Health: Fast horse.

Teacher: Zigong said, "If you talk about a gentleman like this, even a fast horse can't catch up with your tongue." The implication is,

Sheng: You can't speak. Be responsible, why do you say such things so hastily? Now even a horse can't catch up with your wrong remarks.

Teacher: Some of the top chapters are online. I think Ji Zicheng must have been shocked. How could Zigong reason? He was very eloquent.

Health: Zigong went on to say, "Wen is like quality, and quality is like writing." Wen and quality are inherently complementary to each other. ?The cat of a tiger and leopard is like the cat of a dog and a sheep? What is the difference between the skin of a tiger and leopard with its hair removed and the skin of a dog and sheep with its hair removed?

Teacher: It’s a very interesting question. analogy. It highlights the importance of external modification, which is called Wen. Of course, Zigong, a successful man, must have tiger and leopard skins at home. It seems that the trademark of clothing is indeed very important. If the trademark of this brand is lost, we will say:

Student: Hu and leopard The hawk is like the hawk of a dog or a sheep.

Teacher: We pay attention to the appearance and appearance, which is what we call gentleness. Let’s explore the quality of a gentleman. We have gradually entered the heart of the gentleman. Among Confucius’s many students, who did he think was the best candidate for a gentleman?

Student: Yan Hui

Teacher: Let’s read this paragraph aloud, paying attention to the tone in which we read it ( (Reading by students freely) This is the third time that Yan Hui is mentioned in this article.

Student: I read it aloud with appreciation.

Student: I read it with a praising tone. High praise for Yan Hui.

Student: Read it in a proud tone, because this is his proud disciple.

Teacher: What unusual path did Yan Hui take? Let’s talk about it.

Sheng: Yan Hui lived a life of eating a sip of food, drinking a sip of water, and living in a simple hut.

Teacher: China has a rich food culture. Eating snakes, eating turtles, eating pufferfish, eating civets, etc. Unexpectedly, there are also things like "getting a yellow card", "getting a lawsuit", "getting defeated", "getting a knife", "getting kickbacks", "can't bear it", "can't eat it accurately" Eating for free? Even if you eat for a while and gain wisdom, you should also pay attention to eating?! What Yan Hui here eats is bare rice and drinks only cold water. There was no hot soup and no dishes. That's not ordinary poverty, but quite poverty.

Sheng: Most people can no longer stand being so poor. Only Yan Hui is still very happy.

Teacher: What is he happy about? Where does his happiness lie?

Student: Happiness lies in the cultivation of one's own heart and the emphasis on one's own moral cultivation.

Health: Yan Hui pursues the righteous path, lives in poverty and is content with morality, and is indifferent to fame and wealth. For the sake of spiritual pursuit, he does not care about the embarrassment of material life, and is willing to live in poverty.

Teacher: A poor person cannot be moved away from him. This is the fight against having too much to eat and having nothing to do. It contains the super-utilitarian nature of Confucianism; it also contains people’s transcendence of life. Therefore, the gentleman's mental state is always happy. This is one of the three joys of a gentleman, which is the joy of seeking benevolence. Let’s read the remaining two pieces.

Pay attention to the tone of reading aloud. (Students read aloud freely and strive to recite on the spot)

Student: Confucius spoke very leisurely.

Student: Confucius spoke very calmly, magnanimously, and happily.

Teacher: Why did Confucius speak so highly of Yan Hui?

Student: Because the teacher is also such a person. Like a teacher, there must be a disciple.

Teacher: Among the disciples of Confucius, Yan Hui was the disciple who was closest to Confucius in terms of benevolence and ambition. This can simply be regarded as the best comment on Confucius’ comment on Yan Hui’s words. (Read aloud again)

Teacher: This passage from Confucius has beautiful sentences and profound meaning. It is like a prose poem, showing a kind of leisure and freedom, rejecting the worldly disputes about fame and wealth, and making people feel relaxed and comfortable. After watching it, it seemed that my soul had been purified, and I unconsciously yearned for this kind of lifestyle. Diet teachers and students are strikingly similar.

Student: Eat sparingly and drink water.

Teacher: Let’s add a few words to make the text more vivid.

(When you are hungry) Eat whole grains.

Health: (When you are thirsty) Drink cold water. (When you are sleepy) Just bend your arms and use them as pillows. Happiness lies in this.

Teacher: "Bend your arms and rest on your pillow", sleep until dawn, and have a selfless heart with a broad mind. This is the magnanimity of a gentleman. Everything is so natural and there is no deliberate effort to be content with poverty, stick to poverty and keep one's ambition, happy and fulfilling. If Yan Hui was poor and lowly, he could not move away, but now that he is here, he could still be rich and noble and could not be immoral. Confucius said that wealth obtained through injustice is like floating clouds. What are the similarities between the two?

Health: It is like floating clouds in the sky. It has nothing to do with me, and floating clouds will not last long< /p>

Health: Floating clouds gather and disperse impermanently, which is a metaphor for the ephemeral nature of wealth, which means "fleeting clouds".

Health: The floating clouds are as light as light, like wealth and insignificance.

Teacher: So now there is a very popular Internet language, which is related to floating clouds.

Sheng: All gods and horses are just floating clouds.

Teacher: So the music here is magnanimous music. This is Erle. Where are the three joys? (Students read No. 9 aloud, let students discuss freely, and the teacher summarizes, the joy of learning.)

Teacher: Confucius was sixty-three years old and had been traveling around various countries for nine years. During this period of hardship and displacement, Confucius knew that his teachings could not be used by the world, but his mentality was still optimistic and eager to learn. ?Work hard and forget about food, be happy and forget about worries, and don’t know that old age is coming? Such poetic language, this optimistic attitude, this spirit, this kind of cultivation are indeed worthy of our admiration and yearning.

Second Lesson

Teacher: Review the content of the first lesson, translate items 7, 8, and 9, paying attention to the special usage of some words. We have already felt the gentleman's style, which contains spiritual happiness, peace of mind, and responsibility. In the Analects of Confucius, there is also a word opposite to gentleman, that is

Student: villain

Teacher: What is a villain. Let’s look at a passage first. This passage will definitely trigger strong protests from female compatriots. Whether you want to read it or not, it was also said by Confucius.

Student: Yes

Teacher: Then the teacher will hurt the fragile feelings of female compatriots. (It shows that only women and villains are difficult to raise. If you are close, you will not be inferior, if you are far, you will be resentful.)

Teacher: What does it mean? The teacher explains.

Student: This is serious discrimination against women.

Teacher: The “villain” here does not refer to a cunning villain, but to a manual worker.

Student: Women are generally more sensitive, willful, and prone to losing their temper /p>

生: It is the expression of the ancient concept of male superiority and female inferiority.

Sheng: It makes sense. Especially for a beauty like Lin Daiyu, the more her husband loves her and the closer she gets to her, the more she likes to lose her temper, be awkward, and have a bad temper. This is called "being close is not inferior"; the more distant she is, the more she may be suspicious: Does her husband not care about her anymore? , have you moved on and fallen in love with someone else? This is called "resentment when you are far away".

Teacher: The villain here may be the servant in Confucius’ home. Confucius had a conflict with his wife at home. One of the servants was lazy and disobedient. He was so angry that he couldn’t help but say this sentence in class. Complaint: "Only women and villains are difficult to maintain!" Students will find it interesting when they hear the teacher complaining about household matters, so they will write it down. This is Confucius in flesh and blood, so cute and fun. The villain is often compared with the gentleman in the Analects. We find sentences about the characteristics of the villain (students find and read aloud, the fourth, fifth and sixth sentences)

Teacher: The most typical one is Which sentence?

Health: A gentleman is known as righteousness, and a villain is known as benefit.

Teacher: Yushi

Student: Understand, understand, understand.

Teacher: We have an idiom called unreasonable, which describes a person who is uneducated, arrogant and rude. How do students understand this sentence?

Student: A gentleman understands benevolence and righteousness, while a villain only understands interests.

Teacher: In other words, how can you put it.

Sheng: A villain is one who forgets his righteousness when he sees profit. A gentleman takes benevolence and righteousness as the criterion for his conduct in the world. What can be done, what cannot be done, what should be done, and what should not be done should be determined by whether it meets the standards of benevolence and righteousness.

Teacher: Next, the teacher is going to introduce some villains, some of them are handsome guys? Lu Bu in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", nicknamed the house slave with three surnames, and Wang Jingwei's photo (students commented, focusing on Li, he can sell himself) Traitor)

Health: The villain puts interests first, behaves in the world, weighs the pros and cons, and over and over again, does what is beneficial and stops when it is detrimental.

Teacher: If you want a gentleman to do things for you, you must impress him with benevolence and righteousness; if you want a villain to do things for you, you must impress him with benefits. It’s just that money can make people go around. Therefore, in the eyes of a gentleman, the most precious thing is righteousness, not profit. How you treat profit and righteousness can determine who is a gentleman and who is a villain. In fact, the villain's performance is also very rich. We can find other characteristics from it, and there are other names for villains.

Student: Call villains a mean man.

Teacher: Read the sixth sentence aloud, and pay attention to the tone you use to read it.

Student: Read aloud in a sarcastic and critical tone.

Student: Read aloud in a contemptuous and contemptuous tone.

Teacher: Let’s read it in this tone. There is an idiom

生: Worrying about gains and losses.

Teacher: Confucius was cursing using this term "contemptuous man". The most important thing for these villains is their own interests.

Student: These people don’t even have the most basic self-cultivation. When they can’t get fame and power, they worry about getting it. They are afraid of not getting it, so they make plans and find ways to climb up the ladder. this location. When I climbed to this position and had the power in my hands,

Student: I was afraid of losing the power I had gained. They plan the school only for personal interests and are deeply afraid of losing their power and status, so they do not consider anything else and use any means, including attacking colleagues, attacking good people, being jealous of talented people, etc.

Teacher: Confucius here is saying that villains have too much selfish desires and do not have truly great ideas, great personalities and great goals. Do we have it in our society now? (Student comments) Just look at our food safety. In recent years, incidents such as "poisonous milk powder", "clenbuterol", "gutter oil", and "colored steamed buns" have occurred one after another. These vicious food safety incidents are enough to show how serious the lack of integrity and moral decline have reached. Chinese food is constantly adding negative new terms to the dictionary. These can also be said to be real villains.

Teacher: A gentleman has very low requirements for his diet, while a villain is

Student: But he is ashamed of his coarse food and clothing. This kind of person is not worth talking to.

Teacher: The implication is that if you are determined to aspire to the Tao, you should put spiritual cultivation first, be firm-willed, and be single-minded. They say they are committed to the Tao, but they can't bear to eat and drink less, are not willing to wear clothes and robes, and pursue material enjoyment. Their clothes and food are gorgeous. Such people are not strong in their ambitions for the Tao. It's not worth talking to him about Tao.

Health: Since a gentleman attaches great importance to virtue and conduct, he must despise the material life in the world; a gentleman considers the issue of Tao but not the issue of food.

Teacher: A person does not become valuable just because he has a good robe. What is the noble thing about a gentleman? What should he do when there is a conflict between righteousness and benefit? Especially the choice when it conflicts with life?

Health: A man with lofty ideals and a benevolent man will not harm his benevolence by seeking life, but he will kill himself to fulfill his benevolence. .

Teacher: The first word, "therefore", expresses the result; the second word, "come", expresses the purpose.

Teacher: No matter how the villain changes, what remains unchanged is the interests in his eyes. How did Confucius himself treat profit and wealth?

Sheng: Being rich and noble without justice is like a floating cloud to me.

Teacher: Confucius once said, ?Wealth and honor are what people want; if they are not obtained in the right way, they will not be able to get them. Poverty and lowliness are what people hate; if you don't get them in the right way, you won't get rid of them. ?translate.

Sheng: Being wealthy and famous is what everyone wants. A gentleman will not accept it if he cannot obtain it in the right way. Poverty and lowliness are detestable to everyone. If you cannot get rid of it in the right way, a gentleman will not escape.

Teacher: I don’t see Confucius despising wealth and honor at all. What he despised was “not getting it by the way”. What he regarded as “floating clouds” was not “wealth and honor”, ??but “wealth and honor”. ?Unjust?.

It would be a big mistake to think that Confucius must regard wealth as dung and fame and fortune as worn-out shoes. A villain is one who sees gains and forgets justice, worries about gains and losses, is shameful, eats and clothes badly, and does everything. I hope everyone will stay close to the righteousness of a gentleman and stay away from the evilness of a villain.