1, blood glucose level during pregnancy
The normal fasting blood glucose of pregnant women is 3.1-5.6 mmol/L. However, the blood glucose value of normal pregnant women is generally lower than the normal value, rarely exceeding 5.6 mmol/L, and the fasting blood glucose is often 3.3 ~ 4.4 mmol/L.
The latest diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes mellitus are: fasting blood glucose ≥5. 1mmol/L, 75g glucose tolerance test ≥ 1h ≥ 10.0mmol/L, 2h ≥ 8.5mmol/l. ..
2. Causes of hyperglycemia
1, hormones hinder insulin secretion. During pregnancy, the placenta will secrete hormones that resist insulin production, resulting in decreased insulin secretion, which may lead to hyperglycemia during pregnancy.
2. Irrational diet and obesity. For example, excessive intake of high-sugar and high-fat foods during pregnancy leads to overweight of pregnant women and affects islet function, and the hypoglycemic activity of insulin will be seriously reduced, leading to hyperglycemia.
She is pregnant and has a family history of diabetes. Both of these conditions increase the risk of hyperglycemia during pregnancy.
3. How to control blood sugar
Once the blood sugar is detected to exceed the standard, under the guidance of a doctor, the blood sugar can usually be controlled within a satisfactory range by controlling diet and appropriate exercise therapy.
4. Diet control
1. It is recommended to eat a small amount every day and divide the food into 5-6 meals, because eating too much at one time will lead to a rapid increase in blood sugar, and fasting for too long will lead to hunger ketosis in pregnant women.
2. Avoid sugar, sugar, fructose, glucose, rock sugar, honey, chocolate, maltose drinks and sweets. You can drink two cups of milk every day to supplement enough calcium.
Eat less meat and more vegetables. Fruit should be eaten between meals. Fruits with high sugar content, such as sugarcane, watermelon, cantaloupe, cantaloupe and cherry, should be avoided. Eat more foods rich in dietary fiber, such as celery, pumpkin, carrots, etc.
5. Exercise therapy
Proper exercise helps to improve insulin sensitivity and control blood sugar. Pregnant women should do some exercise outdoors. Exercise should be around 1 hour after meals, and the duration should not be too long, generally 20 ~ 30 minutes is more appropriate. Sports events should be more relaxing and less intense, such as walking, pregnant women gymnastics and Tai Ji Chuan.
6. Drug therapy
If the blood sugar is monitored by diet control for 3~7 days, it is still not ideal. The fasting blood sugar is ≥5. 1mmol/L, and the blood sugar is ≥6.7mmol/L 2 hours after meals. Insulin treatment should be carried out in time under the guidance of a doctor to avoid aggravating the condition.
7, the influence of hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia can cause abnormal embryo development and even death, and the incidence of abortion is as high as 15%-30%, which easily leads to polyhydramnios, premature rupture of membranes, eclampsia during pregnancy, urinary system infection and dystocia.
It is also harmful to the fetus: the incidence of fetal macrosomia is as high as 25%-42%, fetal growth restriction, abortion or premature birth, congenital malformation and so on.
8. Pay attention to regular inspection.
Check your blood sugar regularly during pregnancy, especially after 20 weeks. For pregnant women with high blood sugar, they should go to the hospital regularly for reexamination, or they can bring their own blood sugar testing instruments at home to keep abreast of their illness and avoid the impact of the disease on pregnant women and fetuses.
9. What do pregnant women eat with high blood sugar?
1 Pregnant women eat fruits with low sugar content, such as apples, pears, oranges, peaches and grapes. And eat no more than 500 grams of fruit every day. Fruits with high sugar content such as bananas, pineapples, lychees and persimmons must be reduced. Patients with abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy or gestational diabetes mellitus had better wait until the blood sugar control is stable before eating fruit. In addition, it is best to eat fruit between meals, so that blood sugar will not be too high and hypoglycemia can be prevented.
2. Eat about 300 grams of carbohydrates every day, but we need to have certain requirements on the source types of carbohydrates. Priority should be given to polysaccharides such as rice and wheat, and pure sugar products such as honey, syrup and maltose and desserts with high sugar content should be strictly restricted.
3. Try to choose varieties with low glycemic index in cereal staple foods, such as oatmeal, corn flour, soba noodles, etc.
4. Eat more green and fresh vegetables, supplement protein, supplement 15-25g daily on the original basis, and supplement calcium, iron and iodine to help pregnant women recover and ensure the normal eating of the fetus.