Question 1: What subjects does bank credit include? Bank credit covers all aspects of personal necessities, food, housing and transportation, and is the manifestation of credit in daily life.

1. Personal monthly income, this item is related to the applicant’s quota.

2. Education level, bachelor degree or above, the success rate of card removal is higher.

3. Work situation. If you are currently unemployed, it is recommended to apply again after 6 months after finding a job. Without a job, it is difficult for banks to approve cards.

4. In the case of breach of trust, if the cardholder has a record of overdue repayment, it is recommended to pay off the debt, continue to use the card, cover up the bad credit record, and apply for a credit card again after 24 months.

Question 2: Does anyone know what items bank credit and commercial credit include? It’s urgent. Thank you! Bank credit refers to using banks as intermediaries to raise monetary funds through deposits and other methods. Loan Introduction Bank credit is credit provided by banks or other financial institutions in the form of currency. Bank credit was born with modern banks and developed on the basis of commercial credit. Bank credit and commercial credit together constitute the main body of credit relations in modern economic society.

Unlike commercial credit, bank credit is indirect credit. In bank credit, the bank acts as a credit medium. Marx described it this way: "Bankers have concentrated loan money capital in their own hands so much that industrial capitalists and commercial capitalists are opposed. They are not individual money lenders, but bankers as representatives of all lenders. Bankers On the one hand, banks represent the concentration of money capital, the lenders. On the other hand, it represents the concentration of borrowers. ”

Characteristics Compared with commercial credit, bank credit has the following characteristics:

1. Bank credit is provided in the form of currency. What banks lend out is no longer commodity capital in the industrial capital circulation process, but temporarily idle monetary capital separated from the industrial capital circulation process. It overcomes the limitations of commercial credit in quantity and scale;

2. The borrowers and lenders of bank credit are money capitalists and functional capitalists. Since credit is provided in the form of currency, this overcomes the limitations of commercial credit in the direction of use;

3. At each stage of the industrial cycle, the dynamics of bank credit and the dynamics of industrial capital are often different. consistent.

4. The essence of bank credit is the credit relationship between the owner of monetary capital and functional capital through the bank as an intermediary.

5. Bank credit may break through the limitations of commercial credit and expand the scope and scale of credit [1]

Advantages 1. Overcome the limitations of commercial credit.

Upstream companies lend money to downstream companies, and downstream companies can also lend money to upstream companies. Small amounts can be gathered into large amounts, or large amounts can be dispersed into small amounts. Meet the different needs of long-term, medium-term and short-term loans.

2. Large scale, low cost and low risk.

3. Ability to create credit.

Loans are provided to enterprises, and enterprises can lend again to other enterprises as needed.

Sources of funds Bank credit is mainly reflected in funds. The main sources of bank funds include: ① Own funds. Western commercial banks’ own funds generally consist of stock capital and surplus accumulation. Chinese professional banks’ own funds It is composed of national fiscal appropriations and surplus accumulation; ② Deposits can be divided into demand deposits, time deposits, special deposits, etc. from the deposit period and purpose, and from the deposit subject can be divided into corporate deposits, bank deposits and personal deposits; ③Issuance of bank bonds. Bank bonds are a kind of credit currency. Initially, general commercial banks can issue them. After the central bank system is established, their issuance rights are monopolized by the central bank. Although commercial banks have lost their issuance rights, since the central bank is the lender of last resort for commercial banks and commercial banks have insufficient funding sources, they can obtain financial facilities from the central bank. In addition, with the development of the capitalist commodity economy, idle funds of enterprises and society have increased. Commercial banks can basically solve the problem of capital utilization by absorbing deposits and creating check deposits.

Under China's highly centralized and unified management system, the issuance of RMB serves as the source of credit funds for the People's Bank of China. After it exclusively performs its functions as a central bank, most of the issuance of RMB is used for re-lending to specialized banks.

Fund operations ① Loans; ② Gold and silver foreign exchange accounts; ③ Fiscal overdrafts and borrowings. Among them, loans account for the vast majority of bank funds. In China, loans accounted for 89.3% of bank funds in 1989.

Status Bank credit is indirect credit and serves as an intermediary for depositors and lenders. However, as an intermediary, banks are different from general commercial brokers and securities brokers. In addition to receiving interest on a regular basis, depositors have no right to interfere with how the bank uses the deposited funds. For this reason, banks are simple intermediaries in a capitalist economy. Gradually develop into a "universal monopoly". In capitalist society, bank credit is the main body, but commercial credit is the foundation of the entire credit system. Because bank loans are generally mortgages or discounts on commercial bills, credit loans directly issued by banks to enterprises without any collateral only account for a certain proportion. From the perspective of the relationship between direct credit and indirect credit, direct credit is the foundation and indirect credit is the backing. Without the support of bank credit, commercial bills cannot be converted into bank credit, and the application and development of direct credit such as commercial credit will be greatly weakened.

Bank's Credit Ratin......>>

Question 3: What are the forms of bank credit and national credit? The main characteristics of bank credit are: Bank credit Belongs to indirect credit; in bank credit, banks act as credit media; bank credit is developed on the basis of commercial credit, which overcomes the limitations of commercial credit. Bank credit greatly exceeds the Commercial credit; the carrier of bank credit is monetary funds. In the future, my country's bank credit system should be reformed to make it the dominant basic form of credit in our economy. First, the credit method should be reformed to increase the share of guaranteed loans and mortgage loans; secondly, Improve loan management, implement a system of separation of review, loan and inspection powers, and centralize credit approval authority.

The direct purpose of national credit is to compensate for the liabilities formed by the state as a debtor. The fiscal deficit can also play a role in regulating the economy in economic operations. In the future, our country should make full use of the form of national credit, vigorously issue treasury bills and special debts, and play the role of national credit as a fiscal policy tool to regulate our country's economic aggregate. and various economic structures.

Question 4: What are the forms of bank credit? Give examples. During holidays, banks are promoting "interest-free installment payment". . At the same time, citizens’ credit card consumption has also increased significantly. However, after the holiday, many citizens discovered that the interest-free installment payment was not as favorable as it sounds, and the credit card fees were still charged. Although installment repayment is interest-free, it is not exempt from handling fees. Sometimes, the handling fees are even higher than the current bank loan interest.

According to interviews with reporters, many consumers mistakenly believe that "0 interest" is used. It is completely free. In fact, each bank will charge a handling fee of about 0.65% to 15%. Moreover, there is a difference between one-time charging and periodic charging. It is often easy to save less money when repaying, which will lead to a bad credit record after the payment is overdue.

In addition, interest-free does not mean that late payment fees are waived, which is often ignored by many cardholders. During holidays, some banks will temporarily increase credit card limits by 20%. For example, the usual overdraft limit of 10,000 yuan will be temporarily increased to 12,000 yuan. At this time, cardholders must pay attention to the increased overdraft portion when repaying. If the payment is overdue, a 5% over-limit fee will be charged.

Is interest-free installment payment by credit card really profitable?

FAQ on installment payment:

1. What fees are required for installment payment?

[Case] ??Mr. Lin: For the convenience of work, I really want to buy a laptop, but my funds are limited. If I pay in installments, I will only spend a few dollars per month. A hundred dollars, a lot less pressure.

So, do I need to pay handling fees and interest if I pay in installments?

Business Daily: Most bank installment payment service fees are based on the length of the period, such as 3 periods, 6 periods, 12 periods, etc. Generally, the longer the term, the higher the handling fee standard. However, the longer the credit card installment period of China Construction Bank and Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, the lower the handling fee. For example, CCB's monthly handling fee for the 3-month term is 0.7%, and the monthly handling fee for the 6-month and 12-month terms is 0.6%. There are also some bank fees that are highest for the shortest period and the longest period, and lowest for the middle period. The Bank of Communications stipulates rates based on the amount rather than the number of installments. The larger the single amount of installment purchases, the lower the handling fee. For Agricultural Bank of China, the handling fee is fixed at 0.6% per month regardless of the consumption amount or the number of installments.

In addition, there are two ways for banks to collect handling fees. One is to collect handling fees on an average monthly basis, which is adopted by Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank, etc.; the other is when paying the down payment. One-time collection, represented by ICBC and Bank of China.

In addition, some banks require advance application when choosing installment payment. For example, China Merchants Bank must conduct an evaluation on the cardholder before granting the installment amount and prescribed handling rate.

Although installment payments can ease the pressure of paying in one lump sum, the total price of the item purchased may be higher than the prevailing market price.

It should be noted that when using a credit card to pay for purchases in installments, interest is only waived if the cardholder repays the full amount on time. If repayment is not made on time or in full, interest will accrue. Once you choose to repay the minimum payment, you will also have to pay interest on the total transaction amount for that month. (Meng Fanxia, ??Beijing Business Daily)

2. How to calculate the credit card installment fee?

In the early days of the credit card installment business, banks often promoted it under the banner of "interest-free", and indeed many citizens were "fooled". In fact, interest-free is not free, it’s just called something different. Generally speaking, the one-year credit card installment fee is lower than the annual cash withdrawal interest of 18% and higher than the bank's one-year commercial loan interest of 5.31%. It is worth mentioning that commercial bank loan interest rates have been reduced many times, but the standards for credit card installment fees and cash withdrawal interest have rarely changed.

Although the credit card installment fee standards of each bank are different, the calculation method is roughly the same. Assume that the installment amount is 1,200 yuan, divided into 12 installments, with each installment (monthly) repayment of 100 yuan, the handling fee is 0.6%/month, and the actual monthly deduction is 101200×0.6%=107.2 yuan. If other factors are not considered, the convertible nominal annual interest rate is 7.2%. However, the cardholder does not always owe the bank 1,200 yuan. In the last month, he actually only owed the bank 100 yuan, but the bank still charged a handling fee of 1,200 yuan. . According to calculations, the true annual interest rate paid by cardholders is approximately 15.48%.

3. Should I choose a big bank or a small bank for installment payment?

Due to the different customer resources and brand maturity of various banks, their service fee levels are also different, or even quite different.

Statistics show that the handling fees of small banks with low market share also...>>

Question 5: What items are included in bank credit in the balance sheet 1 Profit and loss statement

< p> To analyze the company's profit and loss in a certain period, the indicators generally include profit and profit rate. The profit reflects the absolute number of profits achieved by the company in a certain period. The amount of profit reflects the company's comprehensive economic benefits in a certain period, which is a way to evaluate profits. An important indicator of the completion of the plan; profit margin mainly analyzes the profit level.

2. Balance sheet

Analyzes the economic resources owned or controlled by the enterprise on a certain date. Existing debts assumed and the owner's claim on net chicken production. The indicators mainly look at current assets, long-term investments, fixed assets, intangible and other assets, reflecting the balance of various assets owned or controlled by the company.

Look at various current liabilities and long-term liabilities, which reflect the debts borne by the company on a certain date.

Look at the paid-in capital, capital reserve, surplus reserve, and undistributed profits, which reflect the company's debt on a certain date. Net assets owned by investors

Question 6: What are the top banks in China? Can I apply for an overdraft credit card? Cross-regional domestic banks

Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Merchants Bank, Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank

Bank of China, China Minsheng Bank, China Everbright Bank, CITIC Bank

Bank of Communications, Industrial Bank Shanghai Pudong Development Bank People's Bank of China

Huaxia Bank Shenzhen Development Bank Guangdong Development Bank China Development Bank

Xiamen International Bank Export-Import Bank of China Agricultural Development Bank of China Bank of Beijing

< p> Bank of Shanghai Postal Savings Bank of China

Cross-regional foreign banks

Citibank China HSBC Bank of China Standard Chartered Bank of China Hong Kong HSBC Bank

Standard Chartered (Hong Kong) Bank Bank of America Bank of East Asia China website Hang Seng Bank

Overseas Chinese Bank ABN Amro Orix BNP Paribas

American Express Bank of Montreal Bank of Montreal

In addition In addition, there are also urban commercial banks, rural cooperatives, etc.

Large-scale credit cards generally allow overdraft credit cards

Question 7: What credit cards are there? China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Shenzhen Development Bank, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, Postal Service, People's Livelihood, Transportation, Investment Promotion, Industrial Development, China Everbright, Huaxia

Question 8: What are the main forms of credit? 5 points 1. Commercial credit

Commercial credit refers to the form of credit provided by enterprises to each other and directly related to commodity transactions. Such as inter-enterprise credit sales and prepayment of goods, etc. In the process of commercial credit, it is generally necessary to "establish the letter as evidence" as proof of the creditor-debt relationship, such as commercial bills. The positive meaning of commercial credit is to help promote product sales, but it has limitations of limited scope.

2. Bank credit

Bank credit refers to the credit provided by banks to enterprises or individuals in the form of currency, which includes three aspects: First, banks raise idle funds from all aspects of society by absorbing deposits and handling settlements; The second is to use the funds raised through loans and other forms; the third is that banks provide credit guarantees for both parties to commodity transactions, such as providing letters of guarantee, letter of credit services, etc., which are also guaranteed by the monetary funds held by banks.

Bank credit is currently the main form of credit, which can make up for the lack of commercial credit and is an important means for the country to regulate the economy.

3. National credit

National credit refers to the borrowing behavior of the government. The main form is the issuance of bonds by the government to raise funds. The instruments of national credit are public bonds and treasury bills, as well as *** external guarantees, etc.

*** There are two situations in which bonds are issued: one is the issuance of short-term treasury bills with a term of less than one year, with the purpose of solving the contradiction of fiscal expenditure first and revenue later; the other is the issuance of long-term public bonds to raise funds Make up for the fiscal deficit of the current year or make long-term investments.

In the modern economy, national credit is closely related to bank credit: either enterprises, units and individuals use bank deposits to purchase national bonds; or banks and other financial institutions directly purchase national bonds. In either case, there is a mutual influence between fiscal debt revenue and expenditure and bank funds.

4. Consumer credit

Consumer credit refers to the credit provided by enterprises or financial institutions to individual consumers, which is generally used directly for daily consumption. There are two types of consumer credit: one is similar to commercial credit, in which companies provide consumer funds to consumers on credit or installment payments; the other is bank credit, in which banks and other financial institutions provide funds to consumers in the form of mortgage loans. The main function of consumer credit is to promote the circulation of commodities and guide residents’ consumption:

5. Private credit

Private credit refers to the credit provided by individuals to each other in currency or in kind.

Question 9: What are the consequences of bank credit stains? The People's Bank of China will delete bad credit records after 5 years. It will be difficult to apply for credit cards and bank loans before the bad records are deleted.

Question 10: What are the advantages of bank credit compared with commercial credit? Bank credit is produced and developed on the basis of commercial banks. Bank credit overcomes the limitations of commercial credit and is used in modern commodities. Under the economic situation, bank credit has advantages over commercial credit in terms of scale, scope, and term. In recent decades, bank credit has continued to develop, and lending capital has gradually concentrated in the hands of large banks, and later served large monopoly organizations. Promote the integration of bank capital. Bank credit has become the most basic and dominant form of credit in the second generation economy.