Brief introduction of potato growth
Potatoes are most suitable for planting in soil with deep surface, loose structure, good drainage and ventilation and rich organic matter. Its main producers are China, Russian, Indian, Ukrainian and American.
Potato growth cycle
1 temperature: people like to be cold and not resistant to high temperature. The average daily temperature during the growing period is 65438 07℃ ~ 265438 0℃.
② Illumination: High light intensity, high photosynthetic intensity of leaves, early tuber formation, high tuber yield and starch content.
③ Moisture: If the total rainfall is between 400 and 500mm and is evenly distributed in the growing season, the water demand of potatoes can be met.
④ Soil: Plants have strict requirements on soil, especially the soil with large porosity and good air permeability, which can better meet the oxygen demand of root system development and tuber growth.
⑤ Nutrition: The growth and development of potato need more than ten kinds of nutrient elements, and the demand for fertilizer is the most, followed by nitrogen, and the least.
The growth cycle of early maturity is about 60 days, middle maturity is about 80 days, and the time of late maturity is longer, about 100 days.
Potato growth rate
The growth and development of potato is also periodic, which can be roughly divided into four stages:
① Mature tubers can only be planted as seed potatoes after a period of dormancy, that is, dormancy. If the temperature is around 25℃, the dormancy period needs at least 1~3 months.
② After sowing, it takes root and germinates by its own nutrition, 20-25 days in spring and 65,438+00-20 days in autumn.
(3) After emergence, organic matter is produced through photosynthesis, and the roots absorb water and inorganic elements to form a complete plant growth system, and it takes 15~20 days until flowering reaches the maximum flourishing of the plant.
(4) After flowering, the overground part stops growing, the tuber expands rapidly, and nutrients are accumulated to maturity, that is, the tuber formation stage, which generally takes 25 to 30 days.
Potato growth cycle management
Generally, the normal yield per mu of potatoes is about 3000-5000 kg. If the yield per mu is above 8000 kg, it is considered as a high-yield potato.
Temperature management
Sowed potato tubers can grow when the soil temperature at the depth of 10 cm reaches 7~8 degrees. When the soil temperature reaches 10~20 degrees, the flower buds will grow sturdily and will soon be unearthed.
The optimum temperature for potato plant growth is about 265438 0℃, and the optimum temperature for flowering is 65438 05℃ to 65438 07℃, and it will not bloom below 5℃ or above 38℃.
Fertilization management
Base fertilizer: according to soil fertility, combined with spring ploughing, 2000 ~ 4000 kg/mu of decomposed farmyard manure is applied. Pig manure is the best, followed by cow dung. Apply 30-50kg of chemical fertilizer, in which the ratio of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate is 3.4: 1:3, and it is forbidden to use potassium chloride.
Foliage fertilizer: If there are symptoms of fertilizer removal during tuber formation and swelling, 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves for 2 ~ 3 times with an interval of 5 ~ 7 days.
Potato scientific planting
First of all, when selecting potato seeds, there are two different ways to accelerate germination. The first method is to cover the sliced potato with plant ash or charcoal ash. The second one is soaked in gibberellin diluent.
The second is the choice of soil. Of course, potatoes can't be grown in saline-alkali land. If we can provide a loose soil for potato growth and keep enough water for potato growth, potato growth will be more vigorous.
Finally, the choice of farming time, it is best to choose deep ploughing in winter, so that the pests and diseases buried in the ground for winter will be turned out, so that they can not survive this cold winter, which is a very healthy and safe growth environment for potato growth and avoids serious pests and diseases in the future potato growth process.