In recent years, both new Internet financial institutions and traditional banks have taken personal online credit loans as the power source, and combined with the advantages of Internet technology, they have achieved competition for the long tail market.
online credit loans rely on the progress of big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain and other technologies, and rely on the gradual improvement of the credit information system, which has the advantages of high efficiency, good experience and standardization. Products include credit cards, personal consumption loans, cash installment and so on, which have developed rapidly in recent years.
Zero One Finance found that rural commercial banks (hereinafter referred to as "rural commercial banks") with a number of more than 1, have made some attempts in personal online credit business, although they are limited by their business areas. In the ecology of WeChat, you can also see the loan products of rural commercial banks.
this paper will take the personal credit business of rural commercial banks as the starting point, and pass the question "What is the current situation of rural commercial banks? What is the personal loan income of agricultural and commercial enterprises? How do rural commercial banks carry out personal online credit business? " When the problem is analyzed.
I. Current situation of rural commercial banks
Rural commercial banks (hereinafter referred to as "rural commercial banks") originated from rural credit cooperatives, and the first batch of pilot rural commercial banks in China was established in Jiangsu Province at the end of 2. Compared with other banks, rural commercial banks are subject to stricter cross-regional operation restrictions.
on January 14th, 219, the China Banking Regulatory Commission issued the document "Opinions on Promoting Rural Commercial Banks to Stick to Positioning, Strengthen Governance and Enhance Financial Service Capability" (hereinafter referred to as "China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission No.5 Document"), saying, "Rural Commercial Banks? Strictly and prudently carry out comprehensive and cross-regional operations. Their institutions do not leave the county (district) in principle, and their business does not cross the county (district). " However, on April 8 of the same year, Changshu Rural Commercial Bank (hereinafter referred to as "Changshu Bank", 61128. SH) Obtained the first investment management village bank license, and the rural commercial bank has a new model of compliance in cross-regional exhibition industry.
rural commercial banks are generally established in two ways: rural credit cooperatives-rural commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives-rural cooperative banks-rural commercial banks. As the first batch of pilot rural commercial banks, up to now, Jiangsu Province has the largest number of rural commercial banks listed, with 6 listed. According to the statistics of Zero One Think Tank, as of April 12, 219, * * * had 1 rural commercial banks listed in the capital market, of which 7 chose to list on A shares and 3 chose to list on Hong Kong stocks (see Table 1).
Table 1 List of listed rural commercial banks (as of April 12, 219)
After intensive listing in 216 and 217, rural commercial banks fell into silence in 218. In the first quarter of 219, Zijin Bank and Qingnong Bank were listed one after another. Qingnong Bank is the first non-Jiangsu rural commercial bank among A-share listed rural commercial banks.
(1) In 218, rural commercial banks were mainly distributed in Shandong, Hunan and Henan.
rural commercial banks can be divided into provinces, cities and counties. Generally, each province or municipality directly under the Central Government such as Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing has a provincial-level rural commercial bank. According to Figure 1, by the end of 218, Shandong, Hunan and Henan had the largest number of rural commercial banks, with 11, 11 and 95 respectively. There is only one rural commercial bank in Beijing and Shanghai.
The number of rural commercial banks is related to the local agricultural situation and population:
1. In large agricultural provinces, there are generally more rural commercial banks. Wind data shows that by the end of 217, the total agricultural output values of Shandong, Hunan and Henan were 44.32 billion yuan, 259.76 billion yuan and 455.27 billion yuan respectively; Beijing and Shanghai are 12.98 billion yuan and 14.64 billion yuan respectively.
2. when the resident population is large, the number of rural commercial banks is generally large. According to the calculation of the 1 think tank, the average number of rural commercial banks (resident population/number of rural commercial banks) in all provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions in China, and one rural commercial bank generally serves millions of local residents (Note of the 1 think tank: the median number of rural commercial banks in 217 was 974,8, that is, one rural commercial bank served 974,8 l
With the introduction of regulatory policies, rural cooperative financial institutions serving the county economy gradually unified. According to the recommendation of China Banking Regulatory Commission in 211, all existing rural cooperative banks (hereinafter referred to as "rural cooperative banks") should be restructured into rural commercial banks, and rural credit cooperatives should be encouraged to be restructured into rural commercial banks. Therefore, before the introduction of new related policies, the banking model serving the county economy should be reformed into "rural credit cooperatives-rural commercial banks, rural cooperative banks and rural cooperatives-rural commercial banks".
in the process of restructuring, the number of rural commercial banks, rural credit cooperatives and rural cooperative banks has changed. According to the data of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, as of December 31, 218, there were 1,397 rural commercial banks, 3 rural cooperative banks and 812 rural credit cooperatives in China, accounting for 3.45%, .65% and 17.7% of the total number of legal persons in the banking industry (4,588), with year-on-year increases and decreases of 1.7% and -9.% respectively.
(3) Relevant policies of rural commercial banks: serving the local area and selecting the best ones across regions.
due to the limitations of the original rural financial institutions, such as scattered geographical distribution, limited risk control ability and homogenization of products and services, the purpose of establishing rural commercial banks is to reform the existing management system of rural financial institutions. For cross-regional business, the supervision may show a differentiated management system.
in the face of all rural commercial banks, CBRC No.5 document pointed out that "rural commercial banks should carry out comprehensive and cross-regional operations strictly and prudently". However, for high-quality rural commercial banks, the CBRC pays across regions. The CBRC pointed out in the Notice on Doing a Good Job in Rural Financial Services in 216 (hereinafter referred to as CBRC Document No.26) and the Notice on Launching the Pilot Work of Investment Management Village Banks and Multi-county and One-line Village Banks (hereinafter referred to as CBRC Document No.3) that "support high-quality rural commercial banks to set up branches in different places, or commercial banks that meet certain conditions to operate through a newly established or existing village bank.
Table 2 Incomplete statistics of relevant policies of rural commercial banks (as of April 12, 219)
II. What is the personal loan income of rural commercial banks?
according to the 218 annual report, the revenue and net profit of rural commercial banks
have increased in different degrees.
(1) In 218, Chongqing and Guangzhou rural commercial banks had the largest revenue scale and net profit attributable to their parents
The total operating income of listed rural commercial banks in 218 was 76.468 billion yuan, up 2.38% year-on-year. Among the banks listed in the 218 annual report of rural commercial banks, Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank (29.93%), Jiangyin Bank (27.9%), Zhangjiagang Bank (24.24%) and Qingnong Bank (22.75%) had a year-on-year increase of more than 2%, showing a significant increase compared with 217. Among the listed rural commercial banks, Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank has the largest revenue scale and the fastest growth rate in 218. The revenues of Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank and Guangzhou Rural Commercial Bank were the highest, accounting for 26.92 billion yuan and 15.377 billion yuan respectively, up by 29.93% and 14.8% year-on-year.
Figure 2 Operating income of listed rural commercial banks in 216-218 (unit: 1 million yuan)
By the end of 218, all listed rural commercial banks had made profits, with the exception of nine rural commercial banks, whose net profit returned to their mothers decreased by 22.94% year-on-year, the rest of them continued to grow to varying degrees. Among them, Changshu Bank (17.53%), Guangzhou Rural Commercial Bank (14.32%), Qingnong Commercial Bank (13.23%) and Zijin Bank (1.21%) increased by 1%. Among them, there are two rural commercial banks with a net profit of more than 5 billion yuan, namely Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank and Guangzhou Rural Commercial Bank, with net profits of 9.58 billion yuan and 6.526 billion yuan respectively.
Figure 3 Net profit of listed rural commercial banks from 216 to 218 (unit: 1 million yuan)
(II) The balance of personal loans of rural commercial banks has increased year by year
By the end of 218, the total amount of loans issued by listed rural commercial banks was 1.41 trillion yuan. From 216 to 218, the total loans of rural commercial banks have maintained a growth trend, with a compound annual growth rate of 18.18%.
Figure 4 Total loans of listed rural commercial banks (unit: 1 million yuan)
The balance of personal loans continued to grow. By the end of 216-218, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of personal loan balance of listed rural commercial banks exceeded 1%, among which Sunong Bank and Zhangjiagang Bank had the fastest growth, with CAGR of 59.75% and 45.13% respectively.
Figure 5 Personal loan balance of listed rural commercial banks from 216 to 218 (as of April 12, 219) Unit: 1 million yuan
Note: CAGR is the compound annual growth rate of personal loan balance
Personal loans are an important part of the total loans, accounting for one third. Among the listed rural commercial banks, the top three are Changshu Bank (51.2%), Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank (34.96%) and Qingnong Commercial Bank (27.56%).
Figure 6 Proportion of personal loans of listed rural commercial banks (as of April 12, 219)
Third, how do rural commercial banks carry out personal online credit business?
Rural commercial banks generally have sufficient deposits, so how to lend money is a big problem for rural commercial banks. Convenient loan process is one of the ways that rural commercial banks try. Some rural commercial banks have opened personal online small loan business. After the user handles the bank card at the local rural commercial bank outlet, the bank will review the cardholder's application with loan demand. Audit can be achieved through bank outlets or online. Among them, the materials to be provided generally include identity certificate, work certificate (payroll, provident fund), residence certificate, etc.
(1) Necessary conditions for personal online loan: You need to hold the bank card of the corresponding rural commercial bank to open the card at a local bank outlet
In order to realize online credit and other services, there are usually three modes for rural commercial banks to set up cross-regional outlets:
1. Set up cross-regional branches. Sunong Bank (formerly known as Wujiang Rural Commercial Bank) is the first branch in China to be established in different places. In 29, Sunong Bank set up a branch in different places in chibi city, Hubei. By the end of 218, Sunong Bank had opened branches in different places in Anhui, Hubei and other provinces and cities.
2. Establish cross-regional village banks. Large-scale rural commercial banks generally hold a number of village banks. For example, by the end of 218, Changshu Bank had 3 rural banks (Xingfu Department) distributed in Hubei, Jiangsu, Henan, Yunnan and other provinces.
3. Establish financial institutions such as wealth management subsidiaries and consumer finance companies. In January 217, Sunong Bank applied for the establishment of a consumer finance company in Hengqin New District, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province, but it has not been approved.
In December p>218, Guangdong Shunde Rural Commercial Bank became the first rural commercial bank to publicly declare its investment in establishing a wealth management subsidiary, but it has not yet been approved.
except that the third mode appeared late, and there is no successful case, borrowers in different places can apply for debit cards or credit cards at the outlets of rural commercial banks through the first and second modes.
(II) Wechat Bank: loan business is mainly oriented
Table 3 Online business of listed rural commercial banks in 217 Unit: 1, households
official website of Foshan Rural Commercial Bank shows that to apply for Yuenong e-loan, you need to be 22-55 years old and have provident fund, social security, payroll or mortgage customers in the bank. It can be seen that the online loan application materials of rural commercial banks are the data accumulated by users before, and are the result of opening up the information of the business departments responsible for handling cards, five insurances and one fund, and mortgage loans with the loan departments.
Table 4 Incomplete Statistics of Personal Consumption Loan Products of Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank
Note: The blank space in the table refers to the materials required for the corresponding products, which are not directly mentioned
(4) The online loan products are strictly reviewed, and the loan audience is limited
The rural commercial bank is in the trial stage for the Internet loan business. According to the online survey of 14 rural commercial banks by Zero One Think Tank, the loan process of rural commercial banks' WeChat bank is generally that after WeChat users submit loan applications (fill in information: name, mobile phone number, ID number, loan purpose, location, etc.), the bank account manager will let users submit materials to the corresponding outlets for review and then lend. However, there are fewer online loan products. According to the incomplete statistics of Zero One Think Tank, there are 14 rural commercial banks and 1 * * 5 rural commercial banks with Internet personal loan products in the table, namely Zijin Bank (tax micro-loan), Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank (Chongqing Express Loan), Changshu Bank (Nong Xiang Loan), Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank (Xin E Loan) and Shandong Rural Credit Cooperative (Xin E Loan).
table 5 loan business of wechat bank, mobile banking and official website (incomplete statistics)
the personal online loan business of rural commercial banks is still not perfect, mainly due to policy and technical difficulties. Considering that the policy is uncontrollable, rural commercial banks pay more and more attention to the improvement of the technical ability of systems and personnel. In addition to setting up its own technical team, rural commercial banks also try to cooperate with financial technology companies.
IV. Conclusion
Rural commercial banks appeared late, which was the product of the reform of the original rural financial institutions. With the promotion of policies, rural commercial banks may stick to the end with a unified attitude. However, the No.5 document of China Banking Regulatory Commission made the capital and business of rural commercial banks continue to be troubled by "besieged city". However, the establishment of managed rural banks shows that the No.3 document of Banking Supervision Office, which was issued earlier, is still playing its role, and the qualified cross-regional business of rural commercial banks is recognized and encouraged.
the impact of geographical restrictions is not only offline. Qualified rural commercial banks can expand their business scope by opening branches and rural banks in different places. At the same time as the geographical restrictions are partially opened, the types of personal online credit products of rural commercial banks have increased, and the mode has changed from "pure offline" to "pure online". Related questions and answers: