The United States has a population of 300 million, accounting for about 5% of the global population, but the United States emits 24% of the global carbon dioxide. China's population accounts for about 20% of the world's population, and its carbon dioxide emissions only account for 13% of the global total. China's per capita carbon dioxide emission is 1/8 of that of the United States and 1/4 of that of Japan and the European Union. It can be said that the carbon dioxide that causes climate warming is mainly emitted by the west in the process of industrialization in the last hundred years. According to the arrangement of Kyoto Protocol, the carbon dioxide emission reduction targets of developed countries such as Europe and America from 2008 to 20 12 are: compared with 1990, the European Union will reduce emissions by 8%, the United States will reduce emissions by 7%, Japan will reduce emissions by 6%, Canada will reduce emissions by 6%, and Eastern European countries will reduce emissions by 5%-8%. The EU Spring Summit held a while ago was even more ambitious, raising the emission reduction target by 20%. Kyoto Protocol not only encourages countries to use new technologies, but also allows countries to control emissions through economic means, such as environmental taxes levied by the European Union and sewage charges levied by China. The EU also assigns carbon dioxide emission targets to member countries, just like we used to give food stamps to every family. However, it is difficult to achieve a complete balance in the allocation of indicators, and countries that are not enough can only spend money on emission indicators. The carbon emission trading market is booming. Statistics released by the World Bank show that in the first nine months of 2006, the EU traded 764 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, while in 2005, the trading volume was only 324 million tons. According to the weighted average transaction price of US$ 24, the market value of EU quotas reached US$ 654.38+089 billion, more than double the previous year. In the same period, emissions trading in Chicago, Australia, New South Wales and the United Kingdom also showed an obvious upward trend. In addition to developed countries, developing countries have also contributed to emission reduction. According to the report of the World Bank, the emission reduction contributed by developing countries in the same period is about 265,438+1100 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, accounting for about 2 1% of the global carbon market. China occupies 60% market share in CDM project transactions. The trading price of carbon dioxide, like stocks in an exchange, often fluctuates greatly. 20 10 In mid-April, the European Climate Exchange set a record of 30 euros per ton, but it fell below 10 euros in mid-May, and the futures price in 2007 fell to 4 euros. According to statistics, in the first three quarters of 2006, the average transaction price of CDM per ton of CO2 equivalent was $65,438 +00.4.