1. Knowledge about watermelon
Watermelon (scientific name: Citrullus lanatus, English: Watermelon) belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is native to Africa.
Watermelon is a dicotyledonous flowering plant shaped like a vine with feathery leaves. The fruit it bears is a false fruit and belongs to a category of what botanists call false berries.
The outer skin of the fruit is smooth, green or yellow with patterns, and the juicy pulp is red or yellow (rarely white). Morphological Characteristics: Watermelon is an annual trailing herbaceous plant.
The fruit has crisp and tender flesh, sweet and juicy taste, and is rich in mineral salts and multivitamins. It is the main summer fruit to relieve heat. Watermelon clears away heat and relieves heat, and has auxiliary effects on the treatment of nephritis, diabetes, cystitis and other diseases.
The peel can be pickled, made into preserves, jam and feed. The seeds have an oil content of 50% and can be squeezed, fried or used as ingredients in pastries.
Characteristics: Watermelon main root system, the main root depth is more than 1 meter, the root mass is mainly distributed in the root layer of 20cm-30cm, the roots are slender and easy to break, have weak regeneration and are not resistant to transplantation. The seedling stems are upright, elongated after 4 to 5 nodes, and creeping after 5 to 6 leaves. They are highly branched and can form 3 to 4 levels of lateral branches.
The leaves are alternate, with deep lobes, shallow lobes and entire margins. The flowers are dioecious and monoecious, with male flowers appearing on the 3rd to 5th nodes of the main stem and female flowers on the 5th to 7th nodes. A few hermaphrodite flowers may appear during the peak flowering period.
Corolla yellow. The ovary is inferior, with a parietal placenta.
Both male and female flowers have nectaries and are insect-pollinated flowers. The flowers open in the morning and close in the afternoon. Fruits are round, oval, elliptical, cylindrical, etc.
The fruit surface is smooth or grooved, and the skin is green-white, green, dark green, dark green, black, with fine meshes or stripes in between. The flesh has milky white, light yellow, dark yellow, light red, bright red and other colors.
The meat quality is divided into tight meat and sandy pulp. Seeds are flat, oval or long-ovate, smooth or cracked.
The seed coat is white, light brown, brown, black or brown, solid or variegated. Thousands of seeds: large seed type 100g~150g, medium seed type 40g~60g, small seed type 20g~25g.
Seed melon type 145g~200g. Watermelon Purpose Watermelon fruit is the main fruit in summer.
In addition to containing a large amount of water, ripe fruits generally have a sugar content of 5 to 12, including glucose, fructose and sucrose. Sweetness increases with the increase of sucrose in the later stages of ripening.
Contains no starch, and the sweetness will be reduced during post-harvest storage due to the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides. The melon seeds can be used as tea, and the melon rind can be processed into watermelon jam.
In traditional Chinese medicine, melon juice and rind are used as medicine to clear away heat and relieve heat. It can be called the king of melons. It was introduced from the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty, so it was called watermelon.
Watermelon is also an annual herbaceous plant of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is native to Africa and is now grown throughout the country except for a few remote and cold areas. The fruit tastes sweet but is cold in nature. Watermelon is a typical fruit in summer and the main fruit in summer. On hot summer days or sultry tropical nights, as long as there is frozen watermelon, it has the effect of eliminating the heat.
Varieties: Watermelons vary according to their uses and can be divided into three categories: ordinary watermelon, melon seed melon, and small watermelon. Watermelon - also called water melon, cold melon, and summer melon. It was introduced from the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty, so it is called "watermelon". Watermelon tastes sweet and juicy, refreshing and quenches thirst. It is a good fruit in midsummer. It has a good diuretic effect, so it is called "natural white tiger soup". In addition to being free of fat and cholesterol, watermelon contains almost all the nutrients needed by the human body. It is a nutritious, pure and safe food.
2. Knowledge about watermelon
Watermelon (scientific name: Citrullus lanatus, English: Watermelon) belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is native to Africa. Watermelon is a dicotyledonous flowering plant shaped like a vine with feathery leaves. The fruit it bears is a false fruit and belongs to a category of what botanists call false berries. The outer skin of the fruit is smooth, green or yellow with patterns, and the fruit pulp is juicy and red or yellow (rarely white).
Morphological characteristics Watermelon
An annual trailing herbaceous plant. The fruit has crisp and tender flesh, sweet and juicy taste, and is rich in mineral salts and vitamins. It is the main summer fruit to relieve heat. Watermelon clears away heat and relieves heat, and has auxiliary effects on the treatment of nephritis, diabetes, cystitis and other diseases. The peel can be pickled, made into preserves, jam and feed. The seeds have an oil content of 50% and can be squeezed, fried or used as ingredients in pastries. Characteristics: The main root system of watermelon has a main root depth of more than 1 meter. The root mass is mainly distributed in the root layer of 20cm-30cm. The roots are slender and easy to break, have weak regeneration and are not resistant to transplantation. The seedling stems are upright, elongated after 4 to 5 nodes, and creeping after 5 to 6 leaves. They are highly branched and can form 3 to 4 levels of lateral branches. The leaves are alternate, with deep lobes, shallow lobes and entire margins. The flowers are dioecious and monoecious, with male flowers appearing on the 3rd to 5th nodes of the main stem and female flowers on the 5th to 7th nodes. A few hermaphrodite flowers may appear during the peak flowering period. Corolla yellow. The ovary is inferior, with a parietal placenta. Both male and female flowers have nectaries and are insect-pollinated flowers. The flowers open in the morning and close in the afternoon. Fruits are round, oval, elliptical, cylindrical, etc. The fruit surface is smooth or grooved, and the skin is green-white, green, dark green, dark green, black, with fine meshes or stripes in between. The flesh has milky white, light yellow, dark yellow, light red, bright red and other colors. The meat quality is divided into tight meat and sandy pulp. Seeds are flat, oval or long-ovate, smooth or cracked. The seed coat is white, light brown, brown, black or brown, solid or variegated. Thousands of seeds: large seed type 100g~150g, medium seed type 40g~60g, small seed type 20g~25g. Seed melon type 145g~200g.
Watermelon
Purpose Watermelon fruit is the main fruit in summer. In addition to containing a large amount of water, ripe fruits generally have a sugar content of 5 to 12, including glucose, fructose and sucrose. Sweetness increases with the increase of sucrose in the later stages of ripening. Contains no starch and during postharvest storage the sweetness is reduced by hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides. The melon seeds can be used as tea, and the melon rind can be processed into watermelon jam. In traditional Chinese medicine, melon juice and rind are used as medicine to clear away heat and relieve heat. It can be called the king of melons. It was introduced from the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty, so it was called watermelon. Watermelon is also an annual herbaceous plant of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is native to Africa and is now grown throughout the country except for a few remote and cold areas. The fruit tastes sweet but is cold in nature. Watermelon is a typical fruit in summer and the main fruit in summer. On hot summer days or sultry tropical nights, as long as there is frozen watermelon, it has the effect of eliminating the heat. Variety: Watermelon has different uses and can be divided into three categories: ordinary watermelon, melon seed melon, and small watermelon. Watermelon - also called water melon, cold melon, and summer melon. It was introduced from the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty, so it is called "watermelon". Watermelon tastes sweet and juicy, refreshing and quenches thirst. It is a good fruit in midsummer. It has a good diuretic effect, so it is known as the "natural white tiger soup". In addition to being free of fat and cholesterol, watermelon contains almost all the nutrients needed by the human body. It is a nutritious, pure and safe food.
3. Nutritional knowledge of watermelon
Watermelon fruit is the main fruit in summer.
Melon seeds can be used as tea and snacks, and the melon rind can be processed into watermelon jam. In traditional Chinese medicine, melon juice and rind are used as medicine to clear away heat and relieve heat.
Watermelon is a typical fruit in summer and the main fruit in summer. On hot summer days or sultry tropical nights, as long as there is frozen watermelon, it will have the effect of eliminating the heat. Watermelon tastes sweet and juicy, refreshing and thirst-quenching. It is a good fruit in midsummer. It can not only relieve summer heat and polydipsia, but also has a good diuretic effect. Watermelon rind is used to treat nephritis, edema, liver disease, jaundice, and diabetes.
Watermelon seeds have the effect of clearing and moisturizing the lungs, quenching thirst, aiding digestion, and can cure vomiting blood and chronic cough. The seed shell is used to treat intestinal wind and blood dysentery.
O（∩_∩）O~ There are many benefits of eating watermelon in summer.
4. Common sense in daily life: What should not be eaten with watermelon?
Watermelon cannot be eaten with peaches. Strictly speaking, it is not that watermelon and peaches cannot be eaten together, but they cannot be eaten in excess. Eating them together may cause diarrhea. If you want to eat these two fruits for people with sensitive stomachs, it is recommended to wait a short period of time after eating one before eating the other.
In addition, watermelon and peaches are both extremely sweet fruits. They do not taste very good when eaten together. They are rather sweet, but it is not recommended to eat them together in terms of taste.
Watermelon cannot be eaten with mutton. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that eating watermelon after eating mutton can easily damage your vitality. Because mutton is sweet and hot in nature, while watermelon is cold in nature and is a raw and cold food. After eating, it not only reduces the warming effect of mutton, but also hinders the spleen and stomach. For patients suffering from yang deficiency or spleen deficiency, it is easy to cause spleen and stomach dysfunction. Therefore, it is not advisable to eat a large amount of cold foods such as watermelon and cucumber after eating mutton.
Watermelon cannot be eaten with shrimp. Watermelon and shrimp are both cold foods. Eating them together may damage the gastrointestinal tract and may cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. It is not recommended to eat them together.
Watermelon cannot be eaten together with mangosteen. Mangosteen is a cold fruit, especially those with weak constitutions should eat less. People with normal constitutions can eat three or four a day. Be careful not to mix it with watermelon, soy milk, beer, cabbage, mustard greens, bitter melon, winter melon and other cold fruits. Eat food together. You can eat less in moderation. Watermelon is cold in nature and taste. If you eat too much, it can easily damage the spleen and stomach and cause abdominal pain or diarrhea.
Watermelon cannot be eaten together with mung beans. When summer comes, everyone either eats watermelons or drinks mung bean soup to relieve fever. In fact, melons, fruits and mung bean soup are both very suitable foods for summer. However, it is best not to eat the two together. Watermelon and mung beans are both cold in nature, and eating them together can easily cause gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhea and other diseases. It is best to take mung bean soup and watermelon half an hour apart
Watermelon and avocado cannot be eaten together. Eating watermelon and avocado together can cause vomiting. Youguozi is a traditional Han Chinese pastry snack and is a fried food. At the same time, it is not recommended to eat watermelon with other fried foods, which can easily cause diarrhea, especially iced watermelon.
Watermelon cannot be eaten together with Babaodan. Babaodan, the name of a traditional Chinese medicine prescription. It has the effect of promoting muscle growth and relieving sores. It is mainly used to treat various diseases such as ulcers and ulcers, and those that need to be closed after the abscess has been removed. However, watermelon cannot be eaten together with Babaodan, as it may cause poisoning.
5. How watermelon grows
Benefits of watermelon: Nature and flavor: sweet, cold, non-toxic.
Meridian return: enters the heart, lungs, spleen, and kidneys. Efficacy: relieves irritability and thirst, relieves summer heat and clears away heat, relieves water and qi, and relieves alcohol poisoning.
Indications: aphtha and throat paralysis, dry mouth and irritability, summer heat, blood dysentery, dysuria, jaundice and edema, alcohol poisoning, heat stroke and internal heat. Contraindications: People with weak body and cold stomach should eat with caution.
Explanation: Watermelon is a sweet product that promotes body fluids and has the effect of cooling and relieving heat, so it is refreshing to eat during the heat of summer. However, its nature is cold and cool. People with weak body, cold stomach, loose stools and indigestion should not eat more, otherwise it will cause diarrhea or abdominal pain.
The medicinal value of watermelon rind is better than that of watermelon. It has the effects of relieving heat, clearing away heat, quenching thirst and diuresis. Prescription reference: 1. Watermelon juice or 30 grams of dried watermelon rind, decoction in water and taken to treat nephritis and edema.
2. 30 grams each of watermelon rind, red bean, and grass root, decoction in water and taken to treat jaundice and nephritis edema. 3. 30 grams each of watermelon rind, winter melon rind, and cucumber rind, decoct in water and take it to treat ascites.
4. 60 grams of watermelon rind, decoction in water, can treat dry throat and sore throat. 5. 30 grams of watermelon vine, roasted and ground into powder, mixed with boiling water three times to treat acute and chronic sinusitis and epistaxis.
6. Garlic watermelon juice: Dig a small hole in a watermelon, add 60-100 grams of peeled garlic, cover the hole, steam it, and drink the juice. It has diuretic, swelling and detoxification effects.
It can cure edema, acute and chronic nephritis, and ascites due to liver cirrhosis. 7. Watermelon juice: Watermelon (it is best to use three-white watermelon with white skin, white flesh and white seeds). Take the flesh and twist the juice and drink it as needed.
It can treat infectious high fever, thirst, irritability, coma, and oliguria. 8. Watermelon and tomato juice: Wrinkle an appropriate amount of watermelon and tomato juice and drink it as needed. It can cure summer colds, fever, thirst, irritability, loss of appetite, indigestion, and red and hot urine.
9. Candied watermelon meat: remove the seeds and cut the watermelon into strips, expose it to the sun for half a year, add sugar, mix well and pickle it, then expose it to dryness, add a little sugar and it is ready to eat. It has the functions of clearing away heat, purging fire, producing body fluid and quenching thirst.
It can cure red eyes, mouth sores, fever and thirst.
10. Watermelon instant drink: Boil the watermelon juice into a paste and cool it, add sugar and mix well, dry and crush it in the sun, bottle it for later use, 15 grams each time, drink it with boiling water, three times a day.
It can cure edema, difficulty in urination, fever, diabetes, redness, swelling and pain in the eyes. The growth process of watermelon: Watermelon is an annual vine crop. From seed to seed, there is a growth cycle. The whole process usually takes 100-120 days.
The whole process has obvious stages. The morphogenesis, physiological effects, and environmental requirements of different stages are different. At the same time, each stage is interconnected and affects each other. According to the different characteristics of each growth stage of watermelon, it can be divided into four stages: germination stage, seedling stage, vine growing stage and fruiting stage.
1. Germination period The germination period is from sowing to the appearance of the first true leaf, which generally takes 7-13 days. When the seeds germinate, the amount of water absorbed is 60-70% of the weight of the seeds.
The suitable temperature for germination is 28-30℃. Below 25°C, the germination period is extended, the germination rate is reduced, and the seedlings are thin.
Above 35℃, the germination rate is significantly reduced and the seedlings grow thin. Changing temperature treatment can shorten the germination period and improve the germination rate and seedling quality.
Cold beds and hotbeds are used to raise seedlings. When the seedlings are unearthed at about 70 degrees, they should be cooled down immediately. The daytime temperature is 22-25°C, the nighttime is 13-15°C, and the ground temperature is maintained at 18-20°C to avoid the formation of Tall seedlings. 2. Seedling stage: From the first true leaf to the expansion of 5-6 true leaves, it is called the seedling stage or group stage of watermelon, which usually takes about 30 days.
During this period, the internodes are shortened and upright, the leaves differentiate quickly, but the leaf growth and leaf area expand slowly, while the root system and new organs differentiate vigorously, and 8-9 differentiations have appeared at the top of the seedling stage. Complete leaflets and 2-3 leaf primordia, and undergo flower differentiation. In production, soil loosening and warming methods should be adopted to promote root growth and female flower differentiation.
3. The vine blooming period: The female flowers bloom from the mass of the tree to the remaining fruit node, which is the main period of vegetative growth and marks the end of the seedling stage. It takes about 18 days for the plant to bloom from the time it becomes a tree to the first female flower, and then a female flower will bloom every 4 days or so.
During the vine-shooting stage, long vines and leaves are the main ones. The internodes elongate rapidly. The plant changes from upright to prostrate. The leaves and leaf area expand very quickly. Generally, a large leaf appears in 4-5 days. leaf. The plant grows vigorously, providing sufficient nutrients for the development of flowers, while the root system gradually slows down from vigorous growth to the end of spreading, and the root system development is basically completed.
In terms of production, according to the growth characteristics of the vine period, the full growth of vines and leaves should be promoted in the early stage to lay a solid foundation for subsequent flowering and fruiting. In terms of cultivation and management, promotion should be the main focus. When the vines are about 30 cm long, When necessary, topdress cake fertilizer or compound fertilizer to promote vine growth. In the later stage of vine withdrawal, on the one hand, vines and leaves continue to grow vigorously, but at the same time, excessive vegetative growth must be properly prevented to avoid delaying or affecting flowering and fruit setting. In cultivation, control should be the main focus, and measures such as pruning, pressing vines, and controlling fertilizer and water should be adopted to prevent excessive growth and Melon.
4. The fruiting period starts from the opening of the female flowers in the fruit-setting part to the time when the fruit is fully mature. This period takes about 25-40 days. According to the different fruit morphological changes and growth characteristics, the fruiting period is divided into Early, mid and late. 1. Early stage.
It takes about 4-6 days from the opening of the female flowers at the fruit node to the time when the fruit loses hair, also known as the fruit setting period. After the female flowers bloom, the ovary begins to enlarge, the villi on the melon surface gradually become sparse, and the entire fruit becomes shiny. At this time, the stems and leaves continue to grow vigorously, while the young melons grow slowly. This is the stage when the two compete most intensely for nutrients. The transition stage from mainly vegetative growth to mainly reproductive growth is a critical period that determines whether fruit is set or not.
In terms of production, we focus on control, pruning branches and pressing vines in a timely manner, appropriately controlling fertilizer and water, controlling the growth of vines and leaves, and performing artificial assisted pollination to promote fruit setting. 2. Mid-term.
From the beginning of fruit hair loss to the end of fruit setting, it is the fruit expansion period, which takes about 18-24 days. At this time, the fruit expands rapidly, so a large amount of material is transferred into the fruit, and the growth of vines and leaves begins to slow down. This is a critical period that determines the size of the melon and the level of yield.
In production, expanded melon fertilizer should be applied heavily, and fertilizer and water management should be strengthened to expand and maintain leaf area, increase photosynthesis, and prevent water shortage and defertilization. At the same time, keep the fruits properly and top them to ensure that nutrients are distributed reasonably among the stems, leaves and fruits.
Top dressing outside the roots can also be carried out to prevent premature aging. 3. Late stage.
It takes about 7-10 days from the time when the fruit is set to when the fruit is fully mature. At this time, the fruit is basically finalized, the growth volume becomes smaller, and the internal substances of the fruit change, and the sugar content is transformed, especially the sucrose content. It increases rapidly and the sweetness of watermelon increases. At the same time, the color of the pulp gradually becomes darker, and the peel becomes harder and smoother.
6. Speeches on common sense of life and Baidu knowledge for primary school students should be submitted on September 28, 2011
Dear judges, teachers, and classmates:
Hello everyone.
The surging rivers cannot drown the vast soul of China; the towering Kunlun Mountains cannot lock away the bursts of Chinese wind.
We are excited about the upcoming National Day, but at the same time, we should also understand some common sense of life and some knowledge about Baidu.
Common sense of life and Baidu knowledge are inseparable. "If you have any questions, go to Baidu" is a very popular saying today.
Safety is the foundation of happiness. Safety is the smiling face of your children when they look up to you. Safety is the laughter of the whole family at the dinner table at dusk. Safety is the family portrait of the old and the young in the park. So let us learn some common sense about life, pay attention to Baidu’s little knowledge, and live happily.
The following are some common sense I know, of course these are also from Baidu Knowledge:
1. When you eat something spicy and feel like it will kill you, put a little salt in your mouth , suck it, spit it out, rinse your mouth, it will not be spicy anymore;
2. If your teeth are yellow, you can chew peanuts and hold them in your mouth, and brush your teeth for three minutes, it is very effective;
3. If there is a small area of ??skin damage or burns or scalds, apply a little toothpaste to immediately stop bleeding and relieve pain;
4. If there are often unsightly tea stains left in cups filled with tea, use Wash it with toothpaste and it will be very clean;
5. Open your mouth slightly when you nod the eye drops, so that your eyes will not blink randomly;
6. If you have ulcers in your mouth, use vitamins Stick C on the ulcer, and the ulcer will be basically healed after it dissolves;
7. If small dust gets into your eyes, close your eyes and cough hard for a few times, and the dust will come out on its own;
8. After washing your face, use your fingers to dip some fine salt and rub it gently on both sides of the nose, then rinse with water. Blackheads and acne will be removed, and pores will become smaller;
9. When you have just been bitten by a mosquito, apply soap and it will not itch;
10. If your throat or gums are inflamed, cut the watermelon into small pieces at night and eat it with salt. , remember to do it at night, when the symptoms will be relieved, and you will be fine the next day;
11. Blow the hair dryer on the label. When the glue of the trademark is heated, you can easily remove the label. Tear it off;
12. If you are afraid of wrinkles when traveling with clothes, you can roll each piece of clothing into a roll;
13. Drink some vinegar when you burp and stand upright See the shadow;
14. If you eat something with a peculiar smell, such as garlic and stinky tofu, just eat a few peanuts;
15. Treat coughs, especially dry coughs. Before going to bed at night, fry eggs with pure sesame oil. Add a little more oil. Do not add any seasonings. Eat it while it is hot and then go to bed. The effect will be obvious after eating it for several days;
16. Wrist If a thick girl wants to wear a thinner bracelet, she can't wear it forcefully. She should put a plastic bag on her hand and put the bracelet on. It is very easy to wear and will not hurt her hands. The same method is used to remove it;
17. The skin of chestnuts is difficult to peel. Peel off the shell first, then put it in the microwave and take it out and rub it while it is hot. The skin will fall off;
18. When arranging flowers , add a drop of detergent to the water, it can last for several days;
19. Put the walnuts into the pot and steam them for ten minutes, take them out and put them in cold water and then smash them open, and you can take out the complete walnuts. The peach kernels are gone;
20. Put the shrimps into a bowl, add a little refined salt and edible alkali powder, rub them with your hands for a while, soak them in water, and then rinse them with water to make them fried. The shrimps are as transparent as crystal, tender and delicious;
21. When frying the meat, soak the meat in baking soda water for ten minutes, drain the water, and then add the flavor. The meat will be very tender when fried;
22. Soak the remaining tea leaves in water for a few days and then pour them on the roots of the plants to promote plant growth;
23. Dry the remaining tea leaves and burn them in toilets or ditches. It can eliminate stench and has the function of driving away mosquitoes and flies;
24. Method of recooking raw rice: Use chopsticks to poke some holes in the rice that go straight to the bottom of the pot, sprinkle in a little rice wine and simmer again,
25. If only the surface is cooked, just flip the surface to the middle and then simmer;
26. How to remove greasiness from screen windows: Put the cigarette butts left from washing clothes and smoking in the water, and wait After dissolving, use it to clean glass windows and screens, the effect is really good;
27. Just put a small piece of chalk in the jewelry box to keep the jewelry shiny;
28. The self-adhesive traces on the surface of tables and bottles can be wiped with wind oil;
29. Always carry a small dry battery in your bag when going out. If your skirt has static electricity, remove the battery Just rub the positive electrode on the skirt a few times to remove the static electricity;
30. No matter where the shoe is scratched
For your feet, just put a little bit of white wine on the areas where your shoes rub your feet, and it will ensure that your feet won’t be rubbed;
Please observe life more and pay more attention to Baidu knowledge. Thanks.