In 1530, a group of local skilled craftsmen made an exquisite astronomical calendar clock. In addition to displaying the date, time, and the positions of the sun, moon, and planets, the calendar clock also had a puppet show. The clock is still struck by the little bronze figure on the bell tower as it is, which is considered to bring joy to children and amaze tourists who come to Bern. Bern's Gothic Cathedral was built in 1421 and completed in 1893, which took 472 years. The minaret is 100 meters high and is brightly lit at night. In addition, Bern has the Niederger Church built in 1492 and the Renaissance palace-style federal government building built from 1852 to 1857. Einstein once lived in Bern. In order to commemorate this great scientist, the city of Bern also established an Einstein Memorial Hall. The Swiss National Library, Bern Municipal Library and Bern University Library have a large collection of precious manuscripts and rare books. In addition, there are museums of history, nature, art, weapons, etc. in Bern.

①A state in central and western Switzerland. It covers an area of ??6,887 square kilometers (of which 259 square kilometers are covered by glaciers). Population 937,000 (1990). They mainly speak German and believe in Protestant Christianity; in the Jura Mountains, they speak French and mainly believe in Catholicism. The capital is Bern. The Aare River and its tributaries, the Sanne River and the Emiyou River, flow through the state. The Southern Highlands include the Alps, including the Feenstra Peak (4,274 meters) and the Jungfraujoch (4,153 meters). Hydropower is developed. There are cattle, horse, cheese, poultry, and timber logging industries in the mountainous area, making it a famous tourist destination. The central part is a fertile agricultural area with developed grape growing industry. The industry is dominated by watch and machine manufacturing, as well as ceramics. The main cities include Biel, Burgdorf, Thun, etc.

②The capital of Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Bern. In the center of the Western Plateau, on both sides of the Aare River, a tributary of the Rhine River. The New Town is on the right bank and the Old Town is on the left bank, connected by seven bridges. Population 140,000 (1989). The residents mainly speak German. In the 11th century, there were bears, so it was named Bern. Ancient buildings have sculptures of bears, and daily necessities often use bears as trademarks. A military fortress was established in 1191. It became an independent city-state in 1218 and joined the Swiss Confederation in 1353. It has been the capital of Switzerland since 1848. The industry includes electrical, precision machinery, textile, chemical, pharmaceutical, food, printing and other sectors. Famous for its clock business, the "Watch Capital" is world-famous. Agricultural products market. It is a national transportation center and an important land and air transportation hub. The cultural center includes the University of Bern (founded in 1834), the National Library, the Museum of Human History, the Museum of Natural History, the Art Museum, the Armory Museum and the Alpine Museum, as well as the bell tower and the Gothic Cathedral (built in the 15th century). century) etc. International Tourism Center, there is a tourist attraction "Bear Garden" in the city. Many international organizations such as the Universal Postal Union, the General Administration of International Railway Transport, and the International Copyright Union are located here. Bern has a mild and humid climate, with warm winters and cool summers. It is a well-preserved medieval town with towers, fountains, cobblestone streets, and red tile roofs. Even the uniquely decorated bell on its most famous clock tower has become an important work of art. Although Bern is small, with a population of just over 140,000, its beautiful environment and unique architecture attract many tourists. The Aare River forms a loop here, and the city was first built on a peninsula in the bend of the river, facing water on three sides. After hundreds of years of development, the city has expanded to both sides of the river valley. Seven beautiful bridges connect the old city on the west bank and the new city on the east bank. Under the shade of trees, the Aare River meanders south. The buildings on both sides of the Aare River are of varying heights, giving people a novel and unique feeling.

Walking around the old town on the peninsula, the old-fashioned houses, narrow streets, pointed towers, shops with corridors, colorful stone fountains in the middle of the street, etc., all show the ancient and elegant style. style. The spire of the Gothic cathedral, built in 1421 and rebuilt in 1573, reaches into the sky and is the tallest building in the city. Opposite the cathedral is the Federal Parliament Building, a Renaissance-style building built in 1857. The green dome stands high above the red-tiled roofs in the urban area, which is very eye-catching. The clock tower located at the main crossroads of the Old Town was built in 1530 and is the oldest clock tower in Europe. People can still hear its sonorous sound to this day. Looking from the city to the southeast, Jungfraujoch, the peak of the Alps, is surrounded by layers of clouds and mist. The white snow peaks are shining brightly against the blue sky. People describe it as the crown of Bern.

The urban area also has the University of Bern and a museum built in 1834. The hill on the east bank of the Aare River is a tourist attraction in Bern. There is a rose park on the hill. When the roses are in full bloom, they are colorful and fragrant, and are crowded with tourists. Along the river bank under the gang is the famous "Bear Garden", where bears have been raised since 1513. The bears can follow the keeper's commands to perform performances such as standing, lying down, lying down, walking left or right, etc. The graceful gestures and funny movements make tourists laugh loudly. The most imaginative sights in Bern are the street fountains built in the 16th century, some of which depict heroes and some of which are terrifying monsters. These fountains have various images. Each spring has a spring pillar statue, and the spring water gurgls from the pillar stone of the sculpture. Each sculpture here tells a legend or a fairy tale, which is vivid and fascinating. In Hospital Street, there is a famous spring called "Piper's Spring". The weather-beaten bagpiper must have a moving story. The two sculptures of the street fountain on the market street are unique in style. One is the "Goddess of Drinking", mixing water with wine, her dress is dancing and her posture is graceful. The other one is a "flag bearer" holding a cute little bear wearing armor between his legs. There is also a spring in the nearby barn square. The sculpture is a fairy tale. There is a devil on the top of the spring. He grabs a child in his right hand and is about to bite his head off. There are some children in a pocket on his left hand. It seems that he is going to As time goes by, this image is meant to scare naughty children. The "Zalingen Spring" erected on Kram Street was built to commemorate the Duke of Zalingen who first founded the city. On the north side of Kramm Street, there is a Gothic building from the early 15th century, which is the Bern City Hall. Below the main entrance is a pair of high steps, typical of early Bernese architecture. In the small square in front of the city hall, there is the "Flagbearer Spring". The flag bearer is fully dressed in military uniform and holds the Bern flag in his hand. The shape is exquisite and lifelike. When you walk to Justice Street, you will see the most wonderful street spring in Bern - the "Justice Spring". The statue on the spring is "Goddess of Justice", holding a sword in one hand and a scale in the other. At her feet are the images of popes, kings, high-ranking officials and dignitaries, implying that even emperors and generals cannot escape justice in the end. The "Messenger's Fountain" is located in the Messenger's Square not far away. It commemorates an ancient Bernese messenger who was not afraid of rape.

Bern Cathedral Square is surrounded by the mansions of former dignitaries. The relief on the door was created in the 15th century and is called "The Last Judgment". It shows the scene of guilty people being thrown into hell to receive eternal punishment. The interior paintings of the church represent the same theme in a more vivid image. These decorative stained glass windows were painted in 1561 on the theme of The Dance of Death. Bernese people love flowers. Every year from May until the end of the year, the flowers from the geranium market decorate every building in the city, turning Bern into a big garden. The market in Bernier is bustling, and there is a constant flow of cars, but you can't hear the piercing horns. There are no factories in the city, so there is no industrial pollution problem, and you can't hear the sound of machine motors and other noisy sounds. In public places, people talk softly and there are no loud shouts. The whole city seems very peaceful. It is said that most other cities in Switzerland are like this.

The federal government and the Federal Parliament are located in the copper-green Federal Building (also called the Parliament Building) on ??the north bank of the Aare River. When looking at the entire city from a high place, its green round copper roof is very eye-catching. The Federal Building gives this city of clocks a full capital feel.

Bern has always maintained its medieval style. Probably for this reason, Bernese people are often considered slow and cautious. The Swiss joked: "Never tell a joke to a Bernese on Friday, otherwise he will laugh out loud during mass on Sunday." In 1905, it was in Bern that a poorly paid mathematics teacher derived A formula was discovered that would change the entire world. This teacher was Einstein, and the formula he derived was the theory of relativity. The "theory of relativity" has made human wisdom a big step forward. So, in a sense, the Bernese are the ones who laugh last. The name Bern is derived from the German word "bear". The pronunciation of the word bear in German is "Bayer", which later gradually became "Bern". Legend has it that at the end of the 12th century, the Duke of Zalingen, who ruled central and eastern Switzerland, wanted to build a fortress in Bern. In order to name the city, the Duke of Zalingen decided to go out hunting and named the city after the first beast he caught. As a result, he killed one. Bear, so the city was named after the word "bear". Because of this historical origin, Bernese people still have a special preference for bears, and images of bears can be seen everywhere.

Whether it is in the fountain in the center of the street or on the ancient buildings, there are almost all sculptures of bears.

The Zalingen Fountain was built in memory of the Duke of Zalingen, the founder of Bern. But his image is not visible

on the fountain. Only the ubiquitous Bernese Bear wears a ducal costume. The exquisite staircase outside the city hall was built in the 15th century. In front of it is the Flag Bearer Spring, with a little bear trying to stand out above it. There are various postures of bears on chocolate candies, on big cakes, even on men's belts, women's hairpins, children's clothes buttons and many other daily necessities. During festivals, large sets of colorful flags decorated with various artistic bear symbols are hung on the upper floors in front of hotels, shops, offices and private houses, becoming a major landscape in Bern. Even on ordinary days, bear flags and colorful flags can be seen everywhere. Therefore, Bern is also called the "Bear City". On the east bank of the bend of the Aare River is the "Bear Garden" with a history of more than 500 years. Bernese people have a deep affection for bears and will often come to the bear park to visit the bears. The crowds are the largest during Easter. If they have a bear cub, they will happily tell each other about it. If a bear dies, they will be sad for many days. A bear is also painted on the emblem of the Swiss Federal Canton of Bern.