The first time was the Sino-Japanese War at the end of 19, and the second time was War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in 1930s.

In the Sino-Japanese War, the Qing Dynasty was completely defeated.

War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Japanese army bullied China territory 14 years. Although he was finally kicked out, realistically speaking, China didn't do it alone.

In War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, in addition to China, there are more than ten countries including the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, British India, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Dutch government in exile, Free France (government in exile), Korean government in exile, and the Philippines.

The population of Japan is only one tenth of that of China, and its area is only one thirtieth of that of China.

So many people are very disdainful of Japan.

But such a small country really defeated our great country. If Japan hadn't made a fool of itself and attacked Pearl Harbor, it wouldn't have perished so quickly. Even if War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of China finally wins, he will fight harder and the war will last longer.

After the start of the war, the Japanese Southern Army, with more than 400,000 people led by Kuichi inside the temple, divided its forces to attack Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia and Myanmar.

65438+February 8, the invasion of Thailand.

No.9 invaded Malaya.

10 landed in the Philippines and attacked Guam.

19 occupied Hongkong and conquered wake island on 23rd.

1942 65438+1On October 2nd, Japanese troops occupied Manila.

1February, 942 15, percival, commander of the British army in Singapore, signed a surrender letter, and Singapore fell.

1March 9, 942, Dutch troops stationed in Indonesia surrendered.

1On May 6th, 942, more than 70,000 Americans and Filipinos surrendered on Bataan Island, and the Philippines fell.

1On May 8, 942, Myitkyina, an important town in northern Myanmar, fell, and the Chinese Expeditionary Force and the British and Indian troops all retreated, and Myanmar fell into the hands of the Japanese army.

After Japan conquered Southeast Asia and Southwest Pacific, it controlled 65.438+0.5 billion people and 3.86 million square kilometers of land in this area.

Together with the previously occupied areas, including Korea, China and Indian zhina (Thailand, as an ally of Japan, has not been invaded), the total area is more than 7 million square kilometers, more than 20 times its territory. With a population of about 500 million, it has formed a huge colonial empire from the Aleutian Islands in the north, Australia in the south and the Indian Ocean in the west, and basically realized the expansion plan of the "Greater East Asia Glory Circle".

From a purely military point of view, the Japanese military action can be said to be in one step, which is perfect and a textbook-style classic military action.

As an island country, at the peak of the war, it invaded more than 20 countries and regions (Chinese mainland, Mongolia, Hongkong, Macau, Philippines, Malaya (now Malaysia and Singapore), zhina (now Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia), Indonesia (including Brunei, East Timor, New Guinea and Papua New Guinea), Thailand, Myanmar and other countries before World War II. Its combat effectiveness is also shocking.

However, after reading the above data, you will find that Japan occupied almost all Asian territories in World War II, except China, Macau and Japan.

In this regard, there is a very popular saying on the Internet that Portugal was a neutral country in World War II.

Neither Portugal nor Spain participated in World War II.

According to international law, the land leased by Portugal cannot be occupied, and offenders are tantamount to declaring war.

If this statement is true, it overestimates the moral integrity of the Japanese invaders.

Japan's main war faction is good, and the main peace faction is good; Military strategist or politician; None of them abide by international law. They all advocate aggression; Only the strategic principles are different, and the general direction is the same.

According to international law, the territory of China and Asian countries is inviolable.

Hong Kong was leased by Britain, but the Japanese did not invade as usual.

If neutral countries could not invade, German fascists would not invade Belgium and Norway.

Holland used to be the relative and savior of the Kaiser, so the Germans invaded.

It can be seen that fascism does not speak international law.

If they speak the law, they can only stay at home honestly and go nowhere.

Talking about international law with the invaders is equivalent to talking about morality with Ximen Qing and the legal system with jy in Li Kui.

Others said, "Japan does not need to declare war on Portugal, because Portugal has nothing to do with Japan, has not provoked Japan, and has no real contradiction with Japan."

This is even more outrageous, as if the country invaded by Japan was provoked by it.

China was defeated by him in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, and he ceded territory to pay reparations; Did China provoke the Japanese afterwards?

Do Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia have historical or realistic contradictions with Japan? Have they ever provoked Japan?

Therefore, Japan did not occupy Macao, not because the Japanese obeyed the rules; It's not because Portugal didn't provoke it.

Besides, Portugal has not only Macao in Asia, but also East Timor. East Timor and Oecussi are also Portuguese colonies.

However, in 1942, the Japanese army occupied East Timor and carried out a terrible massacre there.

If you want to know why Japan didn't occupy Macao, you must first understand why those countries and regions in Asia were occupied by Japan.

As we all know, Japan is an island country and lacks natural resources, such as oil, rubber, coal, iron ore and rare metals.

After Meiji Restoration, Japan quickly changed from a traditional agricultural country to a developed capitalist country.

The rise of Japanese industry has made its demand for resources reach the point of hunger and thirst.

Before the founding of the United Nations, there was no international order and the law of the jungle prevailed.

Before World War II, there was no distinction between justice and injustice in wars between countries. If you don't invade others, you will be invaded by others.

Therefore, Japan regards aggression and expansion as a basic national policy with only one purpose, that is, to expand territory and seize resources.

The Japanese invaded China because China has a vast territory and a large population.

So why did Japan invade Southeast Asian countries?

Mainly because the United States interrupted its trade with Japan.

Before the Lugouqiao Incident broke out on July 7th, 90% of Japan's scrap steel, 90% of its petroleum and petroleum products, 90% of its copper and 45% of its lead, and 70% of its machine tools necessary for expanding its military industry all came from one country, that is, the United States.

1937, the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out, exposing the insatiable face of the Japanese aggressors.

The United States and Britain have clearly realized the aggressive nature of Japan and adopted more and more severe economic sanctions against Japan.

1On July 26th, 940, President Roosevelt announced measures such as "moral embargo", "export license" and "economic embargo" against Japan.

After Japan entered China, the U.S. government announced the implementation of scrap export license system for Japan.

At the same time, Britain reopened the Burma Road and began to provide assistance to the Kuomintang government in China.

1941On July 28th, the United States and Britain froze Japanese capital in the United States and Britain.

1 941August1day, the United States made the most ruthless move and announced an oil embargo against Japan.

In September, the United States and Britain stopped all trade with Japan.

The practice of the United States and Britain is equivalent to tightly pinching Japan's neck; If it is indifferent, there are only two results waiting for it:

First, according to the requirements of the United States, withdraw all troops from the occupied China territories; The second is to continue the war of aggression in China, waiting to be defeated by China's army.

In the absence of war resources, China's army can defeat the Japanese no matter how bad its combat effectiveness is; Because the United States has already started its aid to China.

1February 1939 and1March 1940, Hu Shi and Chen Guangfu actively negotiated with the United States respectively, and won two loans totaling 45 million dollars for China.

This loan is based on the sale of tung oil and tin ore, which is known as tung oil loan and Yunxi loan in history. The U.S. government subsequently provided China with a credit of RMB 1 billion, including a metal loan of $50 million and a stabilization fund loan of $50 million.

From 65438 to 0942, the United States lent China 500 million dollars. From1September 1940 to1March 1942, the United States lent China 670 million dollars.

At this rate, it won't be long before the Japanese are driven out of China.

Naturally, Japanese fascists would not be willing to fail, but put all their eggs in one basket and went to war with the United States and Britain in order to obtain the resources of East India.

Why go to war with the United States and Britain to obtain resources? Because east indies is rich in oil and rubber resources.

If Japan wants to occupy Southeast Asia, the United States and Britain will definitely send troops; The Philippines was then a colony of the United States; Singapore is a British colony, and both countries are stationed there.

Therefore, Japan should strike first and hit the US Navy hard. So Japan attacked Pearl Harbor.

The countries and regions occupied by Japan in World War II are closely related to Japan's strategy.

It is either a resource-rich area or a strategic need, belonging to an island near Japan's maritime transportation line. That is, the islands that the United States and Britain can use as military bases.

Japan occupied Hong Kong because it is an important seaport, a bridge connecting Taiwan Province Province and Chinese mainland occupied by Japan, a transit point for Japan to provide military supplies to the Japanese invaders, and a port where the Japanese navy docked. The strategic position is very important.

There are two main reasons why Macao, which is only 60 kilometers away from Hong Kong, was not occupied by Japan.

It should be pointed out that although Japan did not occupy Macao, the Australian and Portuguese authorities succumbed to the arrogance of the Japanese and adopted a cooperative attitude towards the Japanese.

For example, the Japanese built a building in Koko Street in Macau, where the Japanese secret service is located.

Japanese puppet troops also pursued anti-Japanese people in Hong Kong and Macao unscrupulously in Macao.

For example, 1942, 1 1 This month, Liang Yanming, the principal of Macao education and a patriot, was killed by Japanese agents.

1942 65438+In February, Lin Zhuofu, the director of Hong Kong and Macao Branch, was assassinated by the Japanese puppet government.

Portugal and Macao also served as Japanese propaganda tools, severely cracked down on anti-Japanese war rhetoric, cut off news links with the mainland, and boasted that the Japanese army was in Macao. Southwest Daily and People's Daily are both public opinion tools controlled by the Japanese and the Puppet.

In short, there was no need to occupy Japan. If it is necessary, the Macao authorities will occupy it even if they cooperate again.

I'm Sasha I'll answer that.

Sasha, answer 8750.

The reason for this is the following：

First, Portugal is a neutral country.

At that time, neither Portugal nor Spain participated in World War II.

According to international law, the land leased by Portugal cannot be occupied, and offenders are tantamount to declaring war.

There is no need for Japan to declare war with Portugal, because the two sides are irrelevant and there is no contradiction between history and reality.

In the Pacific, Southeast Asia and East Asia where Japan tries to set foot, Portugal has no influence except a small Macao.

In Japan's view, there is no need to turn against Portugal.

Secondly, Portugal is pro-fascist.

Although it did not make a public statement like Spain, the Portuguese government had close ties with Nazi Germany.

Before the outbreak of World War II, Portugal had joined forces with Germany and Italy to fight against the Spanish * * * production party regime and launched a war.

During World War II, Portugal was inextricably linked with Nazi Germany and was not a neutral country in the true sense.

For example, Portugal is rich in tungsten ore, which is named as the skeleton of military industry, and Portugal also exports to Germany in large quantities.

Until the end of the war, Germany was losing ground, and defeat was a foregone conclusion. Portugal stopped exporting under the pressure of Britain and America.

Portugal and Italy have good relations.

As Japan is a member of the Axis, there is certainly no need to turn against Portugal.

Third, Japan can completely manipulate Macao to serve itself.

If you look at Mr. Stanley Ho's memoirs, you will know that Macao was basically under the control of the Japanese after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War.

Especially after the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese army invaded Hong Kong, although it did not occupy Macao, but it achieved actual control.

The Japanese secret service in Macao can arrest anti-Japanese elements without restraint.

Japan can commandeer ships from Macao at will, and even take them away by force of warships.

The Japanese army repeatedly threatened the Macao government, taking their occupation of Portuguese colony East Timor as a precedent, and declared that they would not cooperate and occupy Macao at any time.

Therefore, starting from 1942, the Macao government almost obeyed the orders of the Japanese army.

The Macao government was forced to recruit local young people and a large number of refugees in Macao to form a labor force to serve the Japanese army. These people were forcibly escorted by the Japanese army to Hainan Island and other places, and many people died.

Japan openly set up a so-called military material procurement center in Macao, buying and selling all kinds of scarce materials and selling Japanese goods through neutral Portugal. As the ships transported are all Portuguese flags, the Allies will not attack. At that time, Mr. He worked in such a place, and also served as a guard for transport ships.

At the same time, illegal financial activities were carried out in China through profiteers, such as buying silver and sending counterfeit legal tender to areas controlled by the national army.

After all, the colonial government of Macao has almost become a puppet of Japan. What is the need to completely occupy it?

Moreover, it is also beneficial to Japan in the war to keep the so-called neutral region like Macao as a middleman.

Only some people said that Portugal said that if you occupied Macao, I would arrest all Japanese nationals in Brazil. This is nonsense.

In fact, Brazil has long been independent from Portugal and established the Republic of China in 1889.

Brazilian dictator Getulio Vargas has nothing to do with Portugal, and there is no such thing as hiring Japanese nationals for Portugal.

The Portuguese government has a sense of identity with Nazism

Berlin's secret song

Japan launched the Pacific War.

At that time, the scenery was infinite

There was no invasion of Macao in the Ming Dynasty.

Private intelligence and metallurgical departments settled in it.

Seize the opportunity to get a lot of information

Therefore, the Japanese army did not blatantly occupy Macao.

# Ling Yuanchang #

Let's start with the conclusion, this is because Brazil, a South American country, does not allow it. 194 1 year, Japan bombed pearl harbor, China and the United States officially declared war on Japan, and the Pacific war broke out. 194 1 At the end of the year, the 38th Division of the Japanese invaders invaded Hong Kong. At this time, the Japanese army was only a stone's throw away from Macao, and Macao could no longer hold on to it, let alone have an army. The Japanese army, which could have made a leap forward, stopped. Because Portugal and Brazil blocked Japan's progress.

As we all know, Macao was a colony of Portugal at that time, and Portugal remained neutral during World War II. During the Second World War, Portugal remained neutral and traded strategic materials with warring countries. Earn some difference, and there is the contact between warring countries. The exchange of relevant personnel also needs to be carried out by neutral countries, so the warring parties also turn a blind eye to this. But this is not enough to stop the greedy Japanese invasion. In fact, what really stopped the Japanese invasion was Brazil in South America.

Brazil was once a colony of Portugal, although Brazil declared its complete independence from Portugal in 1822. 1825, Portugal officially recognized the independence of Brazil. Nevertheless, Portugal has great influence in Brazil, and the economic and political relations between the two governments are very close. Brazilian bureaucrats and elites are basically Portuguese descendants. Japan, on the other hand, has a very close relationship with sparsely populated Brazil. /kloc-When Brazil was just founded in the 9th century, it turned to Manchu for help and asked China to immigrate to Brazil, but Manchu did not agree. At the same time, Japan took the opportunity to immigrate to Brazil, and by World War II, the number of immigrants had reached more than three million. And it continues to this day. So Portugal warned Japan that if you dare to invade Macao, I will put pressure on the Brazilian government to repatriate all your expatriates in Brazil. However, as far as Macao is concerned, the occupation is of little practical significance to Japan, and it is not worth the loss with Portugal and Brazil, so Japan gave up its invasion of Macao.

However, Macao, which faces Hong Kong across the sea, was spared by the Japanese army. Why? Is it the Japanese who have a bad memory?

In fact, the reason is very simple. Macau is not worth a dozen.

To understand this problem, we must first understand why the Japanese are fighting.

Since the Meiji Restoration, Japan has rapidly realized industrialization, transforming from a backward agricultural country to one of the world powers. After industrialization, the demand for various resources has soared, but it happened that Japan is an island country or a particularly poor island country, and it doesn't matter what it wants.

Facing the hungry domestic industry, the Japanese government has only two choices, one is to increase trade, and the other is to plunder abroad. China, which is separated only by a strip of water from Japan, has become Japan's first choice. China has a vast territory, a large population and abundant resources, and China can get a huge market and the resources it dreams of. So the Japanese pointed the finger at China from the beginning.

Seeing the Japanese growing stronger in China, Americans can't sit still. The Japanese violated the vested interests of Americans in China. At the same time, some people in the American government also saw the face of the Japanese and felt that they should help the then National Government and restrict Japan. So the United States began to impose various sanctions on Japan. One of the cruelest measures is the oil embargo.

You should know that oil is the foundation of modern industry. Without oil, the whole industrial system can't work, let alone fight. Japan is only a country without oil, and oil is heavily dependent on imports, while oil and petroleum products exported by the United States account for more than 90% of the Japanese market.

In other words, when the United States sets foot on the road of oil to Japan, Japan will face a situation of no oil available. Without oil, the Japanese army of 6,543,800+in China will struggle, and the powerful joint fleet can only drift with the tide at sea, and it is almost impossible to ride the wind and waves.

The American action can be said to have hit the Japanese poisonous snake 7 inches. In the eyes of Americans, Chinese mainland people have no choice but to accept the conditions put forward by Americans and withdraw from Japan! However, Americans underestimate the bipolar spirit of the Japanese.

After the Meiji Restoration, a series of successful militaristic adventures in Japan greatly increased the confidence of the Japanese. They think that the United States is just a paper tiger and will not hesitate to turn against the United States. Unfortunately, America is not only a real tiger, but also a tiger with two nuclear balls.

Just at this moment, the Japanese who were carried away by the immediate victory have long forgotten so much. They decided to go south and fight against western countries such as the United States and Britain. In order to win the operational advantage in Southeast Asia, the Japanese joint fleet attacked Pearl Harbor. The purpose of the attack on Pearl Harbor was to paralyze the American army and win 1~2 years of invincible time at sea for the Japanese navy.

By virtue of its maritime advantage, it cut off the sea passage supported by countries such as the United States and Britain to Southeast Asia, giving the Japanese two years to cut leeks. The Japanese really swept across Southeast Asia and gained the oil resources that the Japanese dreamed of.

It can be seen that the ultimate goal of Japanese aggression is resources. And Macao just has no resources. There is also no resources, and Hong Kong and Macao are different. Hongkong is a good port, which can communicate with Chinese mainland and Taiwan Province Province, and at the same time, it can provide a transit point for Japanese to transfer goods.

So the Japanese stood in Hong Kong without saying anything, but they were indifferent to Macao, which was close at hand. Without resources and strategic value, Macao is not attractive to the Japanese. Moreover, with the strong force of the Japanese, although Macao was not occupied by the Japanese, it was not much different from being directly controlled by Japan.

Frightened by the powerful Japanese army, the Portuguese who control Macao have already knelt down to the Japanese and given the Japanese a green light to enter and leave Macao. Japan's notorious special high-tech office is in Macao, and the Japanese can arrest whoever they want, regardless of the Portuguese face. The Macao government also organized some young people to serve the Japanese army as laborers.

Does it make any difference whether such a Macao is under military occupation for the Japanese?

During World War II, it was always a hot topic that Macao was not occupied by Japanese troops. As for what reason? This statement is more.

Some people think it is because of the existence of Portugal. Portugal is a neutral country, pro-Nazi, and Macao is a colony of Portugal, so the Japanese army let go. It doesn't make sense. As a Portuguese colony, East Timor was still occupied on September 2nd. 1942.

Others think that Macao has no strategic value and is geographically insignificant, and the Japanese occupation only increases military spending.

Of course, the general explanation is that Japan did not attack Macao mainly because of a note from Brazil.

Liu Chengyu, a revolutionary in the late Qing Dynasty, wrote in Miscellanies of the World Hall:

Everyone can understand the above views, so we won't explain them. Liu Chengyu was an important figure in the late Qing Dynasty and even the Republic of China. He has personally experienced many historical events, and his works are credible.

This is just a family view, and the original files of relevant notes are seriously missing, and their authenticity needs further research.

However, some Japanese scholars pointed out the loopholes:

First, according to the statistics of Brazilian immigration authorities, there were only more than 200,000 Japanese overseas Chinese in Brazil at that time, far less than 3 million;

Second, Brazil declared its independence from Portugal in 1822, and it is not in Brazil's interest to make another note.

The above loopholes do exist, so we have reservations about the meeting. However, if we analyze it from another angle, we may get the answer.

After the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the instinctive reaction of the Australian and Portuguese authorities was to find living space and continue to maintain Portuguese rule in Macao. So flaunting neutrality has become the best choice. On the one hand, it does not offend the Japanese military and adopts a tolerant attitude towards pro-China behavior; On the other hand, China should be given necessary help, such as medical assistance.

After the fall of Guangzhou, the situation in Macao was in jeopardy. At that time, Japanese planes deliberately flew low over Macao as a threat. Australian and Portuguese authorities feel unprecedented pressure. Under the threat and wooing of Japan, the Australian and Portuguese authorities gradually fell to the side of compromise and attachment to Japan in order to protect themselves.

During this period, Japan set up consulates and secret service agencies in Macao to implement news control. According to some data, by doing so, Japan is forcing the Australian and Portuguese authorities to cooperate with the Wang puppet regime and stay away from the Chongqing government.

As can be seen from the above, under the suppression and wooing of Japan, the Australian and Portuguese authorities gradually moved towards the "neutral" road of compromise and dependence on Japan, and the Japanese army finally did not implement military occupation.

It is worth mentioning that although Japan has not occupied Macao militarily, it has imposed an economic blockade on it and intends to turn it into an important military intelligence base.

In fact, during the war, people from the north and the south came and went, and all kinds of information were intertwined, which became a channel for Chongqing and the Japanese Puppet to transmit information and exchange, just like Casablanca in Asia.

I remember a saying that the then Japanese government and the Portuguese government reached a secret agreement.

Before World War II, Japan had a large number of immigrants in South America, especially Brazil. The suzerain of Brazil is Portugal.

After the Japanese invaders occupied Hong Kong, they also threatened to occupy Macao. However, it was warned by the Portuguese government and refused. At that time, the Portuguese government told the Japanese that once Macao was occupied by Japan, Portugal would immediately expel all Japanese in Portuguese colonies in South America. At that time, South America was the only important source of raw materials for Japan. Without the help of Japanese immigrants there, Japan's resources for waging war would soon be exhausted.

Therefore, in the case that a strong dragon cannot defeat the local strongmen, Japan and the Portuguese government reached a secret agreement: Japan will not threaten to occupy Macao, and the Portuguese government will ensure that Macao will not carry out anti-Japanese actions, and at the same time ensure that Japan can continue to obtain war materials from South America.

What do you mean, dare not invade Macao? Although the Japanese did not enter Macao, the Japanese intelligence system openly entered Macao, and it was acquiesced by the Portuguese government.

First of all, the Portuguese government is dictatorial and ideologically similar to Japan and Germany.

Secondly, Japan needs Portugal as a neutral party, which is equivalent to Germany using Switzerland.

The Portuguese government had a good relationship with Germany at that time, and the strategic position of Macao was insignificant to Japan.

Macao is of little value to Japan.

We can compare Hong Kong. During World War II, Japan occupied Hong Kong. At that time, Hong Kong was a British colony, and Japan's southward strategy was mainly aimed at Britain and the United States. What Japan wants is to destroy Britain. Besides, Hong Kong itself is an important stronghold of Britain in this respect.

Look at Macao again. Portugal and the Nazis were very close at that time. At that time, the two men on Iberian Peninsula were members of the Axis countries, and their relationship with Japan was almost half an ally. Plus Portugal remained neutral, and Japan didn't hit him. And there was actually a Japanese consulate in that place at that time, but there were basically no Japanese in that place. His consulate was used as an intelligence station.

Macao itself is relatively small, with an area of 1 15 square kilometers. Xixiang street, Baoan District, Shenzhen covers an area of 55 square kilometers, and Macau is almost the size of two Xixiang towns. The population is also small, with 700,000 in Macau and 950,000 in Xixiang Street. How big is Hong Kong with a total area of 27 million square kilometers and a population of 7.5 million?

With such a contrast, there is a world of difference. Value is not high, the relationship is ambiguous, and nothing can occupy him.

Before the time is up, take a bite first, and then eat neutral.