my country began to reform its social security system in the 1980s.

Since the mid-to-late 1990s, the pace of reform and construction of China's social security system has accelerated significantly, and a new social security system, especially the overall framework of the social insurance system, has been initially established.

As the most populous developing country in the world, China is still facing many difficulties and problems in the reform and development of its social security system.

Focus 1: From work unit security to social security. China’s social security system before the reform took public economic units (urban enterprises and institutions, rural people’s communes, and production brigades) as the implementation units, and the state finances provided the bottom line (it would not bankrupt the economic units).

) is the characteristic "unit" guarantee.

It adopts a pay-as-you-go operation mode. Individuals do not directly bear the security costs, and differentiated security benefits are implemented according to the social status stipulated by the state (such as cadres, workers, farmers, etc.).

The unit security system is a product of the planned economic system, closely related to the nature of state-owned enterprises, and has become a typical manifestation of the mismatch between the roles of the government and enterprises.

Enterprises (units) run the society to form a unit security system rather than a "socialized" social security system.

After the implementation of the reform and opening up policy, the unit security system is increasingly unable to adapt to the requirements of enterprise competition and labor mobility, and there is an urgent need to establish a social security system that is independent of the enterprise.

The new social security system is a socialized social security system. It should not only promote the transformation of employees from "unit people" to "social people", but also the system itself must be economically sustainable and take into account the scope, level and degree of security.

fairness.

Therefore, the new security system must change the "complete" responsibility of the unit and the state to cover the whole situation. Fund raising must move from a single subject to diversification. Security benefits should be linked to "contribution" rather than "status", and strive to achieve rights and obligations.

The unity of fairness and efficiency.

This is exactly the goal that my country's social security system has gradually clarified in the reform process, which is to establish a social security system that is independent from enterprises and institutions, has diversified funding sources, standardized security systems, and socialized management and services.

In line with the above goals, China has gradually reformed its social insurance, social assistance and social welfare systems, promoting the development of a new social security system.

By the end of 2001, there were 108.02 million employees nationwide participating in basic pension insurance (the socialized basic pension payment rate for 31.65 million enterprise retirees reached 98%), 54.71 million employees participating in basic medical insurance, and 103.55 million employees participating in unemployment insurance.

There were 34.55 million employees covered by maternity insurance and 43.45 million employees participating in work-related injury insurance. The income and expenditure of the national social insurance fund that year reached 291.46 billion yuan and 259.1 billion yuan respectively. The cumulative savings of social insurance funds over the years were 139.66 billion yuan; social relief and social welfare throughout the year

Public expenditures reached 42.6 billion yuan, covering more than 15 million urban and rural residents receiving minimum living allowances, more than 60 million urban and rural residents receiving temporary relief, and a considerable number of preferential treatment recipients, disabled people, and some special security groups.

Focus 2: Major progress in the reform of the social security system. my country began to reform the social security system in the 1980s.

Since the mid-to-late 1990s, with the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises, the pace of reform and construction of China's social security system has accelerated significantly. At present, a new social security system, especially the overall framework of the social insurance system, has been initially established.

(1) The pension insurance system for urban enterprise employees has moved from decentralization to unity.

In 1997, the State Council issued the "Decision on Establishing a Unified Basic Pension Insurance System for Enterprise Employees", defining a unified pension insurance system for urban enterprise employees.

In 1998, the government organizational reform determined that the Ministry of Labor and Social Security was the unified management agency for the management of the social insurance system. Industry coordination was gradually transferred to local governments. The long-standing "fragmentation" situation in the pension insurance system was basically ended, and the urban enterprise pension insurance system was basically unified.

.

(2) The reform of the urban medical insurance system is gradually deepening.

The medical insurance system involves complex relationships between the insured parties, medical institutions, and the pharmaceutical market, making its reform more tortuous.

In 1998, the State Council promulgated the "Decision on Establishing a Medical Insurance System for Urban Employees", which defined the basic framework of the urban medical insurance system.

(3) The reform of the unemployment insurance system has taken solid steps.

As a country in transition of its economic system, how to digest the tens of millions of redundant employees trapped in "ineffective employment" in state-owned enterprises has become a "difficulty" that China must overcome in deepening the reform of state-owned enterprises and accelerating the pace of marketization.

The unemployment (unemployment) insurance system established in the 1980s is unable to fulfill this important task due to its narrow coverage, low fundraising ratio, and small fund size.

As a last resort, China adopted a two-pronged approach of establishing an unemployment insurance system and a "laid-off" system for employees of state-owned enterprises to ensure social stability in the process of marketization of employment.

In 1999, the State Council promulgated the "Regulations on Unemployment Insurance", which increased the collection ratio of unemployment insurance benefits, expanded the scale of the fund, and increased its role.