Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a protected geographical indication product. Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a geographical indication certification trademark. Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an agricultural product with geographical indication.
Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is a specialty of Jiangjin City, Chongqing City, and a national geographical indication product of China. Jiangjin City has a long history of planting Zanthoxylum bungeanum and has favorable geographical and climatic conditions. The Zanthoxylum bungeanum produced has a strong numbing aroma, is rich in various trace elements, and has a high oil yield. It is not only an excellent condiment, but also can be used as a variety of valuable chemical raw materials after processing. . The products are very popular in China's domestic and international markets.
Chongqing Jiangjin is China’s famous “Hometown of Zanthoxylum bungeanum”. It has a tradition of planting Zanthoxylum bungeanum since ancient times. Zanthoxylum bungeanum began to be planted as early as the Yuan Dynasty in the 14th century AD. Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been famous all over the world hundreds of years ago. Barrels of Zanthoxylum bungeanum were found on a Dutch merchant ship that sank more than 300 years ago and were salvaged off the coast of Mauritius. of words. .
Producing environment
Jiangjin City is surrounded by mountains on all sides, with undulating hills. The landform is mainly hills and low mountains. Here are more pictures 1 Jiangjin pepper farmers harvesting Zanthoxylum bungeanum
. The rain is foggy and the air is humid. People in Jiangjin like to eat Sichuan food. Zanthoxylum bungeanum is an essential condiment, and Zanthoxylum bungeanum also has the functions of dehumidification, wind dispelling and cold dispelling. In order to prevent rheumatism, Jiangjin people have a special liking for Zanthoxylum bungeanum. At the same time, sufficient light, suitable temperature, abundant rainfall and its distribution in seasons and months provide unique climatic conditions for the growth of Zanthoxylum bungeanum. .
Production situation
Jiangjin City has developed Zanthoxylum bungeanum on a large scale since the 1990s. In order to turn small Zanthoxylum bungeanum into a large industry, in 2001, Jiangjin City led the establishment of Chongqing Simian Shanzhan Pepper Company and Zanthoxylum bungeanum Research Institute relied on science and technology to shorten the fruit-bearing period of Zanthoxylum bungeanum by half. They conducted comprehensive research on the development of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in the fields of food seasoning, daily chemicals, flavors and fragrances, medicine and health care, and made the Zanthoxylum bungeanum deep processing project two It was included in China’s National 863 Program for the first time. They have also developed a series of new Zanthoxylum bungeanum products. Six of them, including Zanthoxylum bungeanum extract and microencapsulated Zanthoxylum bungeanum powder, have obtained national patents, filling the gap in similar products in China. Three new products, including preserved Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil, have been awarded Chongqing High-tech products, key new products and famous brand products. In terms of rapid detection of Zanthoxylin, Jiangjin pioneered the technology in China that can accurately measure Zanthoxylin content in a short time, and it has been used in the fast convenience food industry such as instant noodles. The essential oil extracted from Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum has a "unique aroma, refreshing and pleasant feeling". The French cosmetics giant L'Oreal Group has included Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum as a raw material in its global procurement system. Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum has become China's first cosmetic raw material to enter the L'Oreal Group. . Downstream industrial demand directly drives upstream pepper cultivation. Farmers' enthusiasm for planting Zanthoxylum bungeanum has greatly increased, and the Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting area in Jiangjin has expanded rapidly. In 2007, the area's Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting scale reached 500,000 acres, accounting for 62% of the 807,000 mu of Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting area in Chongqing, which is 240,000 mu in Hancheng, Shaanxi. , Shandong Laiwu's 150,000 acres are 1.08 times and 2.33 times higher, becoming China's largest green pepper base. In 2011, fresh pepper production reached 150,000 tons and sales revenue was 1.23 billion yuan, equivalent to the total regional fiscal revenue. . Ranked first among China’s top three pepper bases (Jiangjin, Chongqing, Hancheng, Shaanxi, and Laiwu, Shandong). Jiangjin’s “Nine-leaf Green” pepper also ranks among China’s top three pepper supercritical carbon dioxide extraction production lines.
It ranks first among the four major pepper varieties (Jiangjin Jiuyeqing, Hanyuan Gongjiao, Hancheng Dahongpao, and Yunnan Dahongpao), and is increasing at a rate of 6,667 hectares per year. Chongqing Simianshan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Development Co., Ltd. adopts the development model of "company association base farmer" and has built a standardized export production demonstration base of about 667 hectares and a green production base of more than 3,330 hectares, becoming the "National Forestry Standardization" of the China State Forestry Administration Cultivation Demonstration Project”. The extension of Jiangjin's pepper industry chain and the increase in added value have made Zanthoxylum bungeanum a pillar industry of Jiangjin's agricultural economy and brought huge benefits to pepper farmers. 33,000 hectares of pepper produce 130,000 tons of pepper every year, with an income of up to 794 million yuan, which can increase the per capita income of more than 600,000 pepper farmers by more than 700 yuan.
In December 2004, the third batch of "Hometowns of Famous and Excellent Economic Forests in China" named by the State Forestry Administration in 2004 was announced. Jiangjin City was on the list and won the title of "Hometown of Chinese Pepper". In August 2005, Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum was granted national geographical indication product protection due to its unique geographical origin and quality characteristics.
According to the "Regulations on the Protection of Geographical Indication Products", the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine organized a review of the application for protection of Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum geographical indication products. After passing the review, it was approved to implement geographical indication product protection for Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum starting from October 17, 2005 (Announcement No. 150 of 2005). .
Scope of protection
The scope of protection for Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum geographical indication products is based on the "Request for Instructions from the People of Jiangjin City, Chongqing City on the Protection of Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum as a Product of Origin" (Jianjin Prefecture Document [ 2004] No. 117) shall prevail, which is the administrative area under the jurisdiction of Jiangjin City, Chongqing City.
Regional Scope
Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is produced in Baisha Town, Luohuang Town, Shida Town, Lishi Town, Youxi Town, Xianfeng Town and Caijia Town in Jiangjin District, Chongqing City Town, Berlin Town, Xihu Town, Shimen Town, Shuangfu Town, Yongxing Town, Longhua Town, Wutan Town, Jiasi Town, Dushi Town, Zhuyang Town, Ciyun Town, Zhongshan Town, Jiaping Town, Xiaba Town Town, Guangxing Town, Tanghe Town, Jijiang Subdistrict Office, Degan Subdistrict Office, Zhiping Subdistrict Office, Simianshan Management Committee *** 27 towns and street neighborhood committees, with a total production area of ??33,000 hectares, and an annual The output is 100002 tons. Jiangjin District of Chongqing City borders Qijiang County and Banan District to the east; Yongchuan District and Hejiang County of Guizhou Province to the west; Xishui County of Guizhou Province to the south; and Bishan County to the north. It is 83 kilometers from east to west and 100 kilometers from north to south. It covers an area of ??3202 square kilometers and its geographical coordinates are 105°49-106°38_ east longitude and 28°28_-29°28_ north latitude. The lowest point in the area is 178.5m above sea level, and the highest peak is 1709.4m above sea level. The best growing areas for Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum are Caijia, Jiaping, Xianfeng, Lishi, Ciyun, Baisha, Shimen, Wutan, Zhuyang, Jiasi, Dushi and other towns (streets).
Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors
(1) Soil and landform conditions: The soil in Jiangjin District is divided into four categories (rice soil, alluvial soil, purple soil, yellow loam soil), 7 subcategories (alluvial paddy soil, purple paddy soil, yellow soil paddy soil, river alluvial soil, brown purple soil, yellow soil, red purple soil), 22 soil genera, 72 soil species, and 110 varieties. Forest soil has 1 subcategory and 7 soil genera. Soil pH is 6.5-8. The soil fertility is medium, and the soil development is shallow. Neutral and slightly acidic soils dominate. The organic matter content is 1.48, with a range of 0.915-5.369. The territory is surrounded by mountains on all sides, with undulating hills. The landform is mainly hills and low mountains. The geological structure is the transition zone between the "Eastern Sichuan Fold" and the "North-South Sichuan-Guizhou Tectonic Belt". The structural shape is affected by it, and the axis is often twisted into a " S" shape.
(2) Hydrological conditions: There are 38 large and small creeks in Jiangjin District, with a drainage area of ??about 2,000 square kilometers, including: Yangtze River, Qihe River, Tanghe River, Sunxi River, Bi River, etc. Five rivers, including Nanhe River and Nanhe River, have a rain collection area of ??more than 1,000 square kilometers. Zhuyang Creek and Luzi Creek have a rain collection area of ??more than 200 square kilometers. They are perennial rivers. The rest have small sources and short flows, and are seasonal short streams. The water quality is clear and pure, making it an ideal water source for industrial and agricultural production and domestic use.
(3) Climate conditions: Jiangjin District has obvious monsoon, four distinct seasons, mild climate, abundant rainfall, unstable warming in early spring, rainy autumn and rapid cooling, little rain in winter and spring, dry winter and spring drought, prone to drought. waterlogging. And there is a big vertical difference between north and south. The year-round average temperature is 18.2°C. The average temperature from April to October in the rose season is higher than the annual average. The average summer temperature is high but does not change much, remaining above 25°C. In some areas, the average maximum temperature in midsummer August reaches 33.9°C. The average minimum temperature in January is 5.4°C in winter, and the average temperatures in spring and autumn are almost the same, slightly higher than the annual average. The average annual solar radiation is 361.9 kJ/cm2, with the highest amount in August and the lowest in December.
Sunshine hours: The annual average is 1207.9 hours, the maximum is 1628.8 hours, and the minimum is 951.7 hours. August has the most sunshine hours of the year, reaching 217.8 hours, and December has the least sunshine hours, which is 30.8 hours. The average annual rainfall is 1034.7 mm. The rainfall from May to October in summer and autumn is 802.8 mm, accounting for 78% of the whole year. The average rainfall from December to February in winter and spring is 62.2 mm, accounting for 6% of the whole year. From the perspective of four seasons changes, summer Accounting for 43% of the whole year, winter accounts for 171.3 mm, with the highest number in June and July, followed by June, and the lowest number in January, only 17.8 mm. The annual average number of rainfall days is 156 days, with a maximum of 180 days and a minimum of 130 days.
(4) Humanistic and historical situation: Jiangjin civilization has a long history. In ancient times, it belonged to Liangzhou in "Yu Gong", Bazi Kingdom in Zhou Dynasty, and Bajun in Qin Dynasty. There were humans as early as 5,000 years ago in the Neolithic Age. Early civilizations thrived here, and 603 fixed cultural relics have been discovered so far, with rich cultural heritage. Jiangjin has always been known as the "Hometown of Zanthoxylum bungeanum". Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum has been cultivated since the Yuan Dynasty, which has a history of more than 600 years. In order to make Jiangjin's pepper industry bigger and stronger, the district committee and district government have formulated clear development goals, breaking through the "household management" model, focusing on "grabbing large households, building associations, and leading retail investors" and actively promoting "company + scientific research" + Association + Professional
Professional Cooperatives + Owner-Farmers" operating model, establish the Zanthoxylum bungeanum Association to serve the industry, strictly implement the Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum production base management system, and ensure the production and management of Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum. The level has been continuously improved, farmers' income has increased, and exports have achieved remarkable results.
Production technical requirements
(1) Origin selection: Select the jurisdiction of 27 towns and street neighborhood committees in the country. The environmental quality of the origin must comply with the "Environmental Technical Conditions for Green Food Origin" (NT/ 391-2000).
(2) Variety selection: Select nine-leaf green pepper varieties with strong stress resistance, high quality and high yield, good commercialability and high yield.
(3) Production process management: The production process of Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum must be strictly operated in accordance with the "Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum production operating procedures". The use of pesticides and fertilizers during the production process must comply with the "Guidelines for the Use of Pesticides in Green Food" (NT/393-2000) and the "Guidelines for the Use of Green Food Fertilizers" (NT/394-2000). In order to ensure the quality characteristics of Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum, special attention should be paid to the following links: A. Field management of Zanthoxylum bungeanum during the growth period. ① Timely transplanting: Select strong pepper seedlings, generally less than 30 cm in height, and plant them in autumn or spring every year. The planting size is 3 × 2 meters, and 110 plants per acre are planted. After planting, water the roots thoroughly. ②Irrigation: Check the survival status one week after planting. If there are any missing nests, replant them in time. If the soil is dry and the seedlings and twigs are wilting, water them in time to soak the soil around the roots. ③ Set the stem: After the planting is successful, keep 50-60 cm of the main stem, cut off the upper part, keep the full buds below the cut, and cut off the side branches on the stem within 30 cm from the ground. ④ Fertilization: Fertilize after the seedlings are alive and before flowering and fruiting. In order to achieve a combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be appropriately emphasized to promote the growth of the tree. Generally, it is applied three times a year, in early and mid-February, early May and mid-to-late July. Each time, an appropriate amount of farmyard manure is applied, such as 2-3 kg of light poultry and livestock manure water per plant or a formula fertilizer with peppercorns (nitrogen). The total content of phosphorus, potassium and organic fertilizers is 50) 20 grams. All kinds of fertilizers are applied in the nest plate 20-30 cm away from the foot of the pepper tree. First dig a trench or dig 0, then cover it with soil after applying the fertilizer. When fertilizing after flowering and fruiting, the amount of fertilizer should be gradually increased as the tree grows, with an appropriate emphasis on the proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and additional calcium fertilizers. Fertilizer is generally applied three times a year, in early to mid-February, early May, and after harvest (mid-to-late July). Apply 100-200 grams of special fertilizer for Zanthoxylum bungeanum to each plant in the first two times (increase or decrease within this range according to the size of the tree), and apply 150-250 grams of special fertilizer for Zanthoxylum bungeanum to each plant in the last two times. Among them, the two fertilizations in early February and after harvest should be combined with the application of appropriate organic fertilizers, such as 3-4 kg of poultry and livestock manure per plant.
Each type of fertilizer is applied around the foot of the Zanthoxylum bungeanum tree and in a nest 30-40 cm away from the foot of the tree. Dig a small trench or 0 first, then apply the fertilizer and then cover it with soil. . ⑤Weeding: Weeding is usually carried out before fertilization and when pests and diseases overwinter (November-December). Manual weeding is usually done in conjunction with fertilization. When weeds first emerge and the soil surface hardens after rain, manual weeding before fertilization can achieve the dual effects of loosening soil and water conservation and preventing weeds. Chemical herbicides: When weeds are seriously infested and labor is tight, chemical herbicides can be used to weed. Use 10 ml of glyphosate 500ML to control weeds in the morning when the dew is still wet. ⑥Pruning and shaping: The general requirements for pruning Zanthoxylum bungeanum are to achieve the goals of clear hierarchy, reasonable arrangement of skeleton branches, uniform branch distribution, ventilation and light transmission, and early and high yield by using multiple main branches and short cuts. There are four common pruning tree shapes: heart-shaped, cup-shaped, tower-shaped and fan-shaped. B. Adhere to the comprehensive prevention and control technology that focuses on prevention and biological control: In the production of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, we must first adopt scientific and advanced agronomic measures, biological measures and cultivation and management techniques to eliminate and reduce the source of disease and insect population base, and avoid or mitigate diseases and insect pests. For losses caused by damage, those who can avoid using pesticides should try their best not to use pesticides, and those who can use biological pesticides should try not to use chemical pesticides. Choose and use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticide varieties, and strictly control the dosage and safety period of pesticides to avoid the impact of pesticide residues on the quality of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.
(4) Product Harvest: Harvest at the right time. Harvest begins when the peppercorns reach eight maturity. After drying the peels of the harvested peppercorns, remove remaining seeds, leaves, fruit stems and other impurities, and grade and quantify them. Packed for sale or marketed after selection, heat sterilization, cleaning, vacuum packaging, refrigeration processing and preservation.
(5) Production record requirements: For the entire process of Jiangjin pepper production, field production files must be established, fully recorded and properly preserved for reference.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
(1) External sensory characteristics: The peppercorns are required to be mature at about eight ripe; bright green or yellow-green; with freshly painted peppers Inherent taste and smell, no peculiar smell; keep the original shape of pepper, no broken grains, mold grains, rotten grains; no thick branches and leaves, no pepper thorns, a small amount of twigs, leaves and thin stalks are allowed, and no other foreign impurities.
(2) Intrinsic quality indicators: the volatile oil of Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum is greater than or equal to 2.5, the total ash content is less than or equal to 10, the acid-insoluble ash content is less than or equal to 5, and the anesthesiol is greater than or equal to 8mg/ g.
(3) Safety requirements: Jiangjin Zanthoxylum bungeanum strictly adheres to the "Pollution-free Food Spices" (NY5323-2006) standard.
Packaging labels and other relevant regulations
The signs on the sales packaging of Jiangjin pepper shall be implemented in accordance with the regulations of GB7718-1994; packaging materials shall comply with food hygiene regulations. After the packaging bag is sealed, no Air leakage and damage are allowed, each retail.