In recent years, Guizhou's specialty agriculture has developed steadily, such as Chinese medicinal materials, summer and autumn off-season vegetables, peppers, potatoes, Kuding tea, citrus, pears, flowers, fragrant pigs, silky chickens, and wild osmanthus nectar. , special fisheries, etc. are emerging in the market with promising prospects, becoming a highlight in the adjustment of our province's agricultural structure.
Guizhou is one of the most suitable areas for growing Chinese medicinal materials in my country. Some of its products enjoy a high reputation in the country, and the production of Chinese medicinal materials has reached a certain scale. According to statistics from the Department of Agriculture in June 2003, 79 species of Gastrodia elata, Eucommia ulmoides, Ginkgo biloba, Pinellia ternata, Dendrobium, and Radix Pseudostellariae have been planted in the province, with a total remaining area of ??more than 1.07 million acres, laying a solid foundation for the production of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Guizhou. the basis of. There are 195 pharmaceutical industrial enterprises in the province, producing 256 Chinese patent medicines and ethnic medicines. In 2004, the total output value of the pharmaceutical industry above designated size was 6.308 billion yuan, accounting for 1.57% of the province's GDP. The development of the traditional Chinese medicine industry is not only a key industry for increasing agricultural efficiency and farmers' income in Guizhou, but also one of the pillar industries with the greatest potential to promote the province's economic development. It has an important impact on the modernization of my country's traditional Chinese medicine and competition in the international traditional Chinese medicine market.
At present, the national agricultural structural adjustment has accelerated the development of vegetables. Popular vegetable products have experienced seasonal and regional surpluses. The demand for vegetables has developed towards off-season, famous, high-quality, and pollution-free products. Guizhou's off-season vegetable production conditions in summer and autumn are very favorable. It has the advantage of being closest to major domestic consumption areas and sea ports, and has good development prospects. In 2004, the province's summer and autumn off-season vegetable commodity bases had a planting area of ??674,000 acres, producing 1.7 million tons of commercial vegetables, all of which were sold to South China and surrounding areas domestically. Some advantageous varieties were also exported to the European Union and Japan, achieving an output value of 1.19 billion yuan.
Guizhou is the hometown of peppers, with many high-quality varieties. In 2004, the planting area of ??dual-purpose peppers (fresh, dried and processed varieties) in Guizhou was 2.05 million acres, with an output of 1.33 million tons and an output value of 1.79 billion yuan. Dried chili pepper is the main product of Guizhou's chili industry and the main raw material for chili products. There are nearly 70 chili processing companies in the province. Chili products rank first in the national market share, and the output value of the processing industry has reached more than 900 million yuan. In particular, Guizhou's leading pepper processing company "Laoganma" Company's annual sales revenue in 2004 reached 620 million yuan, tax revenue of 75.21 million yuan, and profits of 134.69 million yuan, which played a great role in promoting local economic development.
Guizhou is one of the earliest provinces to grow potatoes in the country, and its annual planting area and output currently rank among the best in the country
. From 1999 to 2001, the province's potato planting area ranked second in the country after Inner Mongolia. Its total output ranked first in the country in 1999 and ranked second in the country from 2000 to 2001. The yield level also increased from 640 in 1990 to 1999. kg/mu increased to 860 kg/mu, ranking 16th in the country. In 2004, the potato planting area in the province reached more than 8.27 million acres, accounting for 18% of the province's grain planting area, becoming the third largest grain crop in the province. At the same time, our province has built a number of virus-free potato rapid propagation centers, forming an annual production capacity of nearly 30 million microtubers. The actual production has exceeded 8 million. The virus-free potato microtubers rapid propagation capacity has reached a considerable scale, providing A good foundation has been laid for the promotion of virus-free potatoes in the province and the improvement of potato yield levels. Guizhou has a long history of tea production, and tea has become one of the province's main advantageous and characteristic economic crops. At the end of 2004, the province's actual tea garden area was 667,700 acres, with a total tea output of 18,584 tons. At present, the province's primary tea processing capacity exceeds 10,000 tons, and its refined processing capacity is close to 10,000 tons. Tea wholesale markets with a certain scale of trading volume include Guizhou Tea Wholesale Market, Guiyang Taisheng Tea Wholesale Market, Southwest Tea City in Meitan County, and Duyun City Tea Professional Wholesale Market. There are more than 50 famous and high-quality tea brands above the provincial level such as "Duyun Maojian" in the province. In addition, the development momentum of Guizhou Kuding tea is also relatively good. The current annual production capacity has reached 150-200 tons, and the product has been in short supply.
Among high-quality fruits, citrus and pears have more prominent advantages.
In 2003, there were 523,900 acres of citrus fruit trees in the province, with an output of 135,300 tons, accounting for 35.52% of the total fruit area and 24.30% of the total fruit output. Both area and output ranked first in each country. Among them, there are 100,000 acres of ponkans, 40,000 acres of navel oranges, 50,000 acres of high-quality pomelos, and about 280,000 acres of poor quality varieties such as Owari Wenzhou mandarins.
Four brands have obtained provincial high-quality agricultural products certification, and two brands have obtained national green food certification.
In 2003, the pear tree cultivation area was 465,000 acres, accounting for 30.06% of the province's fruit area, and the output was 97,900 tons, accounting for 22.36% of the province's total fruit output. Pear trees are commercially cultivated in every county (city, district) in the province. Most of the cultivated varieties are Japanese varieties of sand pear system or varieties related to Japanese pears and local sand pear varieties. "Golden Autumn Pear" is about 250,000 acres. , "Xiannan", "Pingba No. 20", "Changjulang" and other 130,000 acres, and "Huanghuali" 30,000 acres. High-quality pear production areas have been initially formed in central Guizhou, eastern Guizhou, and northwestern Guizhou, and five provincial high-quality agricultural product brands including "Miaojiang", "Jingu", "Wujiang", "Shanmeizi" and "Leigongshan" have been created. Fruit income has become the main source of cash income for 400,000 farmers, and the pear industry has become a pillar industry in some counties and cities.
The flower industry in our province has quietly emerged, especially since the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", with the continuous development of our province's national economy, the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the implementation of the Western Development Strategy and the strategic adjustment of the agricultural industry structure , our province's flower industry shows a good momentum of rapid development. According to statistics, by 2004, the province's flower area, including fresh cut flowers, potted flowers, potted foliage plants, bonsais, edible medicinal flowers, green ornamental seedlings, lawns, etc., covered more than 90,000 acres. Among them, the area of ??fresh cut flowers is 1,863 acres, and the sales volume is 44.116 million; the area of ??potted flowers is 5,766 acres, and the sales volume is 5.727 million pots; the area of ??potted foliage plants is 1,692 acres, and the sales volume is 1.583 million pots; edible and medicinal products mainly including honeysuckle, lily, etc. The flower area is 63,081 acres; the ornamental seedling area is 14,881 acres, and the lawn is 72,440 square meters. The province has 74,936 square meters of flower cultivation facilities, 314 flower enterprises, including 68 large enterprises, 11,163 employees in the flower industry, 3,233 flower farmers, and 79 flower markets. In 2004, the sales volume of self-produced flowers in the province was 205 million yuan. Judging from the province's flower layout and sales, the flower industry development in Guiyang City has begun to take shape. The flower production area accounts for 50% of the province's flower production area. A flower market centered on Guiyang City is taking shape. Among fresh cut flowers, varieties such as gerbera and calla lily have basically occupied the main market in the province due to their good quality and high yield.
Guizhou fragrant pig is a rare and excellent miniature local pig breed in my country. In 2002, the total number of fragrant pigs mainly in Congjiang County, the central production area, reached 120,000, of which 25,000 were basic sows. , its production area gradually extends outward from the Moon Mountain area in the west of Congjiang River. In terms of product sales, we should base ourselves on the province, face the whole country, and go to the world. At present, it has established domestic sales networks in Guizhou, Hunan, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other places, and signed a long-term supply contract with the American ABA Group, showing good market prospects.
Guizhou Silky Chicken has excellent quality, high medicinal and health value, edible value and economic value, and has good market competitiveness and development prospects. The varieties are mainly bred from the black-bone chicken group among the excellent local chicken breeds in Guizhou, including black-feather bantam black-bone chicken, Zhuxiang black-bone chicken, Xiaoxiang black-bone chicken and Wumeng black-bone chicken. After research and determination, the meat is rich in essential amino acids, vitamins and macro and trace elements for the human body, and has excellent medicinal and health care value. In addition to the advantages of "earthy, fragrant and black", these black-bone chickens also have their own characteristics. Take Xiaoxiang black-bone chicken as an example: it has the characteristics of "small, earthy, fragrant, and black". It is small in size, tender in texture, and delicious in flavor. The soup contains a special sweet and milky flavor, and has excellent edible value. These characteristics are fully in line with today's consumer market's pursuit of delicious food and health care value, as well as the changes in the consumption structure brought about by the downsizing of family structures. In the past three years, "Dong Small Fragrant Black-bone Chicken" has become a unique brand with a price of 32-36 yuan/kg. In 2000, Guizhou produced nearly 2 million black-bone chickens annually, with an annual output of more than 2,800 tons of black-bone chickens. Accounting for approximately 4% of chicken production. Compared with the annual output of more than 700,000 pieces in 1990, it has increased by about 180%. The average annual growth rate is 18%. It has promoted the development of Guizhou's chicken industry and enriched the vegetables for urban and rural people.
Wild osmanthus in Guizhou Province is mainly produced in Jinping, Tianzhu, Jianhe, Liping, Congjiang, Rongjiang and other counties in Southeast Guizhou Prefecture.