Political knowledge the next day 1
Lesson 7 the right to own property
I. Who owns the property?
1. Types of property ownership: We can divide property into individual ownership, collective ownership and state ownership.
2. China law clearly stipulates that citizens' personal property includes: citizens' lawful income, houses, savings, daily necessities, cultural relics, books and materials, trees, livestock, means of production that citizens are allowed to own by law and other lawful property. This clause emphasizes legality.
3. The meaning of citizens' legitimate property: the property that citizens have acquired in a legitimate way.
4. Ownership of citizens' property: refers to the rights that citizens enjoy with economic benefits, and refers to the right of all people to possess, use, benefit and dispose of their property according to law.
5. What are the specific means to protect citizens' legitimate property in real life?
(1) Civil law is an important weapon to protect citizens' legitimate property and ownership.
According to the provisions of the civil law, the state judicial organs shall investigate the civil liability of the infringer, and often protect the ownership of citizens' legitimate property by ordering the infringer to restore the damaged property to its original state and compensating the victim for economic losses.
(2) Criminal law is the most severe, powerful and effective legal weapon to protect citizens' legitimate property and ownership.
The state judicial organs shall investigate the criminal responsibility of criminals according to the criminal law, and usually adopt criminal punishment means such as fixed-term imprisonment, life imprisonment and death penalty to protect citizens' property ownership from infringement.
6. What should we do when property ownership is violated:
(1) The owner can't exercise all of them, and requests to confirm the ownership.
(2) The property is illegally occupied by others and claims compensation for losses.
(3) If all the property is damaged or lost, request restitution.
(4) The ownership is disputed, and it is requested to eliminate the nuisance.
⑤ State organs and their staff may violate administrative law in the process of exercising their functions and powers. When compulsory measures such as confiscation of property or seizure of property are illegally implemented, they may bring a lawsuit to the people's court, demanding that the ruling be revoked or administrative compensation be given according to law, so as to safeguard their property ownership.
Second, who will the property be left to?
1, legally, the deceased who left the property is called the decedent, and legally, the person who inherits the deceased's estate is called the heir.
2. The personal legal property left by the decedent is called inheritance.
Heritage must meet three conditions: first, it must be the property left by citizens when they die; Second, it must be the property owned by individual citizens; Third, it must be legal property.
3. Heirs shall be established according to blood relationship, marriage relationship and dependency relationship. China's inheritance law stipulates in the second chapter "Inheritance according to law" that the spouse, children, parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents and grandparents of the decedent are legal heirs and enjoy the right of inheritance.
The inheritance law stipulates that the inheritance should be inherited in the order of inheritance.
Heirs in the first order include: spouse, children and parents.
Heirs in the second order include: brothers and sisters, grandparents and grandparents.
5. Ways to realize the right of inheritance: legal inheritance and testamentary inheritance.
Statutory succession: refers to the scope and succession order of heirs directly stipulated by law, and the mode of inheritance directly stipulated by law in the principle of inheritance share distribution.
Testamentary succession: refers to the way that heirs inherit the decedent's estate according to the decedent's will. The greatest advantage of testamentary succession is that the decedent can distribute his property according to his own wishes. Testamentary succession takes precedence over statutory succession)
6. A person other than the legal heir obtains the inheritance specified in the will, which belongs to testamentary succession and is a legacy.
7. When the right of inheritance is disputed:
(1) The heirs shall handle the inheritance through consultation in the spirit of mutual understanding, mutual accommodation, harmony and unity.
(2) When the property inheritance right is infringed, we should strengthen the awareness of rights protection, learn to rely on social forces and use legal weapons to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests.
Three. intangible property
1, the meaning of intellectual achievements: refers to the labor achievements created by human mental labor, which are manifested as scientific and technological achievements, inventions and literary and artistic works.
In order to encourage people to create intangible property, all countries adopt legislation to protect the rights of intellectual property owners, that is, intellectual property rights.
3. Intellectual property, also known as intellectual property, usually includes copyright, patent right and trademark right, as well as trade secrets in anti-unfair competition.
4. Important laws to protect the rights of intellectual achievements include the Copyright Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Patent Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), the Trademark Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of People's Republic of China (PRC).
5. Protect the right to intellectual achievements according to law: ① Encourage minors to carry forward the spirit of innovation and be good at invention and creation. The state protects minors' rights of intellectual achievements and honor from infringement according to law. ③ Actively participate in the social protection of intellectual achievements, respect other people's mental work, and do nothing that infringes on other people's intellectual achievements.
Politics in the second day of junior high school Volume I II
Lesson 8 Consumer Rights and Interests
First of all, we have the right of "God"
1. When we buy goods or enjoy services, we become consumers.
2. The relationship between consumers and operators: When we buy goods, we vote for the goods and their operators in the market. Therefore, for operators, customers are "God", and consumers decide whether goods and their operators can be recognized.
3. Why should we protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers?
Because in the relationship between operators and consumers, operators are in a favorable position. Some operators forget profits and use their advantageous position to harm the interests of consumers.
4. What is the position of consumers in social production?
Act as the buyer and consumer of last resort.
5. What legitimate rights and interests do consumers enjoy according to law?
The right to personal and property safety from damage (right to safety); The right to know the real situation of consumption and services; Independent choice; Fair trade rights; Claim according to law; Right of association; The right to education; The right to respect personal dignity and national customs; Supervision, etc.
Second, safeguard consumer rights and interests.
1, just a pair of "eyes": ① Master consumer knowledge and legal knowledge ② Learn to consume rationally and be smart consumers.
2. How should consumers protect their legitimate rights and interests according to law?
(1) Enhance legal awareness and understand your status and rights in consumer life;
② We also need to have a good awareness of rights and self-protection.
When the legitimate rights and interests of consumers are harmed, consumers should solve the problem fairly and reasonably through legitimate channels.
3, effective ways to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests:
(1) the consumer association is the mediation mechanism of consumer disputes. When the legitimate rights and interests of consumers are infringed, they can complain to the local consumers' association and solve the consumer disputes through the consumers' association according to law.
② Consumers can also choose to negotiate with the operators.
(3) appeal to the relevant administrative department.
According to the arbitration agreement reached with the operator, submit it to an arbitration institution for arbitration.
⑤ Bring a lawsuit to the people's court to solve the consumer dispute.
Political knowledge in the second quarter 3
Lesson 9: We advocate fairness.
First of all, fairness is the balance of social stability.
1. Understanding of fairness: In people's minds, fairness means that things should be handled reasonably without taking sides, that is, everyone involved in social cooperation should bear due responsibilities and get due benefits. It is unfair if a person takes less responsibility than he deserves, or gains more benefits than he deserves.
2. Social stability and development need fairness.
(1) Serious consequences of losing fairness: If people are treated unfairly in social cooperation, they will feel unfair.
First, it will produce injustice, anger, and even lead to revenge (yourself);
B, this kind of psychological and personal behavior reduces the trust between people, leading to the deterioration of the relationship between the two sides, and it is difficult to continue cooperation (others);
C, will have an adverse impact on economic development, affecting long-term social security (society).
(2) the importance of fairness to social stability and personal development:
A, with fairness, society can provide equal rights and opportunities for human development, and we can get what we deserve through our honest labor and meet our reasonable expectations, so as to fully mobilize our own initiative;
B, fair, enhance mutual trust, harmonious relationship, and then carry out good cooperation (others);
C, with fairness, we can do what we can, promote social sustainable development and maintain social stability (society).
Second, maintaining social equity.
(A), rational face injustice in social life.
1, fairness is always relative, and there is no absolute fairness.
2, the correct way to deal with unfair phenomenon:
(1) We should strengthen our awareness of rights and use legal means to seek help and solve problems in order to seek maximum fairness.
② We should adjust our way of thinking and reflect on our values rationally.
(3) Fight against improper behaviors that dare to harm the interests of others and help the victims.
(2) Consciously establish a sense of fair cooperation.
Cooperation based on fairness is good cooperation.
(2) Take responsibility in cooperation.
The second day political knowledge 4
Lesson 10 we uphold justice
First, justice is the "voice" of human conscience.
(1) Understanding Justice
(2) Just behavior: ① In the social process, any behavior that promotes the progress and development of human society and safeguards the public interests and the rights and interests of other political parties is a just behavior. (2) Any behavior that hinders the progress and development of human society and harms the interests of the public and others is unjust.
(3) the role of the judicial system
The justice of the judicial system lies in that its procedures and rules are not formulated for a few people, but for the interests of all members of society. Everyone can benefit from the normal operation of institutional rules and be bound by the rules of the judicial system.
Without the support of the rules of the justice system, social fairness is difficult to achieve. The judicial system is the guarantee of fair treatment. Justice makes the relationship between people closer and the relationship between people more harmonious.
Second, consciously safeguard justice.
1, observe social rules and order
(1) Consciously abide by social rules and order
(1) The justice and fairness system is aimed at all members of society, and it requires everyone to abide by systems, rules and procedures, and no one is an exception. As members of society, we abide by social rules and procedures, which is to safeguard justice.
(2) Establish a sense of pride in consciously observing various social systems and rules from an early age, form a good habit of consciously observing various social systems and rules, and safeguard justice with practical actions.
(2) Be a person with a sense of justice
A person with a sense of justice will show appreciation and reverence for just behavior, be full of yearning and pursuit for justice, and be willing to put his reverence for justice into action. In the face of unfair behavior, people will feel uneasy, dissatisfied and angry, and even take action to safeguard justice.
Social development needs people with a sense of justice.
We all want to live in a society full of justice, and the prevalence of injustice will completely destroy our society. Only more and more people with a sense of justice and more and more people with political minds will our society be more stable and harmonious.
(3) A sense of justice is a good moral character.
Politics has indestructible personality charm and irresistible spiritual strength. A person can't live without some abilities, but he can't live without integrity and honesty.
How to be a person with a sense of justice?
First: If injustice happens to you, you can take appropriate measures to fight it.
Second: When you see something that is uncontroversial happening to others, you can be brave, help justice, and immediately give solidarity and help to the victims.
Third, being a person with a sense of justice not only requires us to distinguish between just and unjust behaviors. What is more important is to feel and sublimate the moral realm; To practice, in order to maintain justice, in this process, we should not only fight for the justice of ourselves and others, but also run for collectivism and fight for the justice of the country!
Third, social development needs justice.
(1) The relevant system in China embodies justice.
With justice and justice system, people's lives and property can be guaranteed, and people can survive and develop, thus promoting social progress.
(2) the relationship between justice and fairness
When we participate in social cooperation and competition, the judicial system provides support and guarantee for people's fair cooperation. When we encounter unfair things, the acquisition of justice also needs the institutional support of justice. From this point of view, there is no real fairness without the judicial system.
(3) the important value of justice to the social system
(1) Fairness provides people with the right and opportunity to develop, while justice can avoid serious social differentiation through institutional adjustment, make our society develop healthily and continuously, and ultimately benefit every member of society.
Without the support of justice, society will inevitably fall apart.
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