Survey location: Chongqing City, Youyang County, Tonggu Township, Shuiba Village.

Youyang County is located in the southeast corner of Chongqing.

It is a Tujia and Miao autonomous county and a municipal-level poverty-stricken county.

There are 39 towns in the county.

Among them, Shuiba Village is composed of 8 groups, with 265 households and 916 people in the village.

I selected one or two groups as the objects of investigation.

There are 72 households with 263 people in the two groups.

The village is built on the mountain and surrounded by mountains on all sides.

The residents here are all Tujia, but except for retaining a few traditional customs, no other ethnic minority characteristics can be seen.

Apparently it has all been Chineseized.

The residents here follow the farming industry inherited from their ancestors and make a living by it.

In order to make the investigation realistic and avoid subjective assumptions, I first made statistics on the population age composition, labor force structure and education level of the two groups.

The statistics are as follows: Age Educational Level 0 years old ~ 20 years old 21 years old ~ 40 years old 41 years old ~ 60 years old 60 years old and above Elementary school 71 89 27 36 Junior high school 18 11 5 0 High school 2 0 0 0 University 1 0 0 0 *** Total

92 100 35 36 From the table above, we can see that the education level of residents here is generally low, and it is painfully low.

Even nine-year compulsory education is a problem.

Nearly 20 of the 92 people under the age of 20 in the table are now working outside the home, and almost 90% of those over the age of 16 are among them.

Those with the highest wages among these child laborers cannot get 1,000 yuan per month for living expenses and other expenses, and some cannot even earn travel expenses home; and more than 60% of the 100 people aged 21 to 40 go out to work

Outside, with no culture or skills, almost all of them make money by selling hard work, and they work overtime and live frugally.

And the real money that can be earned is pitifully small; even many farmers over 40 years old are rushing out to work.

In rural areas, going out to work seems to have become a trend.

And for such a group of people who are often discriminated against by the city, the outside world is so strange and full of thorns.

But they have to do it in order to survive...

The countryside is too poor and being a farmer is too hard, so they are all rushing out.

From this, I can't help but think of the "Letter to the Premier" written by Li Changping, Secretary of the Party Committee of Qipan Township, Jianli County, Hubei Province in March 2000.

He wrote at the beginning of his letter: "With infinite loyalty to the party and deep sympathy for the farmers, I am writing to you with tears in my eyes. What I want to say to you is that the farmers today are really miserable and the countryside is really poor.

Farming is so dangerous!”

The book writes: In rural areas, blind flow is like "floods", burdens are like "Mountain Tai", debts are like "Mount Everest", cadres are like "locusts", responsibility systems are like "shackles", policies are like "rumors", and lies are like "

truth"…….

As a native of rural areas, I can truly feel how poor the countryside is and how miserable farmers are.

But when I saw the "Letter of the Premier", I couldn't help but feel touched.

During this investigation, I began to re-examine: how poor the countryside is and how miserable the farmers are.

During the survey, when asked "How much is your per capita income every year?" a villager asked me to do some calculations for him.

Now list them in the table below: Project cereals, corn, two pigs, agricultural and sideline products, one person working outside the home earns 1,500 jins, 1,100 jins, one to eat and one to sell (600 yuan) 200 yuan, 2,500 yuan, project fertilizers, seeds, pesticides, various fund-raising by students, daily agricultural tax expenditure of 250

100 yuan, 250 yuan, 20 yuan, 200 yuan, 50 yuan. The 1,500 kilograms of grain and 1,100 kilograms of corn in the table cannot be counted as RMB.

Excluding the feed required to feed the pigs, the remaining grain is just enough to eat.

Now let’s calculate this account for them: 60202500=3300 yuan, 3300-250-100-250-20-200-50=2430 yuan. Based on the average of 3.5 people per household, the per capita income will not reach 700 yuan.

.

This is quite different from the national statistics that “the per capita income of rural areas in my country increased from 113.6 yuan in 1978 to 2,366 yuan in 2001.”

Where did this 2,366 yuan come from?

Qiu Xiaohua, deputy director of the National Bureau of Statistics, pointed out: In 2001, the per capita income of urban residents in China was 6,860 yuan and that of farmers was 2,366 yuan. So the ratio should have been 3:1. When a large part of the 2,366 yuan was a bad check, the actual income of farmers

It’s only 1,800 yuan, which means the ratio may be 5:1 or even 6:1.

Comparing the farmers I surveyed with this 6,860 yuan, the ratio is nearly 10:1.