I. Understanding that citizens' right to life and health is inviolable

1. Civil personality right (meaning)

Including the right to life, health and other material personality rights and spiritual personality rights such as freedom, name, portrait, reputation and privacy.

2. Among the citizens' personality rights, the right to life and health occupies the primary position.

3. The protection of citizens' right to life and health by China laws;

The Constitution, Criminal Law, General Principles of Civil Law, Public Security Administration Law and other laws and regulations all protect the right to life and health.

4. What special protections do China laws have for minors' right to life and health?

(1) China's laws prohibit maltreatment and abandonment of minors, infant drowning and abandonment.

(2) employers are prohibited from illegally recruiting minors under the age of 16.

③ It is forbidden to arrange underage workers (workers who have reached the age of 16 but not reached the age of 18) to engage in underground, toxic and harmful labor.

5. What are the ways for citizens to exercise their right to health?

We have the right to cherish life, maintain health, actively exercise, improve health, and let ourselves have a strong body and a radiant spirit.

(2) We have the right to get timely medical treatment when we are sick, to restore health and enhance our physique.

(3) When one's life and health are illegally infringed upon by others, one has the right to defend oneself according to law and request legal protection.

What should we do when our life and health are illegally violated by others? )

(4) Pay attention to your life and health, and make yourself in a safe environment far away from others. This is not only the right of every citizen, but also our concern and responsibility for ourselves.

6. How to care about the life and health of others;

While enjoying the right to life and health, we have a moral and legal obligation not to infringe on the right to life and health of others. Any illegal violation of others' life and health will be punished by law.

Second, understand that citizens' right to personal dignity is inviolable.

1. Right to personal dignity:

In modern society, the law gives every citizen the right to personal dignity. Everyone enjoys the minimum social status as a "person" and the minimum right to be respected by others and society. This right is the right of personal dignity.

What two aspects are explained: this right explains two aspects: self-esteem and respect for others.

② Status of the right of personal dignity: The right of personal dignity is the core right in the right of personal dignity.

It is embodied in the right of reputation, portrait, name and privacy.

B personal dignity is inviolable, and the consequences of insulting people:

Will be condemned by social morality and bear corresponding legal responsibilities.

3. Right of reputation

The so-called reputation right is the right that people enjoy according to law to evaluate their own objective society and exclude others' infringement.

② Function: To provide protection for people's safety rights and interests of self-respect.

③ Performance: The right of reputation is manifested as the right to control reputation interests and the right to maintain reputation.

(4) Infringement of others' reputation right:

A publicly insulting others, satirizing, mocking and sarcastic others in public, and throwing dirty water at others are all insulting behaviors;

B. Defamation behaviors such as making things out of nothing, fabricating facts and hurting others.

4. Portrait right

(1) Portrait is a representation of human image centered on appearance.

(2) What are the forms of portrait painting?

Its production methods are rich and varied, such as painting, carving, paper-cutting, taking photos, taking photos and so on.

Reproduce someone's voice, face and smile.

(3) Citizens have the right to control their portraits according to law. What does the citizen's portrait right include?

The right to portrait, the right to use and the right to get paid.

(4) How do minors use the right of portrait?

Minors must have guardians or agree to use their portraits and get paid.

⑤ What are the acts that violate the right of portrait?

Using a portrait of a citizen for profit without my consent;

B. Malicious damage, defilement and uglification of citizen portraits, or personal attacks by using citizen portraits, etc.

5. Name right

The meaning of name right: refers to the right of citizens to decide, use and change their names according to law, as well as the right to exclude others' infringement. However, the name right of minors and mental patients shall be exercised by their guardians.

(2) What are the two manifestations of infringement of the right to name?

Stealing or using someone else's name.

Third, understand that citizens' right to privacy is inviolable.

1. Privacy:

The meaning of privacy: refers to the right of citizens to live a peaceful private life and keep private information confidential according to law.

② The content of privacy right includes:

A. the right to peace in private life B. the right to privacy of personal information C. the right to privacy of private communication.

(3) What are the violations of privacy? .

Spying into other people's private lives, spying into other people's secrets by reading diaries and opening letters privately, spreading other people's privacy through hearsay, and illegally using other people's personal information. , all belong to invasion of privacy.

(4) It is not infringement for law enforcement agencies to investigate and disclose the relevant information of the parties in accordance with the law for the public interest. (under what circumstances is there no infringement? )

⑤ How should we respect the privacy of others?

A respect the privacy of others, and establish a sense of privacy protection;

To respect the privacy of others, we need to strengthen our sense of responsibility and credibility.

Respect for privacy is a moral expectation, and people should respect each other's privacy.

⑥ How to safeguard the right to privacy according to law:

A natural result: the act of invading others' privacy is not only a violation of social morality, but also an illegal act, which should be investigated by law.

B safeguard the right to privacy according to law (what should we do when the right to privacy is violated? )

A should bravely take up legal weapons, negotiate with the infringer on its own, request judicial protection, and ask the infringer to stop the infringement and apologize;

B if it causes great mental pain, it also has the right to claim mental compensation.

Topic 2: Citizens' Rights and Duties in Education

First, cherish the right to education and consciously fulfill the obligation to receive education.

1. Cherish the right to education

The meaning of the right to education:

The right to education is a basic human right. The right to education means that citizens have the opportunity to receive national cultural education and the right to get material help from education.

② What is compulsory education?

Compulsory education is a national education that school-age children and adolescents must accept according to law and is guaranteed by the state, society, schools and families.

③ Three characteristics of compulsory education:

A mandatory b public welfare c unity

④ What is the status of the right to education? Why should we cherish it? )

The right to education is the basic right given to us by law and the foundation of our growth and development.

How are you going to protect your right to education?

China laws protect citizens' right to education. When our right to education is deprived or violated by others, we can take non-litigation or litigation to safeguard it.

2. How should junior high school students fulfill their obligation to receive education?

(1) As a student who is receiving nine-year compulsory education, there are three main things to fulfill the obligation of education.

First, earnestly fulfill the obligation to enter school on time;

Second, earnestly fulfill the obligation to accept compulsory education for a specified number of years and not drop out of school;

Third, earnestly fulfill the obligation of observing discipline and law, respect teachers, and strive to complete the prescribed learning tasks.

② How to improve junior high school students' learning ability?

In the process of learning, we should actively carry out autonomous learning, cooperative learning and inquiry learning, pay attention to developing good study habits and improve learning ability.

Topic 3 Consumer rights and interests

First, know the rights and interests enjoyed by consumers and know the ways to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

1. Rights enjoyed by consumers:

(1) security right.

The goods purchased and services received by consumers shall not endanger the safety of life and property.

② Right to know.

Have the right to know the real situation of the goods they buy and use or the services they receive.

3 independent choice.

Consumers have the right to choose the goods or services provided by operators independently;

B. independently choose product varieties or service methods;

Decide whether to buy any goods, accept or not accept any services.

(4) the right to fair trade.

When purchasing and using goods, consumers have the right to obtain fair trading conditions such as quality assurance, reasonable price and correct measurement, and have the right to refuse the compulsory trading behavior of operators.

(5) claim according to law.

When consumers buy or use commodities, if their legitimate rights and interests are infringed, they may demand compensation from the sellers. When consumers accept services, they can claim compensation from service providers.

⑥ Other rights:

The rights of association, education, respect for personal dignity and national customs, supervision, etc.

2. Legal ways to protect consumers' rights and interests

(a) negotiated settlement with the operator;

(2) Request the mediation of consumers' associations;

(three) to appeal to the relevant administrative departments

According to the arbitration agreement reached with the operator, submit it to an arbitration institution for arbitration;

(5) bring a suit in a people's court.

Topic 4: Make good use of the law to protect yourself.

First, understand the consistency of citizens' rights and obligations, and consciously fulfill their obligations.

1. In China, the rights and obligations of citizens are the same.

The meaning of (1) consistency:

Any citizen enjoys the rights stipulated by the Constitution and laws, and at the same time must fulfill the obligations stipulated by the Constitution and laws. Each of us is not only the subject of enjoying rights, but also the subject of fulfilling obligations.

② Conclusion (cause):

Therefore, we should not only strengthen the concept of rights, exercise and safeguard rights according to law, but also strengthen the concept of obligations and fulfill obligations according to law.

2. What are the three requirements for faithfully performing obligations? (How to faithfully perform obligations? )

We actively do what the law encourages us to do;

We must do it according to the requirements of the law;

We are determined not to do what is forbidden by law. Each of us should consciously fulfill our due obligations with the sense of responsibility as masters.

Second, learn to use legal weapons to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

1. There is a way to ask for help.

(1) non-litigation means, which is an effective means to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests.

② Two ways.

A. Reflect problems through relevant government departments, judicial organs, people's organizations and relevant social organizations, and seek help to solve problems.

Resolve disputes through mediation and arbitration and protect citizens' rights and interests.

2. Dare to go to court

Meaning: Litigation refers to litigation, which is a procedure for handling disputes presided over by the people's court and attended by interested parties.

② Status: Litigation is the most formal, authoritative and effective means to safeguard our legitimate rights and interests and the last barrier to protect our rights and interests.

③ Conditions of use

When our legitimate rights and interests are infringed, if we still can't solve the problem through other channels, or we think that we can only protect our rights and interests through litigation, then we must use litigation means to bravely sue the infringer in the people's court and seek justice through litigation.

Litigation is usually divided into three types: ① criminal litigation ② civil litigation ③ administrative litigation.

3. Be good at fighting

What is the significance of self-discipline, doing things according to law and safeguarding rights according to law?

We consciously exercise self-discipline, act according to law, and safeguard rights according to law, which can not only protect our healthy growth, but also safeguard the dignity of the law and social stability.

What should we do when our legitimate rights and interests are violated?

We should be good at using legal weapons to safeguard rights and fight against infringement.

What should we do when the rights and interests of the state, the collective and others are illegally violated?

We should also maintain it.

Some people say that cracking down on illegal and criminal acts is a matter for public security organs and adults, not for us teenagers, right? Why?

No, because all crimes are harmful to society, and it is the unshirkable responsibility of all citizens, including us teenagers, to crack down on crimes.

⑤ What should teenagers pay attention to when fighting criminals?

You should be brave and resourceful. Especially in the case of disparity in strength between the two sides, you should pay attention to wisdom, minimize unnecessary casualties, and strive to capture the crime skillfully on the premise of protecting yourself.

Topic 5 Rights and obligations of the Bank

Lesson 1 The Master of the Broad Rights of the State

1, the whole national emblem clearly reflects the nature of China as a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.

2. In China, as the masters of the country, how do people govern the country according to law?

In our country, people, as masters of the country, enjoy the power to manage the country entrusted by the Constitution. The people exercise the power to manage the country by electing deputies (that is, deputies to the National People's Congress), forming people's congresses at all levels, and then exercising the power to manage the country on behalf of the people.

3. Basic rights of citizens: It is a civil right stipulated by the Constitution. This is the most important and basic right of citizens.

4. "Are people and citizens the same thing?" "The prisoner is a citizen? Can they enjoy civil rights? "

People and citizens are not the same thing. Their differences are as follows: (P6 omitted)

Criminals (including those deprived of political rights) are all citizens of China as long as they have China nationality. However, people deprived of political rights can also enjoy civil rights, but they can't enjoy all rights (such as the right to vote and stand for election) and can't perform glorious obligations such as military service.

5. Nationality: refers to a person's nationality.

6. What are the basic rights of citizens? P9. The confirmation and guarantee of citizens' basic rights is the Constitution.

7. How to exercise civil rights correctly? (textbook p10-11,4 points. )

A. Citizens should respect the rights of others when exercising their rights;

B citizens shall not harm the interests of the state, society or collective when exercising their rights. Otherwise, it will be sanctioned by law;

C should be exercised within the scope permitted by law, but not beyond the scope permitted by law;

D. When citizens exercise their rights, they should do so in a legal way.

Freedom of speech should be restricted by law in two aspects: first, citizens should not use freedom of speech to insult or slander others; Second, citizens are not allowed to use freedom of speech to instigate or incite others to commit acts that endanger national security, undermine national unity, corrupt social morality and disrupt social order. Whoever publicly makes statements that are harmful to the interests of others and the public will bear legal responsibility for the consequences of his statements.

Lesson 2 "Our Duty"

1. Why do citizens have to fulfill their obligations while enjoying their rights?

Judging from the relationship between gain and pay, only pay can get. We can't just enjoy rights without fulfilling our obligations. We must fulfill our legal obligations. The Constitution stipulates: "Any citizen shall enjoy the rights stipulated by the Constitution and laws, and at the same time must fulfill the obligations stipulated by the Constitution and laws".

B from the perspective that everyone is both the subject of enjoying rights and the subject of fulfilling obligations. We should not only strengthen the concept of rights, exercise and safeguard rights according to law, but also strengthen the concept of obligations and fulfill obligations according to law.

C consciously fulfilling legal obligations is the specific requirement of patriotism put forward by our laws for our citizens; This is our "bounden duty" and an important manifestation of patriotism. We should carry forward the spirit of patriotism, express our patriotism with practical actions and fulfill our legal obligations.

2. What basic obligations should China citizens perform? (See textbook P 16)

3. Is it correct to understand that "I just want to enjoy my rights and don't want to fulfill my obligations"?

This view is wrong. The rights and obligations of China citizens are unified, indivisible, interdependent and consistent. Each of us is not only the subject of enjoying rights, but also the subject of fulfilling obligations. If you just want to enjoy your rights and don't want to fulfill your obligations, there is no way to guarantee everyone's rights. This requires citizens to correctly exercise their rights according to law and consciously fulfill their obligations.

4. Obligation: Obligation refers to the responsibility that every citizen should bear. It includes both legal obligations and moral obligations. Moral obligation means that members of society voluntarily assume moral responsibilities to others and society according to social moral norms.

5. The significance of consciously fulfilling moral obligations: it is conducive to the formation of warm and harmonious interpersonal relationships and can promote the civilization and progress of the whole society.

6. Relationship between legal obligation and moral obligation: (See the textbook P 17 "Related Links". )

7. Basic moral standards of China citizens: patriotism, law-abiding, courtesy, honesty, unity and friendliness, diligence and self-improvement, and dedication.

Theme 6 Property ownership

1. Property is divided into individual ownership, collective ownership and state ownership.

2. The lawful property of citizens includes: ① the lawful income of citizens; 2 houses; 3 savings; 4 daily necessities; 5 cultural relics; 5 reading materials; 7 trees; 8 livestock; (9) means of production that citizens are allowed by law to own; Attending other legal property.

3. What is property ownership?

Property ownership refers to the right of all people to possess, use, benefit and dispose of their property according to law.

B content: right of possession, right of use, right of income and right of disposition (in fact and in law).

4. Why should our laws protect citizens' property ownership?

The legitimate property of citizens is directly related to the food, clothing, housing and transportation of citizens themselves and their family members.

Effective protection of legal property and its ownership is of great significance for ensuring citizens' normal life, ensuring them to concentrate on production, work and study, and actively participating in socialist modernization. Therefore, China's laws clearly stipulate that the state protects citizens' legitimate property ownership.

5. The ways to protect citizens' legitimate property ownership are: civil legal means and criminal legal means.

6. What should citizens do when property ownership is infringed? (page 74)

7. What is a legacy? What three conditions must be met for inheritance? (page 76)

8. Legal heirs include: spouse, children, parents, brothers and sisters, grandparents and grandparents.

9, the order of inheritance is:

First order: spouse, children, parents;

B second order: brothers and sisters, grandparents, grandparents.

C after the beginning of inheritance, the first-order successor inherits, and the second-order successor does not inherit. If there is no successor in the first order or the successor in the first order renounces the right of inheritance, the successor in the second order shall inherit it.

10. China's inheritance methods include legal inheritance and testamentary inheritance. Testamentary succession takes precedence over legal succession.

1 1. What is testamentary succession?

Testamentary succession refers to the way that heirs inherit according to the will made by the decedent. The greatest advantage of testamentary succession is that the decedent can dispose of the property completely according to his own wishes.

12. What should we do when there is an inheritance dispute?

Don't submit to humiliation, strengthen the awareness of rights protection, learn to rely on social forces and use legal weapons to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests; (2) The heirs shall handle the inheritance through consultation in the spirit of mutual understanding, mutual accommodation, harmony and unity; ③ If negotiation fails, the people's mediation committee may mediate or bring a lawsuit to the people's court.

What is intellectual achievement?

Intellectual achievement refers to the labor achievement created by relying on people's mental labor. It is manifested in scientific and technological achievements, inventions and creations, and literary and artistic works.

13. What is the right to intellectual achievements? Intellectual property is also called intellectual property. It usually includes copyright, patent right and trademark right, as well as trade secrets in anti-unfair competition.

14. Important legal names for protecting the rights of intellectual achievements.

Laws include People's Republic of China (PRC) Copyright Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Patent Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Trademark Law, People's Republic of China (PRC) Anti-unfair Competition Law and so on.

15. What can you do to protect the rights of intellectual achievements?

When their intellectual achievements are infringed, they should use legal weapons to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

② We should also actively participate in the social protection of intellectual achievements, respect other people's mental work, and do nothing that infringes on other people's intellectual achievements.

Topic 7 Advocating fairness and justice

1, the importance of fairness:

Nowadays, the issue of fairness has become a hot issue of general concern. Fairness concerns everyone's vital interests. Fairness is an important prerequisite for maintaining good cooperation, and fairness is a social stabilizer.

2. Understanding of fairness:

People of different times, societies and classes have different understandings of fairness. Fairness embodies people's pursuit of freedom, respect for rights and affirmation of their own strength. (2) Fairness is a virtue. It knows how to act in a specific environment and how to do the best under what circumstances. ③ Fairness comes from comparison. (4) Fairness is in line with the times. Generally speaking, fairness in people's minds means that things should be handled reasonably, without favoring any party or one person.

That is, everyone involved in social cooperation should bear their share of responsibility and get the benefits they deserve, otherwise it is unfair.

3. What kind of psychology and behavior will you have if you are treated unfairly in social cooperation and communication? What are the psychological and behavioral hazards?

If people are treated unfairly in social cooperation and communication, they will feel wronged, angry and even retaliated. This kind of psychology and behavior reduces the trust between people, leading to the deterioration of the relationship between the two sides and the unsustainable cooperation; Will have a negative impact on economic development, and even bring a series of social problems, affecting the long-term stability of society.

4. What impact will fairness have on human development and social stability?

With fairness, society can provide equal rights and opportunities for human development, and the survival and development of every member of society can be guaranteed; With fairness, we can get what we deserve through honest labor and meet our reasonable expectations, thus fully mobilizing our enthusiasm. In this way, everyone in the whole society can perform their duties, do their best and get their place, and promote the sustainable development of society.

5. What are the restrictions on fair judgment? How should we face the unfair phenomena in real life?

The judgment of fairness is restricted by personal values and ways of thinking.

Facing the unfairness in life, ① strengthen the awareness of rights, be good at finding solutions, seek help and solve problems through legal means, in order to seek maximum fairness; ② Adjust the way of thinking and reflect on your own values rationally; Dare to fight against improper behavior and lend a helping hand to the victims.

6. What should you do when you see the following unfairness?

A when someone bullies: the road is bumpy, draw your sword to help.

B. When someone abuses his power, neglects his duty or misappropriates public funds: report and expose.

C. When someone rejects dissidents and does unjust things: speak up and lend a helping hand to the victims.

7. What kind of cooperation is good cooperation? Why?

Cooperation based on fairness is good cooperation. Because: in this kind of cooperation, people's enthusiasm and creativity are fully brought into play and their interests are guaranteed; At the same time, it also avoids unnecessary internal friction and promotes the efficient and harmonious operation of society.

Fair cooperation is bound to be mutually beneficial cooperation, and only fair and mutually beneficial cooperation is conducive to social stability and personal development. Establishing a sense of fairness and cooperation will help us integrate into society smoothly and make contributions to society.

★ uphold justice

1, looking forward to justice, justice is the common aspiration of all good people. Doing what is just and not doing what is unjust is the basic requirement of being a man.

2. What is a just act? What is unfair behavior?

In the social process, all acts that promote the progress and development of human society and safeguard the public interests and the legitimate interests of others are just acts; Any behavior that hinders the progress and development of human society and harms the public interests and the legitimate rights and interests of others is unjust.

3. What is a system? Where is the justice of the system reflected?

A system is a system composed of publicly announced procedures and rules. The justice of the system lies in that its procedures and rules are not formulated for a few people, but are designated for the benefit of all members of society. Everyone can benefit from the normal operation of the system rules, but also be bound by the greeting system rules. Without the support of the rules of the justice system, social fairness is difficult to achieve.

4. What's the function of justice and justice system society?

Justice ensures the safety of people's lives and property, enables people to survive and develop, and promotes social progress. Justice can avoid serious social differentiation through the regulation of the system, make our society develop healthily and continuously, and finally benefit every member of society. Make the relationship between people more harmonious.

5. What should we teenagers do to safeguard justice?

We should establish a sense of pride in consciously observing various social systems and rules from an early age, form a good habit of consciously observing various social systems and rules, and safeguard justice with practical actions. Seeing unjust things, we should not only have the spirit of being courageous, but also be good at being courageous and safeguard justice without hurting ourselves as much as possible.

6. How to be a person with a sense of justice?

(1) Be upright, upright, love and hate, upright, aboveboard, selfless and fearless.

(2) If injustice happens, we should take appropriate measures to stand up and fight, be brave, uphold justice, and give solidarity and help to the victims in time.

(3) Minors should have the spirit of being brave and have the skills to try their best to safeguard justice without hurting themselves.

We should not only strive for justice for ourselves and others, but also for collective justice and national justice.