Opinions of the Central Committee of the State Council on policies to further strengthen rural work and improve comprehensive agricultural production capacity (full text)
(December 31, 24)
The CPC Central Committee and the State Council have always attached great importance to agriculture, rural areas and farmers' work. In 24, the macro-control focused on strengthening agriculture and implemented a series of more direct and powerful policies and measures. All localities and departments have conscientiously implemented the central decision, protected and mobilized the enthusiasm of farmers, and the rural areas have shown a good development situation. There has been an important turning point in grain production, farmers' income has increased rapidly, rural reform has taken significant steps, and rural social undertakings have made new progress. This has played a vital role in promoting national economic development and maintaining social stability. However, we must be soberly aware that agriculture is still the weak link in the development of the national economy, the situation of insufficient investment and fragile foundation has not changed, the long-term mechanism for increasing grain production and farmers' income has not been established, the deep-seated contradictions that restrict the development of agriculture and rural areas have not been eliminated, the situation that rural economic and social development is obviously lagging behind has not been fundamentally improved, rural reform and development are still in a difficult climbing and tackling stage, and the task of maintaining a good momentum of rural development is very arduous.
The general requirements of agriculture and rural work in p>25 are: conscientiously implement the spirit of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the 16th Central Committee, fully implement Scientific Outlook on Development, adhere to the general plan of coordinating urban and rural development, adhere to the policy of "giving more and taking less and letting loose", stabilize, improve and strengthen various agricultural support policies, earnestly strengthen the construction of comprehensive agricultural production capacity, continue to adjust the agricultural and rural economic structure, further deepen rural reform, and strive to achieve a stable increase in grain production and a sustained increase in farmers' income.
to strengthen the agricultural foundation and prosper the rural economy, we must continue to take comprehensive measures. At present and in the future, we should take strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure, accelerating the progress of agricultural science and technology and improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity as a major and urgent strategic task, and earnestly grasp it. This is not only the material basis for ensuring national food security, but also the necessary condition for increasing farmers' income; It is not only an urgent need to solve the outstanding contradictions in current agricultural development, but also a strategic choice to enhance the stamina of agricultural development; It is not only an important measure to promote rural economic development, but also an important guarantee to realize rural social progress. Grasping this key point will grasp the key to agricultural development; Grasping this link will grasp the foundation of agricultural modernization; Doing this work well will lay a solid foundation for building a well-off society in rural areas in an all-round way. It is necessary to further mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers and local governments for attaching importance to agriculture and grasping grain, based on strict protection of cultivated land, focusing on strengthening irrigation and water conservancy construction, supported by promoting scientific and technological progress, and guaranteed by improving the service system, and strive to make the material and technical conditions of agriculture significantly improved, the land output rate and labor productivity significantly improved, and the comprehensive benefits and competitiveness of agriculture significantly enhanced after several years of efforts.
1. Stabilize, improve and strengthen policies to support agricultural development and further mobilize farmers' enthusiasm
(1) Continue to increase the implementation of policies such as "two reductions and exemptions and three subsidies". The reduction or exemption of agricultural tax, cancellation of agricultural specialty tax except tobacco leaves, direct subsidies for grain farmers, and subsidies for improved varieties and purchase of agricultural machinery and tools for farmers in some areas are major measures taken by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to strengthen agriculture and grain production, which is of great significance to mobilizing farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain and protecting and improving grain production capacity. These effective policies cannot be changed, the benefits to farmers cannot be reduced, and the intensity of supporting agriculture should be continuously increased. Further expand the scope of agricultural tax exemption and increase the intensity of agricultural tax reduction. In 25, agricultural tax exemption was implemented in key counties of national poverty alleviation and development work, and the agricultural tax rate was further reduced in other areas. Piloting the abolition of animal husbandry tax in pastoral areas. State-owned agricultural reclamation enterprises implement the same agricultural tax reduction and exemption policy as their localities. Due to the reduction of agricultural (animal husbandry) tax and local fiscal revenue, by the central financial arrangements for special transfer payments to give appropriate subsidies. Conditional place, can decide to carry out agricultural tax exemption pilot. We will continue to provide direct subsidies to grain farmers, and where conditions permit, we can further increase subsidies. The central government will continue to increase subsidies for improved varieties and purchase of agricultural machinery and tools, and local governments should also arrange certain subsidies for improved varieties and purchase of agricultural machinery and tools according to local financial resources and actual agricultural development. We will continue to implement the minimum purchase price policy for key grain varieties in short supply in major producing areas, and gradually establish and improve systems and mechanisms to stabilize grain market prices and protect the interests of grain farmers. We will do a good job in the supply of agricultural means of production and market management, continue to implement the ex-factory price limit policy for chemical fertilizers, rationally adjust the import and export of chemical fertilizers through taxation and other means, control the excessive rise in agricultural prices, and severely crack down on all kinds of practices that pit farmers and harm agricultural banks, such as manufacturing and selling fake and shoddy agricultural means of production.
(2) strengthen support for major grain producing areas. In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments to develop grain production and alleviate the financial difficulties in the central and western regions, especially in counties and townships with major grain producing areas, the central government should take effective measures to reward and subsidize major grain producing counties through transfer payment according to factors such as grain planting area, output and commodity volume. Establish an interest coordination mechanism between the main grain producing areas and the main selling areas, adjust the subsidy ratio of the central government to the grain risk fund, and raise some funds through other economic means to support the major grain producing areas to strengthen the production capacity building. Relevant departments should pay close attention to research and put forward specific implementation plans.
(3) to establish a stable growth of agricultural funding channels. We must make up our minds to adjust the distribution structure of national income. On the basis of stabilizing the existing agricultural inputs, new financial expenditures and fixed assets investments should be tilted towards agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and a stable agricultural input growth mechanism should be gradually established. In view of the current situation that irrigation and water conservancy facilities are weak and need to be strengthened urgently, from 25, we should continue to do a good job in the construction of large and medium-sized irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure, and at the same time increase the investment in the construction of small irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure. On the basis of integrating relevant special funds, the central and provincial governments should arrange some funds from the newly-increased fiscal revenue in the budget, set up special funds for the construction of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy facilities, and support the construction of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy facilities for farmers. Regular fixed assets investment and national debt funds in the budget should be increased to arrange small-scale irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure construction projects. Land transfer fees are used for agricultural land development and paid use fees for new construction land, and some funds should be arranged for small-scale farmland water conservancy construction in combination with land development and consolidation. City and county governments should also effectively increase investment in small-scale farmland water conservancy construction. It is necessary to legislate as soon as possible to institutionalize and standardize the country's major policy of supporting agriculture.
second, resolutely implement the strictest farmland protection system and effectively improve the quality of cultivated land
(4) strictly protect cultivated land. Control the occupation of cultivated land by non-agricultural construction, ensure that the total amount of basic farmland does not decrease, the quality does not decline, and the use does not change, and implement it to plots and farmers. It is strictly prohibited to occupy basic farmland, dig ponds to raise fish, plant trees for afforestation or engage in other activities that destroy the arable layer. Revise the provisional regulations on farmland occupation tax, increase the tax rate of farmland occupation tax, and strictly control the reduction or exemption. Do a good job in the overall planning of land use in towns and villages and market towns, and guide farmers and rural intensive land use. Strengthen the management of collective construction land and farmers' homestead, encourage rural areas to carry out land consolidation and village renovation, promote the concentration of newly-established rural industries in towns and villages, and improve the utilization rate of all kinds of rural land. Accelerate the reform of rural land expropriation and requisition system.
(5) conscientiously implement the rural land contract policy. In view of the problems existing in some places, such as taking back farmers' contracted land at will and forcing farmers to transfer contracted land, all localities should conduct a comprehensive inspection on the implementation of the second round of land contracting policy, resolutely correct those who violate laws and policies, and hold them accountable. It is necessary to properly handle land contract disputes, resolve contradictions in time, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers. Respect and protect farmers' right to own contracted land and engage in agricultural production, and respect and protect migrant farmers' right to land contracting and operational autonomy. The circulation of contracted management rights and the development of moderate scale operation must be carried out in accordance with the law on the premise of voluntary and paid farmers to prevent one-sided pursuit of land concentration. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government should formulate measures for the implementation of the rural land contract law as soon as possible.
(6) strive to improve soil fertility. The central and provincial governments should greatly increase the investment in comprehensive agricultural development, and the new funds are mainly arranged in the main grain producing areas for the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields and the construction of high-standard basic farmland. Do a good job in the construction of "fertile soil project", increase investment, intensify the investigation and monitoring of soil fertility, establish a national dynamic monitoring and early warning system for cultivated land quality as soon as possible, and provide guidance and services for farmers to scientifically farm. Reform traditional farming methods and develop conservation farming. Popularize soil testing and formula fertilization, implement comprehensive utilization and harmless treatment of organic fertilizer, guide farmers to apply more farm manure and increase soil organic matter.
Third, strengthen farmland water conservancy and ecological construction, and improve the ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters
(7) Accelerate the implementation of large-scale irrigation areas with water-saving transformation as the center. New investment in fixed assets should focus on supporting the continuous construction of large irrigation areas, and constantly increase investment, focus on doing a good job in field engineering construction, update and transform aging electromechanical equipment, and improve the irrigation and drainage system. Carry out the pilot project of the final canal system construction in the continuous construction of supporting irrigation areas. We will continue to promote the demonstration of water-saving irrigation and carry out pilot projects for large-scale construction in major grain producing areas. Conditional areas should speed up the modernization of rural water conservancy. Areas with good water source conditions should be combined with the construction of key water control projects to expand the irrigation area. Drought and water shortage areas should actively develop water-saving dry farming and continue to build dry farming demonstration areas. All localities should strengthen the measurement of irrigation water and actively implement total water control and quota management. Since 25, some areas have been selected to carry out pilot projects to subsidize farmers to buy water-saving equipment. Continue to strengthen dangerous reservoirs. Do a good job in the construction of local medium-sized water sources, small and medium-sized rivers and other projects.
(8) pay close attention to the construction of small-scale farmland water conservancy. Focus on the construction of field irrigation and drainage projects, small irrigation areas and drought-resistant water source projects in non-irrigation areas. Strengthen the control of saline-alkali and waterlogging damage in low-yield fields in major grain producing areas. Accelerate the construction of rainwater harvesting and utilization projects in hilly and mountainous areas and other arid and water-deficient areas. Local governments should earnestly assume the responsibility of doing a good job in small-scale farmland water conservancy construction. While resolutely abolishing the system of labor accumulation workers and compulsory workers on time, all localities should actively explore new mechanisms and methods to carry out capital construction of farmland water conservancy under the new situation. It is necessary to strictly distinguish the policy boundary between increasing farmers' burden and farmers' voluntary contribution to improve their production and living conditions, and carry forward the good tradition of farmers' self-reliance. On the premise of earnestly strengthening democratic decision-making and management, and in line with the principles of voluntary mutual benefit, paying attention to practical results, controlling standards and strict norms, farmers should be guided to contribute to the construction of small-scale farmland water conservancy facilities that directly benefit. The state should give appropriate subsidies to farmers for the materials needed to build small-scale water conservancy facilities, and relevant departments should promptly study and formulate specific measures.
(9) make unremitting efforts to build key ecological projects. Continue to implement projects such as natural forest protection and improve relevant policies. The work of returning farmland to forests should be scientifically planned, focused, practical and steadily advanced. Effective measures should be taken to build basic grain ration fields in the areas of returning farmland to forests, cultivate follow-up industries, effectively solve the long-term livelihood problems of farmers, and further consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests. Do a good job in the construction of shelter forest system and farmland forest network, and create a good ecological barrier for building high-standard farmland. Do a good job in sand prevention and control projects such as the control of sandstorm sources in Beijing and Tianjin. Continue to promote the comprehensive development of mountainous areas. Further strengthen grassland construction and protection, speed up the implementation of the project of returning grazing to grassland, do a good job in water conservancy construction in pastoral areas, and strengthen forest and grassland fire prevention and grassland rodent and pest control. We will continue to do a good job in soil and water conservation in key river basins such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, take various measures such as warping dams to promote the comprehensive management of small river basins, and strengthen the comprehensive management of soil and water loss in hilly red soil areas in the south, black soil hilly areas in the northeast and rocky desertification areas in the southwest. Effectively prevent cultivated land and water pollution.
fourth, accelerate agricultural science and technology innovation and improve the content of agricultural science and technology
(1) strengthen the capacity building of agricultural science and technology innovation. It is necessary to substantially increase investment in agricultural scientific research, accelerate the establishment of a diversified agricultural scientific research investment system led by the government and widely participated by social forces, and form a stable investment growth mechanism. It is necessary to continuously increase the proportion of national scientific and technological investment in agricultural scientific research, and the scale of investment in agricultural scientific research should be greatly increased in major scientific and technological projects and key research plans. Deepen the reform of agricultural scientific research system and establish a national agricultural scientific and technological innovation system. Strengthen the innovation capacity building of national bases, do a good job in the research and development of basic agricultural research and key technologies, and accelerate the research of high and new technologies such as biotechnology and information technology. According to the national agricultural comprehensive zoning, on the basis of integrating existing resources, relying on provincial agricultural scientific research units and universities with obvious advantages, we will build regional agricultural scientific research centers, be responsible for promoting regional agricultural scientific and technological innovation, and carry out major applied technology research and experimental research. Strengthen the construction of national laboratories, improvement centers, engineering centers and key laboratories in the agricultural field, improve the facilities and equipment level of agricultural scientific research institutions, and accelerate the construction of national agricultural scientific research senior personnel training bases.
(11) increase the promotion of improved varieties and good methods. We will continue to implement the "seed project" and "livestock and poultry breeding project", and do a good job in the construction, expansion and promotion of breeding bases for bulk crops and livestock and poultry breeding. Since 25, the state has set up a super rice extension project. Expand the scale of special subsidies for major agricultural technology extension projects, and give priority to supporting assembly integration and supporting technology development with high quality and high yield, cost saving and efficiency improvement. Strengthen the prevention and control of major crop diseases and insect pests. Seriously organize and implement the "science and technology household project", support science and technology demonstration households, and improve their radiation-driven ability. We will continue to arrange funds for the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements and the introduction of foreign advanced agricultural technologies.
(12) accelerate the reform of agricultural technology extension system. In accordance with the requirements of strengthening public welfare functions and releasing operational services, the reform of agricultural technology extension system should be intensified. The national public agricultural technology extension institutions mainly undertake the introduction, experiment and demonstration of key technologies, monitoring, forecasting, prevention and treatment of crop diseases and insect pests, animal diseases and agricultural disasters, quality and safety inspection, monitoring and compulsory inspection in the production process of agricultural products, monitoring of agricultural resources, agricultural ecological environment and the use of agricultural inputs, water resources management and flood control and drought relief, agricultural public information and training and education services. For the public welfare technology promotion work, all levels of finance should guarantee the funds. At the same time, actively and steadily separate general technology promotion from business services and operate in a market-oriented manner. Give full play to the role of agricultural colleges in agricultural technology popularization. Actively cultivate farmers' professional technical associations and agricultural science and technology enterprises. Explore new mechanisms and methods of agricultural technology extension, implement a bidding system for agricultural technology extension projects, and encourage all kinds of agricultural technology extension organizations, personnel and relevant enterprises to participate in the declaration fairly. On the basis of summing up the pilot experience, relevant departments should promptly put forward guiding opinions on strengthening the construction of agricultural technology extension system.
V. Strengthening rural infrastructure construction and improving the environment for agricultural development
(13) Intensifying the construction of small rural infrastructure. We should continue to increase the investment scale of "six small projects" in rural areas, expand the scope of construction and improve the quality of projects. On the basis of consolidating the achievements of drinking water for people and livestock, we attach great importance to rural drinking water safety and solve the drinking water safety problems in areas with high fluoride water, high arsenic water, brackish water and schistosomiasis. Relevant departments should pay close attention to making plans. Adjust the investment structure of highway construction, increase the intensity of rural highway construction and make overall consideration.