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Red wine is a type of wine. Wine can be divided into different types of wine based on different processes, colors, etc. The details are as follows:

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If wine is classified by color, it can be divided into: red wine, white wine, rose wine (pink wine).

Red wine

Most are made from red grapes (there are also a few red wines mixed with a small amount of white grapes). The color of red wine mainly comes from black and red grapes. peel.

White wine

It is brewed from white grapes or red grapes. Although the raw materials include white grapes and red grapes, both red and white grapes need to be pressed and then fermented. Only white grapes undergo low-temperature skin maceration, and the pigment in the skin is not released into the wine. Therefore, the white wine does not appear red, but the original color of the grape juice.

Rose wine (also called pink wine)

Rose wine is generally brewed from peeled red grapes (such as Pinot Nior, Zinfandel). The skins are macerated for a short time before fermentation, so a pink color remains after the brewing is completed.

The difference between red wine and white wine

Red wine and white wine

Grape varieties red, black and white, red

Whether to remove wine during fermentation Is the skin

The color is purple when young, cyan when young, golden when mature,

ruby ??red when mature, and finally turns to brown-red and finally brown. The drinking vessel is larger. A smaller wine glass

Drinking temperature 15℃-18℃ 7℃-12℃

Taste characteristics: mainly ripe fruit aroma, mainly fresh floral fruit aroma

The tannin content is richer and more complex.

If wine is classified according to its sugar content, it can be divided into: dry, semi-dry, semi-sweet, and sweet wines.

Dry wine

Commonly referred to as dry red and dry white wines are dry wines, and the sugar content in the wine does not exceed 4 grams/liter.

Semi-dry type

Between dry type and sweet type, the sugar content is 4-12 grams/liter, and a faint sweetness can be discerned when tasting.

Semi-sweet type

Sweet grapes can be divided into semi-sweet and extra-sweet types. Semi-sweet wines generally contain 12-45 grams/liter of sugar.

Sweet type

Wine with a sugar content of more than 45 grams per liter is truly a sweet wine. Many young women or people who have just tried wine prefer sweet wines. Ice wine and noble rot wine are both sweet wines.

Ice wine

Ice wine originated in Germany. As early as 1765, there was a heavy early snowfall in Germany, and the weather got cold very early. The snow turned into ice and accumulated on the grape bunches. The winegrowers thought that the harvest for that year was all over, but by November It was already moon, and the grape bunches were still hanging well on the trees. Because they were harvested late, the grapes were much riper than normal and their sugar content increased. Under the influence of cold climate, most of the water in the grapes freezes, but the sugar does not freeze easily. Therefore, after the juice is squeezed, the sugar content of the grape juice is very high, so the world-famous ice wine is accidentally produced. Pfalz is Germany's most famous ice wine and noble liqueur producing area. The ice wine produced here is sweet but not greasy, pure and refreshing, with rich aromas of fresh fruits, dried fruits, flowers and honey.

In addition to Germany, some New World countries have also begun to produce ice wine due to their unique climate characteristics, such as the United States and Canada. Canada has excellent climate conditions. In the area around Lake Ontario, there are natural conditions for the production of ice wine almost every year. In Germany, ice wine is not produced every year, but Germany's rigorous production technology allows its ice wine to still maintain the best quality in the world.

Botrytis wine

It is made from white grapes that are infected by botrytis. Because botrytis attaches to ripe grapes, it absorbs the water in the grape particles. Leaving a strong sugar content and aroma, just like raisins, the wine made from such grapes has a high sugar content, and the "participation" of botrytis adds some mysterious aroma to the wine. Because the growth of botrytis is restricted by climate, this wine has become very valuable. Sauternes in Bordeaux, France is the world's most famous botrytis wine producing area. In addition, botrytis wines are also produced in Germany and Hungary.

If wine is classified according to the brewing process, it can be divided into: static wine, sparkling wine, and fortified wine.

Static wine

Most of the wines we drink daily are still wines, which means that during the fermentation of wine, the carbon dioxide produced is released, thereby obtaining static wines.

Sparkling wine

Sparkling wine retains the carbon dioxide during fermentation during the brewing process, and is also called sparkling wine. The alcohol content is between 8% and 14%, and it comes in three colors: red (very little), white and pink. Sparkling wines from Old World countries are generally made by mixing wines from different varieties, different years, and different production areas. The purpose is to maintain a certain level of wine quality, so the label does not indicate the year and grape variety. Unless there is a particularly good year, all grapes from that year will be used to make wine and the year will be marked on the wine label. New World sparkling wines are relatively simple and are usually marked with vintage.

Champagne

The most famous sparkling wine is produced in the Champagne region of France. The Champagne region is located about 150 kilometers northeast of Paris. It is the northernmost vineyard in France and has unique soil. The structure and climate create unique conditions for the ripening of the grapes. Champagne is also the first legal production area in France. Due to its outstanding wine quality, it has become the favorite of many royal nobles. To protect the reputation of Champagne, they registered the Champagne trademark. Only sparkling wine brewed in the Champagne region in accordance with French regulations, using grapes from the Champagne region, using legal traditional techniques, can be called Champagne, and the Champagne mark will be marked on the wine label. If one of the conditions is not met, it can only be called Sparkling Wine. No matter how good the sparkling wine produced elsewhere is, it cannot be crowned "champagne". For the name of "Champagne", the French fought several time-consuming and labor-intensive lawsuits at the International Court of Justice in The Hague, which made people all over the world have to respect Champagne.

It has not been confirmed whether Champagne is the earliest sparkling wine, but almost every Frenchman insists that Champagne is the ancestor of sparkling wine, but no matter where the sparkling wine originated, The status of Champagne is still unshakable. Its unique geographical conditions and rigorous brewing process also make it different from ordinary sparkling wine.

There are some differences between champagne and ordinary sparkling wine

There are three main grape varieties for making champagne: white grape Chardonnay, red grape Piont Noir), Pinot Meunier. Due to the unique pressing method when brewing Champagne, the color of the skin of red grapes will not enter the grape juice. Therefore, Champagne is generally charming golden yellow, and a few are romantic. pink.

General sparkling wine does not have many restrictions on the varieties of wine made. Even the grapes used to make red wine can also be used to make sparkling wine.

Champagne adds sugar and yeast to the wine and uses secondary fermentation to produce carbon dioxide, while sparkling wine adds carbon dioxide directly into the wine. Therefore, the brewing process of Champagne is much slower and more complicated than that of sparkling wine. The legal secondary bottle fermentation and aging time in Champagne is three years or more. So champagne is much more expensive than sparkling wine.

l Fortified wine

Fortified wine is to add alcohol during the fermentation process to stop the operation of the yeast, increasing the alcohol content to 15%-22%, while also retaining the Higher sugar content. Such as Spanish Sherry and Portuguese Port.

Sherry

Produced in Spain, it is brewed from sun-dried grapes. Brandy is added during the brewing process. In the brewing process of Sherry , put it in oak barrels, expose it to the sun, and put it away and freeze it after three months. This special brewing method gives sherry a special flavor, so it not only has a high alcohol content, but also has a sweet taste. There are two different types of sherry, one is the unsweetened Fino, which has a more delicious taste; the other is the sweeter Oloroso, which has a richer taste.

Port

Produced in Portugal, although it is a fortified wine like sherry, Port wine is added during the fermentation of grape juice. Alcohol, the addition of high-temperature alcohol stops the fermentation of the grape juice before it is completely fermented, so the sugar in the wine is retained, and the Port wine is also sweet.

The production of Port wine and Sherry wine is both attributed to the British in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. When they transported wine from Spain and Portugal to the United Kingdom, the glass bottle stoppers and cork stoppers were still in use. Before it was invented, all wine was transported in oak barrels. The journey was long and the wine easily deteriorated, so wine merchants added grape distilled alcohol to the wine to protect the wine from deterioration. Inadvertently, British businessmen Fortified wine was created. Now in Macau, this kind of port wine produced in Portugal can still be seen everywhere.

What are tannins?

Tannin is the main component that constitutes the taste structure of red wine. When drinking wine, you will always hear such descriptions: tannins are very tight, tannins are very smooth, tannins are very delicate, tannins are rough... What kind of substance is tannin? How to feel it?

Tannin is generally obtained by soaking and fermenting grape skins, seeds and stems, or by extracting tannins from oak wood as they are stored in oak barrels. Tannin determines the structure and texture of wine. When the wine enters the mouth, there will be a dry feeling in the mouth, just like the skeleton of the wine. Sometimes it will cause the oral mucosa to feel wrinkled. This is the feeling that the tannin in the wine brings to the mouth. . If you have never drank wine, think back to when you chew grape skins, you will feel astringent. This is the taste of tannin.

Tannin is an antioxidant, which can make wine more durable. Therefore, red wines that are generally suitable for medium and long-term storage have strong tannins when they are young. The wine has high astringency and astringent taste. However, because the tannin quality of each wine is different, the astringency of some wines does not decrease but increases after aging, becoming drier and rougher. On the contrary, when high-quality and delicate tannins mature, not only the taste structure will remain tight, but they will also become rounder and smoother than when they were young.

Even though the tannin content of red wine after its peak has been reduced, it becomes dry. This is because some phenolic substances that have the function of softening tannins have precipitated.

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