1, P2P network protocol.
P2P network is the basic computing architecture of the whole blockchain. In the blockchain distributed network, the concept of central server is weakened, that is, no central hub is needed. Each node in the network can exist as an independent individual. These nodes can be used as both servers providing services and clients sending requests.
They can directly exchange resources without bridging servers: the information sent from one node will be sent to neighboring nodes after verification, and each neighboring node will send transactions to other neighboring nodes, which will eventually spread to all nodes in the blockchain network, thus realizing the direct sharing and utilization of resources among users.
2. Encryption technology.
In terms of encryption technology, blockchain uses asymmetric encryption algorithm. Asymmetric encryption, that is, encrypting a piece of information, actually uses two keys, public key and private key, instead of a single key, which can ensure the security of point-to-point information transmission in distributed networks.
The public key is publicly visible on the whole network. Everyone can encrypt a piece of information with their own public key and generate a hash value, so as to ensure the integrity and authenticity of the information and ensure that both sides of the information transmission can safely transmit the key on the untrusted network. The private key is not public. The information owner should highly protect the security of the private key, because the information encrypted by the public key can only be decrypted by the person who owns the corresponding private key.
3. Smart contracts.
The term "smart contract" was first put forward by legal scholar Nick Szabo in 1995. His definition is that a smart contract is a set of commitments defined in digital form. The public can understand smart contracts as smart contracts, which allow credible transactions without the supervision of third parties. These transactions can be traced and irreversible.
4. * * * Knowledge mechanism.
A blockchain transaction algorithm to realize distributed knowledge. Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger system, which can be used to register and issue digital assets, property certificates, points and so on. , and transfer, pay and trade in a peer-to-peer manner. Compared with the traditional centralized ledger system, the blockchain system has the advantages of being completely open, unchangeable and preventing multiple payments.
And does not depend on any trusted third party. Due to the high network delay of peer-to-peer network, the transaction sequence observed by each node cannot be completely consistent. Therefore, the blockchain system needs to design a mechanism to identify the order of almost simultaneous transactions. This algorithm to know the order of transactions in a time window is called "* * * knowledge mechanism".