnut with shallow thorns and so on. This tree is very strong. The root system is developed with mycorrhiza. Drought-resistant and barren, suitable for mountain cultivation. Suitable for acidic soil. Multi-row sowing can also be grafted and propagated. Wood is dense, hard and moisture-proof. Branches, barks and involucres contain tannins, and tannin extracts can be extracted. Chestnut has a long history. Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty clearly recorded that "Yan, Qin Li, ... were all waiting with thousands of families in Qian Qian." In Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi. In the Biography of Su Qin, there is a saying that "Qin said to wait for Japan: the south has the favor of Jieshi Yanmen, and the north has the benefit of jujube and chestnut. Although the people don't work hard, they are full of dates and chestnuts, which is called abundance. " Lu Ji also commented on the Book of Songs in the Western Jin Dynasty: "All five parties have chestnuts, but those born by Yuyang and Fanyang are sweet and delicious, and the place is not as good as that." It can be seen that the working people in our country have planted chestnuts as early as 6 thousand years ago. Chestnut is mostly born in low hills and gentle slopes and floodplains, and Zhen 'an in Hebei, Shandong and southern Shaanxi is a famous chestnut producing area. Chestnut in Laixi is a deciduous tree. Before fruiting, young trees grew vigorously, with strong branches and straight trees. Results After that, the growth gradually slowed down and the crown was semicircular. After entering the full fruit stage, the growth is moderate, the branches are short and the crown is round. The leaves are large, rectangular and serrated, and the whole leaves are flat along the main veins. The fruit is big, with an average weight of 25g, which is 2.5 times that of Hong Guang chestnut. Early fruiting, high and stable yield. Grafting on annual rootstock, the seed setting rate in the second year is 665438 0.5%, and grafting on three-year rootstock, the seed setting rate in that year is 37.5%; The yield of three-year-old young trees is115 hectares, which is 1. 1.8 times that of Hong Guang chestnut. 12 years, the output of spanning trees per hectare reached 382.8kg, which was 13.8% higher than that of Hong Guang chestnut. Sweet and glutinous, superior in quality, superior to Hong Guang chestnut. Among them, the content of vitamin C is 36.5 mg per100g fresh sample, the content of soluble total sugar is 65438 0.54 mg per100g fresh sample, and the dry sample contents of starch, crude protein and crude fat are 26.57%, 7.24% and 65438 0.745% respectively. It has strong resistance and adaptability. It can be planted under the conditions of soil PH value of 6.5~7.5 and salt content less than 0.2%, with high and stable yield, less pests and diseases, and wide adaptability to rainfall and climate. Mainly distributed in Yuan Shang Town and Malianzhuang Town, Laixi City. Deciduous trees, up to 15 m, DBH 1 m. The crown is oblate. Bark grayish brown, irregularly deep longitudinal cracks. Young branches are densely grayish brown tomentose. The leaves are oblong or broadly wedge-shaped, with lateral veins protruding from the top of serrations, forming awn serrations, and the lower part is grayish white and pubescent. Male inflorescences have velvety rows. Like light, insufficient light can cause branches to die or bear no fruit. Not strict with the soil, like fertile, moist, well-drained sandy or callose loam, and have strong resistance to harmful gases. Avoid stagnant water and sticky soil. Deep roots, developed lines, strong germination, pruning resistance and many pests. In addition, its varieties are cold-resistant and drought-tolerant. The service life is over 300 years. Cyclobalanopsis has dense branches and leaves, dense shade and full crown. Suitable for shading trees, 2 ~ 3 trees are planted in clusters and can be arranged in the shade of buildings. Tree species with evergreen forest as the keynote have the effect of seclusion in the mountains. Greening in industrial and mining areas can be used as sound insulation, wind prevention, fire prevention forest or high wall hedge, which is suitable for forming scenic forests with colorful tree species in scenic spots. Seeding or grafting propagation. Seedlings begin to blossom and bear fruit in about 6 years, which is late in flowering and low in yield. In production, 2-3-year-old seedlings are often used as rootstocks and grafted before and after leaf opening. Don't plant too deep, it is better to expose the root neck of the seedlings. Treat pests in time. Chestnut has high nutritional value, sweet and fragrant taste, and contains starch 5 1 ~ 60%, protein 5.7- 10.7%, fat 2-7.4%, sugar, starch, crude fiber, carotene, vitamins A, B, B: C and minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and potassium. Calculated by ten grains, the calorie is 204 calories, and the fat content is less than 1 g, which is the lowest in the fruit with shell. Widely used in food processing, cooking banquets and non-staple food. Chestnuts are suitable for raw and fried. Sugar-fried chestnuts and roast chicken are delicious. They can be ground into powder or made into various dishes, cakes, cans and so on. Chestnut is easy to store and keep fresh, which can prolong the market supply time. Chestnut is mostly produced on hillside, which is called "healthy food" abroad, and belongs to the first-class fruit of invigorating stomach and kidney and prolonging life. Chestnut is a treasure, which can be processed into dried chestnut, chestnut powder, chestnut sauce, chestnut pulp, cakes, canned food and so on. Chestnut soup is a kind of nutritious candy suitable for all ages. Chestnut tree is hard, straight, corrosion-resistant and moisture-resistant, and it is a good material for manufacturing military industry, vehicles, boats and furniture. Branches and leaves, bark and thorns are rich in tannin, and baking gum can be extracted; Flowers are a good source of honey. All parts of chestnuts can be used as medicine. Chestnut can invigorate the spleen and qi, and eliminate damp-heat. The shell is called astringent to cure nausea, the bark decoction washes erysipelas, and the root can cure kidney qi and other diseases. However, chestnuts should not be eaten more. Raw food is not easy to digest, and cooked food is easy to stagnate. People with diabetes should eat less or not, because chestnut has a high sugar content. The therapeutic effect of chestnut chestnut is sweet and cold, and it has the functions of nourishing stomach, strengthening spleen, tonifying kidney and strengthening tendons. Sun Simiao in the Tang Dynasty said: "Chestnuts are the fruit of kidney, and kidney disease should be eaten." Compendium of Materia Medica points out: "Chestnuts can cure kidney deficiency, weakness of waist and legs, tonify kidney and strengthen stomach." Su Dongpo's younger brother Su Zi once wrote a poem praising the therapeutic effect of chestnuts. "Old age has increased my back and feet, and Shan Weng passed it on to me. The guest said that the morning is prosperous and the evening is prosperous, and the white jade slurry is used three times. " Eating chestnut can tonify qi and blood, nourish stomach and kidney, strengthen liver and strengthen spleen; Raw food also has the effect of treating waist and leg pain, relaxing muscles and activating collaterals. Chestnuts contain high starch, which can provide high calories, while potassium helps to maintain the normal heartbeat law, and cellulose can strengthen the intestine and keep the excretory system working normally. Chestnut is beneficial to the adjuvant treatment of kidney deficiency, so it is also called "the fruit of kidney". Because chestnuts are rich in soft dietary fiber, diabetics can also taste them in moderation. However, chestnuts are difficult to digest when eaten raw, and cooked food is easy to lag, so it is not appropriate to eat more at once. It is best to treat chestnuts as snacks between meals, or eat them during meals, rather than eating them in large quantities after meals, so as not to consume too many calories, which is not conducive to maintaining weight. Fresh chestnuts are prone to mildew and deterioration, and eating moldy chestnuts will be poisoned, so spoiled chestnuts cannot be eaten. Chinese medicine believes that chestnut is sweet and warm, non-toxic, and has the medical functions of strengthening the spleen and liver, strengthening the body and strengthening the bones. Regular consumption of raw food can cure waist and leg weakness, and shell and bark have astringent effect; Fresh leaves can be used externally to treat skin inflammation; Flowers can cure carbuncle, diarrhea and hernia. Chestnuts are often used in folk remedies. Eating one or two chestnuts raw every morning and evening can cure kidney deficiency and dysuria in the elderly. Raw chestnuts are mashed into mud and applied to the affected area, which can cure traumatic injury, swelling and pain of bones and muscles, and have the functions of relieving pain, stopping bleeding and absorbing sepsis. "The chestnuts in China belong to JD.COM, and the chestnuts in JD.COM belong to the west." Qianxi County is located at the southern foot of Yanshan Mountain, at the foot of the Great Wall and on the Luanhe River. Qianxi chestnut is a traditional characteristic agricultural product in Hebei Province, which has been cultivated for more than 2,000 years. Its unique soil and climate conditions have created its excellent taste and flavor. Products are mainly sold to the United States, Japan, South Korea, Hongkong and Taiwan Province, as well as more than 60 large and medium-sized cities in China, such as Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian, Shenzhen and Kunming, which are deeply loved by consumers at home and abroad. Qianxi chestnut has beautiful appearance, bright color and no adhesion to endothelium; Nuts are beige, waxy, sweet and have excellent taste; Rich in vitamins, carotene, amino acids and trace elements such as iron and calcium, long-term consumption can achieve health care effects such as nourishing stomach, invigorating spleen, tonifying kidney and caring skin. It has the reputation of "Pearl" and "Purple Jade" in the East, and is called "the best food in China" by Li Gan people. Chestnut in Qianxi grows in a pure natural wild state, without using chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and farmers harvest it naturally. Chestnut has good maturity, high sugar content, storage resistance and less moth-eaten. At present, the planting area of chestnut in Qianxi reaches 600,000 mu, with 30 million plants, all of which have passed the certification of pollution-free fruit origin in Hebei Province, with an annual output of more than 20,000 tons. In 2004, Qianxi County won the "National Top Ten Chestnut Industry County Special Award"; In 2005, the certification trademark of "Qianxi Chestnut" was awarded "Famous Trademark of Hebei Province". Xinyang Chestnut Xinyang is located on the geographical dividing line between north and south of China. Superior natural conditions are suitable for the growth and reproduction of various crops, animals and plants, and there are many kinds of agricultural and sideline products with large output. Among them, Xinyang chestnut has the longest history. It is said that there are traces of chestnut in the plates unearthed in Taiguan Chuwangcheng, Xinyang County. Chestnut produced in this area has the characteristics of big head, tender meat, thin skin, sweet taste, bright color and full particles. The chestnut produced in Luoshan and Shangcheng counties is small in size, thin in skin and thick in flesh, unique in flavor, not easy to be infected, easy to store and transport, and quite popular with consumers. The annual output of Xinyang chestnut reaches several million tons. Shaodian chestnut is a famous product in Shuhe Village, Shaodian Town, Xinyi City. It is one of the key chestnut producing areas in China and has a history of over 100 years. Shaodian Town is called "the first chestnut town in China". Actively introduce a number of high-quality chestnut varieties, such as Jiaozha, Qingzha, Chushuhong and October Red, and organize chestnut experts to formulate and improve four chestnut production standards according to international and domestic advanced technology and local conditions, such as Standards for Pollution-free Boutique Chestnut Demonstration Park, Key Technologies for High-quality Chestnut Production, Calendar for Pollution-free Prevention and Control of Chestnut Diseases and Pests, and Operating Rules for Chestnut Standardized Production Management Technology. According to the principle of typical demonstration and scale development, establish three-level demonstration parks in cities, towns and villages; Organize scientific and technical personnel to go deep into the fields and conduct face-to-face training; The chestnut produced in each project area was randomly selected, and a perfect monitoring system was established, which promoted the continuous development of standardized production of chestnut in the project area. At present, the "Shuhe" brand chestnut produced in this city has been recognized as a pollution-free agricultural product in the province, and Shaodian Town has been praised as "the first chestnut town in China Plain" by experts from China Academy of Forestry. Shaodian chestnut can be divided into oil chestnut and hairy chestnut. Among them, Shaodian chestnut is the best, with large grains (about 40 grains per catty), shiny color, fluffy meat, sweet taste and big glutinous rice. In recent years, through twice seed selection, excellent single-plant varieties such as Xinyi Jiuzeng, everywhere red and Panlong chestnut have been selected successively, and they have been confirmed as regional development varieties through provincial acceptance. It has been promoted in and outside the province. At the 1983 national exhibition of achievements in the construction of export commodity production bases; Shaoguan chestnut participated in the exhibition and won the honorary certificate of MOFTEC. Over the past decade, the export volume of Shaodian chestnut has been expanding, selling well in Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong and other countries and regions. Japanese businessmen named Shaodian chestnut Judas chestnut, which enjoys a high reputation in the international market. Sincerely welcome the vast number of successful people at home and abroad to come to discuss export, join in investment promotion and other matters!

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