The public bicycle system originated in the Netherlands in 1965
At the end of the 18th century, the Frenchman Sifrak invented the earliest bicycle. In the following decades, after continuous improvement by Europeans, a truly modern bicycle was born in 1874. However, Europeans' contribution to the bicycle industry does not stop there. The Dutch first tried to enjoy the bicycle mode. In 1965, a group of young people in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, put some bicycles painted white and unlocked in public areas for people to use for free, which was called "White Bicycle Project". This brave attempt is generally regarded as the earliest origin of the public bicycle system in the world. It was not until the mid-199s that a new generation of bicycle-sharing projects reappeared. People used magnetic cards to rent bicycles, and then this model gradually became popular all over the world.
As early as 189, the Netherlands began to build the world's first bicycle lane, and then it has been continuously expanded and improved. Up to now, the Netherlands has formed bicycle-only roads with a total length of more than 35, kilometers, accounting for 3.6% of the total length of roads in the Netherlands, and the length of bicycle roads per capita ranks first in the world. At the same time, the Netherlands has a perfect bicycle guidance system, which provides information such as location, distance and direction, which provides great convenience for cycling. Bicycle signs are painted with bicycle signs, which are uniformly in red on a white background and contain information such as location, distance and direction. In addition, in order to facilitate the parking of bicycles, the Netherlands has been committed to building bicycle parking lots in recent ten years.
At present, the population of the Netherlands is 16 million, and there are as many as 17 million bicycles. The government strongly advocates bicycle as a means of transportation, and has also formulated relevant policies. Special bicycle lanes are spread all over the country, and the Ministry of Communications has also formulated a unified standard for the construction of special lanes: bicycles have absolute priority in the use of roads compared with motor vehicles or even mopeds; Public transportation is connected with bicycle transportation facilities; Leaders take the lead in cycling; Cyclists usually have a certain reduction or exemption when paying taxes; There are special bicycle repair points for free use; Encourage the connection between trains and bicycles. There are bicycle rental offices next to most railway stations in the Netherlands, and you can get certain discounts with valid train tickets.
Holland luminous bicycle lane
Take Amsterdam as an example. This ancient and super-developed city is divided into numerous lattice blocks by rivers, and houses are built along the rivers. Without the problem of population explosion, the government will not destroy the layout and buildings of the old city, and with the strict control of motor vehicles, such urban planning naturally makes bicycles the most suitable means of transportation. Cycling is a normal life of Amsterdam people, just like eating. Cycling on weekdays and boarding on weekends. About 4% of the traffic in Amsterdam is borne by bicycles. Tourists and residents can use a public bicycle for 4 hours for free, and they will be charged on time for overtime, which is low in cost.
how do the French play with public bicycles?
At present, there are 37 cities in France that have established public bicycle systems, and the number of public bicycles is more than 45,. In 27, 1, bicycles were put into use in Paris, and 75 stations were set up, which quickly doubled. Cycling in Paris has attracted 224, members, the number of cyclists has increased by 41%, and the total number of cyclists used in Paris has reached 13 million times every year. One in three cyclists in Paris rides a public bicycle.
France is also the first country in the world to successfully implement the public bicycle rental project. As early as 1974, the French city of La Roscher launched the "Little Yellow Car" project, and these bicycles were initially completely free for citizens to use. Thirty years later, another French city, Lyon, also launched the world's first bicycle rack controlled by computer and Velov, a bicycle rental project with membership card system, which started the third generation bicycle trend featuring high-tech application. However, the most famous bicycle case in France should also belong to the Paris bicycle rental system Velib, which was born in 27. It is worth noting that the word Velib is a combination of "Velo" and "liberte" in French. In fact, this project has always practiced this concept-both Paris citizens and sojourners can enjoy unlimited use by paying an annual rent of 29 euros (equivalent to the cost of taking 2 subways in Paris).
The total length of bicycle lanes in Paris, France, is 371km, which is distributed in the streets and alleys of Paris. There are 145 car rental points in the city, and there is an online rental station every 2 meters in the urban area, which can be returned at any station after leasing. Car renters can rent bicycles with their cards at bicycle rental points. If they use them for less than half an hour at a time, they can enjoy free cycling treatment, but they will charge 1 euro for half an hour to one hour, 2 euros for one hour to one and a half hours, and 4 euros for every half hour after one and a half hours. This kind of gradual fare increase is to hope that cyclists can return their cars to the nearest rental point in the shortest possible time, so as to facilitate others' use, and at the same time advocate the concept of "riding with you and returning it quickly after riding". In addition, every car is printed with a "cycling convention": "I don't ride on the sidewalk, obey traffic lights and stop signs, take people by bike or ride backwards."
more than 5 cities around the world have established public bicycle systems
At present, public bicycle systems have been established in 535 cities in at least 49 countries around the world, and even Dubai, which is extremely rich, has established public bicycle systems in February 213.
The Danish government has advocated "green traffic" for many years. In Copenhagen, the bicycle lane is more than 4 kilometers. Anyone can use this kind of bicycle by putting 2 kroner (about 2 RMB) coins in the eyelet of the chain, then lock it in any parking place after use, and just take out the coins. One third of office workers use bicycles. The bicycle rental industry in Denmark is also very developed, and the cost of renting a car is 4 to 6 kroner per day. In Copenhagen, there are about 15 free bicycle rental points in the city center, all of which are paid by the merchants, who can also advertise themselves on bicycle racks without spending taxpayers' money. According to a 12-hour survey, the average idle time of a bicycle is only 8 minutes, which shows its popularity.
The bicycle rental business in Britain is also very developed, with rental companies all over the country, and many foreign tourists use bicycles to travel around Britain. There are 273 miles (about 439.35 kilometers) of bicycle lanes in the capital London, half of which were built after 2. In 21, the then mayor of London, Boris Johnson, followed the example of Paris and launched a bicycle rental service on the streets of London, namely the Barclays Bicycle Scheme in London. Some details of this plan are almost the same as those of Velib. The only difference is that bicycle rental in Paris is sponsored by private companies in exchange for advertising on bicycles, but the public bicycle business in London is supported by local government taxes. Its car rental system is relatively mature, and it operates 24 hours a day. When a user arrives at a rental point by bike and finds that there is no space to park, he can directly search for nearby parking spaces on the touch screen. Generally, there will be a next rental point when it is not more than 3 meters. At the same time, he can click on the option of finding a parking space with a grace period of 15 minutes on the touch screen, which can save the rental fee for finding the next parking space. You have to pay a starting price to rent a car. If you return the car to the corresponding rental point within 3 minutes, it will be free. For more than 3 minutes and less than 6 minutes, it will only cost 1 pound (about 8.5 yuan RMB). After more than 3 hours, the cost will rise sharply to avoid the bicycle being seized by some people. Fees are mainly collected by credit cards and debit cards, so users must be at least 18 years old to purchase and rent, but anyone over 14 years old can use bicycles. In 216, 11,5 bicycles in London were equipped with blaze laser lights, which can make cyclists more eye-catching at night and improve safety. The laser projection lamp is not an ordinary lamp, it will project a green symbol on the ground in front of the car. Most bicycle traffic accidents happen when the car turns in front of the bicycle, because the driver fails to notice the bicycle at this time. This simple symbol projected on the ground can ensure the safety of cycling at night.
Britain's bicycle rental system
new york's huge urban bicycle * * * enjoyment system was officially put into service on May 27th, 213 after a long period of preparation. New york citizens and tourists from the United States and all over the world can easily use 6, bicycles from 3 unattended parking spots to go to work, school, shopping, exercise and travel in new york, adding a green and healthy mode of transportation to new york. The United States Senate passed a bill to encourage employers to subsidize employees who ride bicycles to work for $4 to $1 a month with tax incentives. The popularity of bicycles has also led to the rise of new waiters in some cities in the United States. For example, some cities have begun to set up bicycle service stations to provide services such as parking, maintenance, showering and changing clothes, which can be used after paying a certain membership fee.
in June, 21, Australia introduced the first municipal bicycle * * * enjoyment system in Melbourne-Melbourne bicycle * * * enjoyment system mbs. Mbs mainly serves Melbourne's Central Business District, in which bicycle stations and bicycles belong to the municipal government, and Royal Victoria Automobile Club participates in the operation in a public-private partnership. At the beginning of its implementation, Melbourne Bicycle Sharing System experienced a low "attendance rate". As of May 211, its users used it 13, times a month, which was lower than the target of 25, times a month. The law that cyclists must wear helmets is the main reason for this phenomenon. In the 199s, Australia began to implement the mandatory regulation of wearing bicycle helmets. As the first country in the world to implement the regulation of "eating crabs", cyclists who don't wear helmets will be punished. Over the years, the debate on this regulation has never stopped, and many people hope to relax or cancel it. One of the reasons is that if wearing a helmet is not mandatory, more people will be willing to participate in cycling, which will have a positive impact on health, traffic and the environment. However, under the premise that the law has not been abolished, the Victorian government has not given up the implementation of the * * * bicycle-sharing plan. In November 21, the Victorian government began to provide helmet rental services at some stations in an attempt to increase the utilization rate and "attendance rate" of helmets. In 213, the Victorian government further tried to enjoy free helmets, and some of the handlebars enjoyed bicycles were hung with helmets.
Further reading:
How to solve the problem of car theft in France
The road to success in enjoying bicycle Velib in France is not smooth sailing.
8% of the 1, Velib bicycles originally put into Paris were destroyed or stolen, and many of them were dumped into the Seine River and even smuggled overseas. According to the analysis of the insiders, the deliberate destruction of public bicycles should be related to social injustice and other governance issues-Velib, which is regarded as the product of the ruling privilege of the middle class, has become a tool for the people at the bottom of Paris to vent their anger. In response to this problem, Velib is also a chess player: on the one hand, the Paris municipal government has reached an agreement with operators to spend 4 million euros every year to update and repair damaged bicycles; On the other hand, the company reduced the price of the system to make more blue-collar workers have a sense of belonging to the system. The annual membership fee of Velib is the lowest among almost all large cities in the world. Compared with new york's 95 euros, London's 9 euros and Barcelona's 48 euros, the annual fee of Velib29 euros meets the starting point of blue-collar car rental. In addition, Velib encourages people to return their bicycles to designated places by giving away free use time.
why should we develop public bicycles?
ease traffic congestion and reduce traffic accidents. A private car is driving on the roads in the city, and its occupation area is about 2 times that of a bicycle. With more people riding bicycles, there are fewer cars on the road, the traffic is smooth, and the traffic accident rate is reduced.
improve air quality and improve public health. Urban air pollution mainly comes from automobile exhaust. Cycling does not consume any fuel, but only human fat. It is a real "green trip". Cycling is a kind of fitness exercise in itself. A study in the United States shows that the health of people who commute by bike is obviously better than that of people who drive private cars, while those who give up private cars and commute by bike lose about 5 kilograms on average in the first year.
cut government expenditure and promote economic growth. Cities have invested a lot of money to control air pollution, and the development of public bicycles can save the funds for air pollution control and reduce the burden on taxpayers. In addition, the wear and tear of cars on roads is much greater than that of bicycles. The development of public bicycles can reduce the wear and tear on roads, prolong the service life of roads and save government investment in road maintenance and reconstruction. In addition, an American study pointed out that riding a bicycle once will create $ 7~14 for the local economy, because 44% of people claim that if there is no bicycle, they will cancel some outdoor activities, and most of these activities are entertainment, socializing and eating out, which creates GDP.
Save travel burden and improve family happiness. Bicycles are the same as cars. First of all, there is no purchase and holding cost, and there is no need to worry about personal storage, inflation and maintenance. The riding cost is low, and most people can reach their destination in free time. According to the research report of American Automobile Association, in Washington, D.C., if the total mileage of commuting is 16,1 kilometers a year, riding a public bicycle can save $7,8 only from the depreciation and gasoline cost of private cars, and investing the saved money in education, culture, entertainment and fitness will make families happier.