Bartending is about making cocktails. The key to a perfect cocktail is: correct operation, correct recipe, correct cup, high-quality materials and beautiful decoration. Cocktails are fashionable drinks based on various alcoholic drinks and added with juice and other auxiliary ingredients in certain proportions and methods. Cocktails can be divided into four categories according to drinking habits: pre-dinner cocktails, post-dinner cocktails, fun cocktails and long-drinking cocktails. Each type of brewing method and process is different; the ratio of base wine to auxiliary materials and the selected cups are also different; this all depends on rich wine knowledge and skilled bartending technology. Basic introduction Chinese name: Bartending Foreign name: mixed drink Place of birth: United States Operators: Development history of bartenders, bartending styles, fancy bartending, British bartending, free bartending, mixing equipment, mixing stations, mixing Cup, bar spoon, mixing method, shaking method, direct injection method, juice machine mixing method, mixing technology, British techniques, bottle passing, bottle display, bottle opening, measuring wine, decoration making, skills, cutting method, precautions, Other related, development history The origin of standard bartending has not been verified, but one thing is certain that it was born in the United States (similar to the origin of cocktails, because bartending refers to mixing cocktails). The original cocktail was a strong icy mixed drink with a small amount. Later, after continuous development and changes, its definition became: two or more drinks are mixed in a certain way to become a new-tasting alcoholic drink. , call it a cocktail. So bartending mostly refers to mixing cocktails. There are different opinions about the origin of the word cocktail, and there are many different legends. Some people say that because there are many types of raw materials that make up cocktails, and they are bright and colorful, as beautiful as the feathers on the tail of a rooster, people call this unknown drink a cocktail; some people say that the word cocktail (COCKTAIL) comes from the French word "COQUETEL". It is said that this is a distilled liquor produced in the Bordeaux region of France that was often used to prepare mixed drinks. Some people say that this term quietly appeared in the cockfighting competitions in the United States in the last century, because at that time, every cockfighting competition must be unprecedented. The owner of the winning rooster is awarded a prize or rather a trophy by the organizers - the tail feathers of the defeated rooster. When people toast to the winner, the congratulations often say: "On the Cock\'s Tail!" But where does the "cocktail" itself first appear? If you do a survey on this question, you may get many different answers. Some people say that the word cocktail first appeared in an inn during the American Revolution; some say that cocktails first appeared in the sailing career of American sailors in the 18th century. But no matter what, these are very beautiful and romantic legends. The word "cocktail" first appeared in the mass media, that is to say, it actually appeared in a magazine issued in the United States on May 13, 1806. At that time, it described cocktails as follows: A cocktail is a cocktail made of any kind of liquor. An antibacterial alcoholic beverage composed of wine, sugar, water and bitters. After nearly 2 centuries of evolution, today, cocktails have not only penetrated into every corner of the world, but their new connotations have also been recognized by everyone: Cocktails are made by mixing any kind of spirits, juice, cream, etc. It is a romantic drink that contains more or less alcohol, has nourishing and refreshing functions, and can make people feel refreshed and happy. Making a cocktail is like playing a piece of music. The combination of various materials is like the notes in the music, with their special positions and functions. Only by following this rule can harmony and harmony be produced, and the most ideal effect can be achieved. Since a cocktail is a mixed drink, the different materials that make up the cocktail and the different drinking methods make the cocktail preparation methods very different. Generally speaking, the four basic cocktail preparation methods are: shake and Shake, Stir, Build and Blend. For beginners in bartending, the thousands of cocktail recipes can be dazzling and confusing.

In fact, at present, there are as many as 4,000 to 5,000 cocktails in the world. Bartending styles Fancy bartending The so-called fancy bartending, as the name suggests, is very fancy and has many styles, which is very different from conventional bartending. This way of bartending puts more emphasis on the performance during the bartending process. The master bartender who throws the bottle like an acrobatic is actually a pure performance bartending method. This cocktail usually tastes average. The acrobatic difficulty of this bartending is the soul of this bartending. Of course, it is also accompanied by fire breathing and so on. In fact, as long as it is a strong alcohol, you can also breathe out fire yourself. British Bartending As we all know, Britain is a country that pays great attention to gentlemanly manners. British bartending is a gentleman's way of bartending. If the bartender you see in a bar is wearing a vest and his bartending movements are very gentlemanly, then his bartending style is British. British bartending is a technique that real bartenders need to study most diligently. British bartending pays attention to every flavor, every texture, and the proportion of each base liquor or flavor in the entire cocktail. There are very strict requirements. Free bartending is freedom and spontaneity. Free bartending advocates the use of novel methods but respects the traditional way of bartending. Freelance bartenders mainly include those cocktail bartenders who pay attention to the taste and innovation of cocktails. These bartenders respect the tradition of cocktails, take into account the taste and characteristics of each drink, and can constantly innovate different cocktail varieties. This is the master bartender. Mixing utensils Mixing table Mixing machine is also called a shaker, shaker or barrel. It is a mixer made of silver or stainless steel. There are also a few glass products. It is a kind of mixer that can mix various kinds of drinks. Tools where the ingredients are thoroughly mixed and cool. All products sold on the market are imported, mostly used in professional bars such as hotels and karaoke bars. When making cocktails at home, it is perfectly fine as long as you can find substitutes with the same or similar functions. For example, using a glass pickle bottle with a screw-top iron lid, as long as it is washed clean and has no odor, you can still make a satisfactory cocktail. Mixing cup A thick glass cup with a wide mouth and a large or small capacity. Its function is to fully mix and cool various different bartending materials. Bar Spoon: A long-handled spoon with a capacity of about 3.5 ml, which is used to thoroughly mix various mixing materials. Preparation method: The shaking method is the most common and simple way to prepare cocktails. Put the alcoholic materials, ingredients, ice cubes, etc. into the shaker, and shake it back and forth vigorously to mix it thoroughly. It can remove the spiciness of wine, making it mild and smooth in the mouth. Note: The speed when swinging must be fast and rhythmic, so that the sound of swinging will be nice. Equipment: shaker, measuring cup, wine glass, ice separator (1) Basic equipment required to use the shaking method: shaker, ice holder, ice cubes (2) After measuring the correct amount of ingredients in the measuring cup, pour and open of snow in the pot. (3) Clamp the ice cubes with the ice clamp and put them into the shaker. (4) After closing the shake pot, place the thumb of your right hand against the upper cover with your index finger and little finger to hold the shok pot, and your middle finger and ring finger to support the shok pot (5) The ring finger and middle finger of your left hand hold the bottom of the shok pot with your index finger and little finger Hold the shaker and the filter lid between your thumbs. (6) Hold the shaker with both hands, raise the back of your hands to your shoulders, and then swing it back and forth with your wrists. The speed should be fast when shaking, shake it back and forth about 10 times, and then shake it back and forth in a horizontal manner about 10 times. Direct injection method is a method of making cocktails by injecting ingredients directly into the wine glass. The method is very simple. As long as the ingredients are well controlled, even beginners can do well! Equipment: Cocktail glass, measuring cup, ice cubes, ice gripper (1) Basic equipment required to use the direct injection method: Cocktail glass, measuring cup, ice cube gripper (2) After measuring the correct amount of base wine in the measuring cup, pour it in In cocktail glass. (3) Use an ice holder to take ice cubes and put them into a mixing glass. (4) Finally, pour in other ingredients until the cup is full. Juice machine mixing method: Using a juice machine instead of the shaking method is mainly used when fruit-like block materials need to be mixed. It is also the most popular method at present, and the mixing effect is quite good.

Prepare finely crushed ice or shaved ice in advance, pour the ingredients into the top of the juice machine, then add the crushed ice (shaved ice), turn on the power to mix and stir, turn off the switch for about ten seconds, wait until the motor stops, take off the mixing cup, and pour the wine Serve in a wine glass. Equipment: juice machine, measuring cup, ice cubes, ice clamp (1) Basic equipment required to use the juice machine mixing method: juice machine measuring cup ice cube cup (2) After measuring the correct amount of alcohol with the measuring cup, pour Put it into the juicer. (3) Clamp the ice cubes with the ice clamp and put them into the juice machine. (4) Finally, pour in the mixing technique. Features of blue champagne cocktail: noble color. Mixing materials: 8 medium ice cubes, 5 ml of fresh lemon juice (2 teaspoons), Blue Curacao 20 ml, 20 ml vodka, 20 ml sweet lemon syrup, cold champagne. What you need for decoration: 1 stemmed cherry for cocktails. In addition, you also need: shaker, ice separator, and 1 chilled champagne glass. Production process: 1. Put ice cubes into the upper layer of the shaker. 2. Add lemon juice, blue curacao, vodka and sweet lemon syrup, close the shaker and shake vigorously for about 8 seconds. 3. Pour the prepared wine into the chilled wine glass through the ice separator, and then pour the champagne until it is eight minutes full. 4. Finally, gently add the cherries for decoration. You can also make a slight change: Pour 5 ml of cold raspberry liqueur and 5 ml of blue orange peel wine into a chilled wine glass, and then pour champagne until it is eight minutes full. Squeeze in a small piece of orange, and you can also add orange peel to the drink if you like. If you want to create a special atmosphere, you can light the raspberry liqueur and blue curacao in the glass, then top it off with champagne. The British technique of bottle passing is the process of transferring a wine bottle from the wine cabinet or the counter to the hand. The bottle is usually passed from the left hand to the right hand or the bottle is passed directly to the palm of the hand with the right hand. Take the bottleneck part with your left hand and pass it to your right hand, hold the middle part of the bottle with your right hand, or directly mention the bottleneck part with your right hand, throw it upward quickly, and accurately catch the middle part of the bottle with your palm, which requires quick movements Steady and consistent. Bottle Show Show the bottle’s label to your guests. Hold the bottom of the bottle with your left hand. The bottleneck of the right armrest faces the guests at a 45-degree angle. To open a bottle, hold the bottle body with your right hand and rotate it outward. Use the thumb and index finger of your left hand to quickly open the bottle cap in the counterclockwise direction from the front and side. Pull out the cork-shaped bottle stopper directly, and use the thumb and index finger of your left hand to open the bottle. Clamp the bottle cap (stopper). Opening a bottle is a method used when there is no special wine spout. After measuring the wine and opening the bottle, immediately pick up the measuring cup with the middle finger, index finger, and ring finger of your left hand. Raise your arms slightly to form a hug. Place the measuring cup about 4cm above the front of an open mixing pot or other container, with the end of the measuring cup Hold it steadily at a slight angle, then pour the wine into the measuring cup with your right hand to the standard amount and close the mouth of the bottle. Then twist the wine in the measuring cup into a shaker or other container, and twist the bottle clockwise with your left thumb. Cap or cork the bottle and set down the measuring cup and bottle. Specifications and techniques for using bar spoons: When mixing cocktails, the thumb and index finger of the left hand hold the lower part of the mixing glass, and the ring finger and middle finger of the right hand clamp the spiral part of the bar spoon handle, because the thumb and index finger twist the upper end of the bar spoon handle. , when blending, the thumb and index finger do not use force, but use the pulp of the middle finger and the back of the ring finger to urge the bar spoon to rotate clockwise in the mixing cup. Cleverly use the inertia of the movement of the ice cubes, exert the elasticity of the wrist, and use the middle finger and ring finger to continuously rotate the bar spoon. When placing the spoon into or taking it out of the cup, the back of the spoon should be facing upwards. Specifications and Techniques for Using Ice Filters: Place the ice filter small and smoothly on top of the rim of the mixing glass. With the spout of the mixing glass facing to the left and the handle of the ice filter facing the opposite direction, place the index finger of your right hand against it. Hold the protruding part of the ice filter, hold the body of the cocktail glass tightly with the other four fingers, press the bottom or base of the cocktail glass with your left hand, and strain the wine into the glass. Decoration: Basic methods for making various garnishes. Different colors and fruits can be used to decorate different types of cocktails. However, during busy bar business hours, bartenders often do not have time to prepare garnishes, so the production of garnishes should be Prepare in advance. Don't prepare too much when preparing the decorations, as you won't be able to keep endless fruit decorations overnight.

Tips (1) Hold the cut decoration firmly with your fingers. (2) The index and middle fingers are slightly bent inward, and the thumb reaches the back end to support the object being cut. Mixing wine (3) The knuckles serve as the support for the knife surface, so as not to cut the fingertips. (4) Cut the fruits and vegetables smoothly and with appropriate force. (5) You must concentrate on cutting. Cutting method: Slice the orange (1) Place it horizontally and cut it in half from the beginning to the end with a knife in the center. (2) Make a 1/2 deep slit straight from the middle. (3) Slice at appropriate distances with the flat surface facing downwards. (4) Half-moon-shaped orange slices can be hung on the edge of the cup for decoration. Cut oranges, lemons and limes into round slices (1) Place the fruits straight and cut them about 1 cm deep with a knife. (2) Place it horizontally and cut into thin slices at appropriate intervals. (3) Cut into rounds and hang on the edge of the cup for decoration. Lemon wedge cutting method 1: (1) Place the lemon horizontally, cut off the head and stem, and cut it into two parts with a knife across the center. (2) Cut the fruit with the flesh side down, and then cut it into quarters or eighths. (3) Cut lemon wedges, squeeze out the juice and put it into the drink (usually do not hang it on the edge of the cup). 2: (1) Lay the lemon horizontally, cut off the head and stem, and cut it into two parts by cutting across the center. (2) Use a knife to lightly cut into 1/2 depth from the cross section. (3) Cut straight into eight-sided crescent shape. (4) Cut the fruit into half-moon-shaped slices with a horizontal knife. It is not suitable to squeeze the juice out of this kind and should be hung in a cup for decoration. Three: (1) Cut off part of the head and tail. (2) Cut everything into two with a straight knife from top to bottom. (3) Cut the fruit into two long strips (four pieces) with a straight knife facing downward. (4) After laying it horizontally, cut it into triangle shapes with a straight knife at appropriate intervals. How to cut long strips of lemon peel for bartending (1) Cut off a small part of the head and tail. (2) Use a bar spoon to scoop out the pulp. (3) Scoop out the pulp and cut the outer piece into two pieces with a knife. (4) Make sure to cut through the pulp of the fruit, so that the knife will not slip and it will save effort. How to cut pineapple into chunks (1) Choose a ripe pineapple and pull off the green leaves at the top. (2) Place the pineapple horizontally and cut off a small section of the head and tail. (3) After straightening, the knife goes straight down, everything becomes two. (4) Cut the fruit flesh side down into quarters with a straight knife. (5) Cut off the core of the fruit upright or horizontally. (6) Cut the edge halfway through the center of the upper end. (7) Cut it into triangles with a crosswise knife. (8) If you stick the cherries and pineapples together with a toothpick, it will become a pineapple flag. How to cut celery stalks (1) First cut off the soily part of the celery root. (2) Measure the height of the wine glass. (3) Cut off the unused bottom that is too long. (4) Thick celery stalks can be cut into two or three sections and the leaves should be retained. (5) Soak the celery in ice water until it changes color, turns yellow or shrinks. Toothpick decoration application (1) Put red cherries and orange discs on toothpicks to form an orange flag. (2) Red cherries can also be skewered with triangular lemons. (3) Use toothpicks to skewer three olives or two pearl onions. Notes: 1. Before making cocktails, wine glasses and materials must be prepared in advance for ease of use. During the mixing process, if you spend more time looking for wine glasses or certain ingredients, you won’t be able to make high-quality cocktails. Bartending training 2. The base wine and ingredients used in cocktail making should be of high quality and low price. 3. The ingredients used must be fresh, especially eggs, milk, and juice. 4. Always open eggs in a cup to check freshness. 5. Young bartenders should learn to use wine utensils to ensure the pure flavor of the wine they are mixing. 6. The bartending utensils should be kept clean so that they can be used at any time. 7. You must keep a pair of clean hands. Hands are the focus of the guests' attention. 8. Fruits for decoration should be fresh. 9. Canned decorative fruits such as cherries should be rinsed in advance according to the daily usage, sealed with plastic wrap and placed in the freezer for later use. 10. Cocktail decorations should strictly follow the recipe requirements, and the decoration of homemade wine should also be based on the principle of simplicity and harmony. 11. During the modulation operation, try to avoid touching the decorations with your hands. 12. Try to choose fresh and hard ice cubes when mixing drinks. 13. The principle of cutting program is to use auxiliary ingredients first and then main ingredients. 14. Most cocktails need to be mixed and drunk immediately, and they are not easy to store for a long time. 15. When preparing hot drinks, the temperature should not exceed 78 degrees. 16. When using a glass, if the room temperature is high, pour cold water into the glass before use, then add ice cubes, then filter the water, and add the bartending ingredients for mixing.

17. The sugar cubes and powdered sugar used in cocktail mixing should first be melted with a small amount of water in a cocktail shaker or wine glass shaker, and then other ingredients should be added for mixing. 18. Fill the cocktail mix (in the recipe) with soda water or mineral water. This sentence is for an appropriate amount of wine glasses. For large-capacity wine glasses, you can control the amount as appropriate. If you top it up blindly, the taste of the wine will become lighter. 19. Gas-containing materials such as soda water must not be shaken in shakers and electric mixers. 20. "ON THERS" means to put ice cubes in the glass beforehand and then pour the wine on the ice cubes. 21. "Chasing water" refers to diluting high-alcohol wine and adding drinking water. 22. When pouring wine, you should pay attention to the distance of 1/8 from the mouth of the cup. 23. Keep the wine glass clean, bright and spotless, and do not hold the glass too close to the rim. 24. Fruits should be soaked in hot water beforehand to squeeze 1/4 more juice. 25. The ratio of syrup and powdered sugar to water is 3:1. 26. The egg whites used in cocktails are to increase the foam and adjust the color of the wine, and will not affect the taste. 27. After the preparation is completed, be sure to close the bottle cap tightly and return it to its original position. 28. If there is any leftover wine in the cocktail mixer, which cannot be kept for a long time, it should be filtered into a clean cup for later use. 29. The egg yolks or egg whites in the cocktail recipes are all fresh. 30. Wash the bar spoons and measuring cups after use and put them into clean water. 31. The so-called "shaking method" refers to the process of making cocktails with a shaker. Most of the raw materials used are juice, milk, eggs, etc. The purpose of using this method is to fully mix and cool the main ingredients of your cocktail without melting the ice cubes and diluting the alcohol. Therefore, the shaking process should be fast and the time of intense force should be short. Generally, water mist will appear on the wall of the pot. Mixing bottle 32. The so-called "mixing method" refers to the process of making cocktails with wine glasses. Clear main ingredients are commonly used in cocktails. The brewing process should be brisk and short so that the wine is fully mixed and allowed to cool thoroughly. Ice cubes are most commonly used in cocktail glasses. It needs to be prepared with a wine glass and cannot be prepared with a wine flask. 33. A good bartender should carry supplies such as corkscrews and lighters with him. 34. The bartender was in a hurry and the clinking sound of bottles made the customers distrustful. 35. For unfamiliar and ambiguous wines, you can humbly ask the guests for advice. 36. For more than one cup of the same cocktail, whether it is completed or completed several times, one should not pour one cup and then two. Instead, the glasses should be placed side by side, from left to right and then from right to left, to distribute them evenly. Other related How to make cocktails Cocktails are divided into short drinks and long drinks. Short drinks, which means cocktails that are drunk for a short period of time, the flavor will weaken over time. The drink is shaken or stirred and chilled, in a cocktail glass. It is generally believed that it is best to drink the cocktail 10 to 20 minutes after it is mixed. Most alcohol content is around 30 degrees. Long drinks are cocktails that are suitable for killing time and drinking leisurely. Add soda water, juice, etc. Long-drinking cocktails are almost always served in large-capacity cups such as tumblers or juice glasses. It is a cold drink with icing, or it can be served hot with boiled water or hot milk. However, it is generally considered best to drink it within 30 minutes. Compared with short drinks, most have lower alcohol concentrations, so they are easier to drink. It is divided into the following types according to different preparation methods: Collins liquor, lemon juice and sugar or syrup are added to the hard liquor, and then topped with soda water. Famous ones include John Kline wine, Tongalian wine, etc. Cooler is a hard liquor made with lemon or lime juice and sweeteners, topped with soda water or ginger ale. There are also non-alcoholic types based on wine. Sweet wine flip: Add eggs and sugar to wine or liquor. Sprinkle some nutmeg at the end if you like, either hot or cold. Pousse-Cafe, an after-dinner drink, is a type of pouring any kind of hard liquor, liqueur, and fresh milk into a cup in order of density so that they do not mix together. It is important to know the density of various wines beforehand. Punch is made with wine and spirits as the base wine, adding various liqueurs, juices, fruits, etc. As a banquet drink, it is often prepared in a large wine bowl mixed with sweet and fragrant drinks. Almost all are cold drinks, but there are also hot ones. A sour cocktail is made by adding lemon juice, sugar and other sweet and sour things to hard liquor. In principle, soda water is not used for this drink in the United States. Other countries have soda and champagne.

Bartenders In their actual work, bartenders not only have to remember the names, recipes, and mixing methods of hundreds of cocktails. You must also know the color and taste of the wine; know how to control the portion size; know how to control costs; you must also know how to identify the quality, color, aroma, taste, and overall appearance of the wine; and it is also very important to understand customer reviews. Nowadays, many bartenders take cocktail recipes seriously, but many of their creations are not popular. In fact, any cocktail recipe must be modified based on the ingredients you choose, because ingredients from different brands and origins will have greatly different tastes. Finally, you should also learn more about the tastes of customers in the area where you work, so that you can prepare cocktails according to customers' preferences. A good bartender should have a sense of innovation and create unique new cocktails!