I. Characteristics of the Central Geological Exploration Fund
(a) focus on supporting the country's urgent need for high-risk exploration of rare minerals.
The geological prospecting fund is mainly used to support the pre-exploration of key metallogenic belts and key minerals. In principle, the Central Geological Prospecting Fund will no longer invest in commercial mineral resources exploration projects that can all be invested by enterprises. The range of minerals supported by the Geological Exploration Fund is mainly the key minerals such as coal, coalbed methane, uranium, iron, copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, manganese, nickel, potassium salt and gold in the key metallogenic belt determined by the state, and other important minerals urgently needed by the state are given due consideration; In principle, the degree of work is controlled to the general survey, and it is necessary to divide mine fields and coal exploration areas with complex structures for detailed investigation.
(2) Operate the Central Geological Prospecting Fund according to the principle of market economy.
The whole process of the central geological prospecting fund project is open. On the premise of meeting the qualification requirements, all types of exploration subjects are equal, and market competition mechanism is introduced to optimize projects and exploration units; Adopt the principle of open operation, encourage legal entities of various ownership to declare projects according to the requirements of the Project Establishment Guide, and encourage local financial funds and social capital to participate in project investment, so that * * * can enjoy the benefits and * * * can bear the risks; According to the principle of contract management, stipulate the rights, responsibilities and obligations of all parties to the cooperation.
(3) Emphasize the guiding and pulling role of the Central Geological Prospecting Fund for social funds.
After all, the investment of the central geological prospecting fund is only one aspect of the investment field of mineral exploration in the whole country. To increase investment in exploration and improve the level of mineral resources security, we must rely on the prosperity of exploration market and the investment of social funds. Therefore, through authoritative demonstration and open operation, the Central Geological Exploration Fund promotes the cooperation between local funds and social capital, gives play to the guiding role of the fund in commercial mineral exploration, and improves the investment benefit of financial funds.
(four) the central geological exploration fund requires a return, but it does not aim at maximizing the income.
The central geological prospecting fund is a kind of industrial development risk fund, which is different from the general investment behavior, the mineral resources compensation fee used to subsidize or subsidize state-owned geological prospecting units in the past, and the geological prospecting fee is not the traditional financial allocation. According to the requirements of public finance, national public welfare geological work should be funded by the state finance, and commercial geological work should be funded by society and enterprises. The establishment of the central geological exploration fund is mainly used to support the preliminary exploration of key metallogenic belts and key minerals. As a link between public welfare geological work and commercial geological work, geological prospecting fund undertakes high-risk mineral exploration tasks. According to the market-oriented operation mode, the central geological prospecting fund and the cooperative parties will transfer the mining rights obtained from the project exploration with compensation, and then distribute them according to the investment ratio of all parties, so as to realize the paid transfer of mining rights and the benefits of all parties. Through the cooperation between the fund and social capital, the risk of social capital can be reduced, the investment of social capital can be stimulated, and the mechanism of "* * * taking risks and * * enjoying benefits" can be formed. The geological prospecting fund can realize the rolling development and virtuous circle while realizing the diversification of geological prospecting investment.
Second, the role of the Central Geological Exploration Fund.
Mineral products belong to resource products, and mineral resources exploration is the forerunner and basic work of economic and social development. In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy and the overall progress of society, the contradiction between supply and demand of mineral products has become increasingly prominent, which has become an important factor restricting China's comprehensive construction of a well-off society. In order to maintain the healthy and rapid development of the national economy, since the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the state has intensified macro-control by means of fiscal policy and monetary policy. The exploration, development and supply of mineral resources involve a series of economic policies, such as industrial policy, investment policy and price policy, and investment in mineral resources exploration involves monetary policy and fiscal policy. The establishment and operation of the central geological prospecting fund undoubtedly affects the variety, quantity and quality of mineral resources exploration and development, the supply of resources and the development of related industries, and then affects the development of the national economy. Therefore, one of the main purposes for the state to set up the central geological exploration fund is to increase the financial input for the preliminary exploration of mineral resources and at the same time enhance the state's macro-control ability for resource exploration and development.
Three. Central geological exploration fund mechanism
(A) innovation in the direction of fund investment
According to the changes in the global resource situation, we will constantly adjust the focus of support, pay special attention to reflecting the will of the state, and concentrate on doing a good job in the exploration of a large number of important minerals urgently needed for the development of the national economy.
(B) innovation in the implementation of the project
The geological prospecting fund focuses on "top-down" projects, supplemented by "bottom-up" projects, focusing on projects suitable for comprehensive exploration, and striving to achieve macro effects.
The so-called "top-down" project establishment means that the geological prospecting fund management institution conducts project selection demonstration according to the results of public welfare geological work such as land and resources survey, and puts forward mineral resources exploration projects with unregistered mining rights, which are confirmed and announced by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Finance, and the exploration units are optimized by competitive means such as bidding; "Bottom-up" project establishment means that the mining right owner prepares the project establishment report according to the relevant requirements of the "Guide to Annual Project Establishment of Geological Exploration Funds", and reports it to the fund management center after the preliminary examination by the provincial competent department, and then reports it to the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Finance for approval after organizing expert argumentation.
(3) Disposal of innovation achievements
Implement the withdrawal mechanism of the central geological prospecting fund. After the completion of the fund project, if mineral resources cannot be obtained and there is no further exploration significance, the investment in geological prospecting funds shall be written off after approval according to the prescribed procedures. For projects that can obtain mineral resources and can be used for further exploration, if the geological prospecting funds are fully invested, the mining rights shall be obtained through market competition in accordance with relevant state regulations; For cooperative investment projects, the fund transfers its rights and interests in accordance with the contract, and other cooperative investors have the priority to purchase, that is, after reaching the predetermined purpose of early risk exploration, the fund withdraws by transferring mining rights or transferring rights and interests, and is handed over to social funds for further exploration and development, so as to promote commercial mineral exploration and paid use of mineral resources.
(4) management methods
The Interim Measures for the Management of the Central Geological Exploration Fund (Working Capital) clearly stipulates the division of responsibilities, project and budget management, financial management, achievement management, mining right disposal, supervision and inspection of the Central Geological Exploration Fund. Geological exploration fund exploration projects are managed by contract system, and the rights, responsibilities and obligations of all parties are stipulated in the contract. The fund will establish a perfect supervision system, entrust a professional exploration project supervision organization to carry out project construction supervision and results inspection and acceptance in strict accordance with the exploration work norms and technical regulations, and supervise the funds, construction period and quality of the whole project to ensure the effective investment and results of the exploration fund.
(v) Income distribution
The income distribution of fund investment projects will fully consider the interests of the central, local, relevant partners and project exploration units. For projects fully invested by the fund, after deducting a certain proportion of the income left to the project exploration unit, the central and local governments will share it according to a fixed proportion; Cooperative investment in geological exploration fund projects, after deducting the income payable to the project exploration unit, shall be shared by the cooperative parties in proportion to the investment. The proportion of income left to the project exploration unit should be determined according to the factors that reflect the difficulty of exploration, such as minerals and project types, so as to realize the rights and interests of exploration intellectual labor and quantify them, and fully reflect the income of exploration intellectual labor of exploration units.