Editor's note:
In order to firmly establish the people-centered development idea, continuously promote the protection of consumers' rights and interests in the banking and insurance industries, and guide the banking and insurance institutions to improve their service quality and efficiency, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China officially launched the "March 15th" education and publicity week on the protection of consumers' rights and interests in the banking and insurance industries in 219, with the unified slogan of "optimizing services with consumers as the center", aiming at guiding the banking and insurance institutions to strengthen their services. Enhance consumers' cognitive ability of financial products and services, guide consumers to protect their rights legally and rationally, and optimize the financial ecological environment to better meet the growing needs of the people for a better life.
On the occasion of "March 15th", China Bank Insurance News planned to launch a special issue to introduce and remind financial consumers from the perspectives of preventing illegal fund-raising, improving the aging of financial services and guarding against excessive consumption, so as to guide them to use financial services correctly and understand their own rights and interests. Advocate the concept of rational consumption, cultivate a good ecological environment for financial consumption, and enhance the sense of acquisition of financial consumers.
Keep in mind the risk prevention of investment
Reporter Fang Wenbin
Rational investment keeps away from illegal fund-raising
In recent years, major criminal cases of illegal fund-raising such as "e-renting treasure", "Qian Bao" and "Pan Asia" have broken out one after another, especially since 218, the continuous lightning explosion of P2P peer-to-peer lending platform has caused huge property losses to investors, and many people's hard-earned money has "hit Shui Piao".
"Too few investment channels are the reason why many people choose P2P." Yao Jinwei, a lecturer at the School of Economics and Finance of the Institute of International Relations, told China Bank Insurance.
in order to prevent and dispose of illegal fund-raising and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the public, the State Council has promulgated the Regulations on Prevention and Disposal of Illegal Fund-raising (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations), which will take effect on May 1, 221.
Cai Hua, deputy to the 13th National People's Congress and president of Tianjin Lawyers Association, said that the Regulation has adjusted the governance of illegal fund-raising from "chasing and intercepting" to "dredging" and "blocking", which has a very positive role in preventing and handling the formation of the governance system of illegal fund-raising.
"On the surface, illegal fund-raising is an illegal act in the financial field, disrupting the market operation order of banking financial institutions to absorb deposits. However, in practice, illegal fund-raising for the purpose of normal operation accounts for less and less, and more and more people cheat money in the name of' investment and wealth management'. At the same time, the cloak of illegal fund-raising is increasingly fancy, the packaging is increasingly complex, and the concealment is increasing. This requires that the disposal of illegal fund-raising risks must adhere to' early detection, early identification, early warning and early disposal'. " Talent reminds the general public that illegal fund-raising is not protected by law. It is important to remember that "if the rate of return exceeds 6%, it will be a question mark, and if it exceeds 8%, it will be very dangerous" and stay away from illegal fund-raising.
On November 27th, 22, Liu Fushou, the chief lawyer of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, announced in the "Caijing Annual Meeting 221: Forecast and Strategy" that the risk of Internet finance has dropped sharply, and the number of P2P online lending institutions actually operating in China has dropped from about 5, in the peak period to zero in mid-November, 22.
Although P2P online lending institutions have all been cleared, it does not mean that illegal fund-raising cases can be completely eliminated, and new risks such as "counterfeit banks" cannot be ignored. Zhong Zhang, a lawyer of Beijing Tongshang Law Firm, said that "counterfeit bank" means that individual companies are the same as banks in terms of decoration, layout, organization and personnel address, which makes ordinary people mistakenly think that they are banks and establish contractual relations with them, resulting in property losses. As an ordinary consumer, how to avoid being fooled by "counterfeit banks" is a comprehensive problem. In addition to strengthening government supervision, consumers should establish rational investment and values in order to effectively avoid risks.
At present, there are many investment channels, such as stocks, funds, bonds, precious metals and bank deposits. Zhong Zhang believes that rational consumers should invest in products that match their own knowledge level and understanding of investment products, and don't invest their money in unfamiliar areas.
Creating an atmosphere of rational rights protection according to law
The famous German jurist Yelling wrote in Struggle for Rights that it is everyone's sacred obligation to struggle for rights.
In real life, we should pay attention to ways and means to safeguard our rights, and it is not advisable to adopt irrational methods, especially we should not use violence to oppose injustice. Not only has the problem not been solved, but we can easily pay a great price for it.
it is more conducive to promoting the solution of the problem to safeguard rights reasonably according to law. For example, the supervision has repeatedly reminded the vast number of insurance consumers that in the process of purchasing financial products or enjoying services, they can directly complain to financial institutions through formal channels, advocate civil rights and interests, and reasonably safeguard their rights according to law.
how to protect rights reasonably according to law? Zhong Zhang believes that consumers should consult reliable professionals, such as customer service of insurance companies, when they receive such "beautiful" information as "agent surrender", "full surrender" and "it is more cost-effective to return the old ones and buy new ones", and don't make a hasty decision just by listening to the boasting of salesmen. When consumers' rights are infringed, they should consult and seek help from the competent authorities (such as Market Supervision Administration and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission) or consumer associations in time, which can effectively prevent the loss from expanding and recover some losses. At the same time, he also suggested that consumers learn some legal knowledge or seek the help of professionals in legal and related fields, so as to better improve their awareness and ability of safeguarding rights.
In addition, Yao Jinwei believes that it is necessary to expand consumers' awareness of rational rights protection according to law and improve their rights protection ability through financial investment education. In particular, consumers should fully understand the composition and functions of the financial supervision system, clarify the legal ways and means of rights protection, and understand the relevant financial consumer protection policies, so as to achieve "knowing, being able to protect rights, being able to protect rights, and being good at protecting rights". Financial consumers should take the initiative to strengthen financial knowledge and policy learning and overcome the speculative mentality of blindly following the trend.
Wait for the elderly
Reporter Hu Yang
Slightly esoteric financial products and increasingly intelligent financial services are deeply troubling the elderly. A series of "digital gaps" have hindered the elderly from adapting to and integrating into the smart society, greatly reducing their sense of acquisition, happiness and security in the development of information technology.
how to better meet the financial needs of the elderly? Under the guidance of the regulatory authorities, all kinds of financial institutions are actively thinking.
Promoting the aging of financial services
The research results of Ningbo Financial Consumer Rights Protection Association show that at this stage, manual service is still the first choice of banking services for the elderly in China, and its demand and acceptance of digital financial services are low. Take Ningbo as an example, as a new first-tier city with developed economy, only 55% of the local elderly have opened mobile banking.
According to Hu Langliang, the business department of Hubei Branch of China Construction Bank, due to physical condition and education level, elderly customers generally reject financial services such as electronic channels and self-service channels of banks, prefer safe and simple settlement tools, and rely heavily on manual services at the counter. At the same time, elderly customers mainly handle savings and wealth management business at outlets, with savings business accounting for about 7%, of which passbook deposit business accounts for as much as 9%, and it is objectively difficult to separate self-service channels from electronic channels.
The strong dependence of the elderly on artificial services requires financial institutions to give patient and thoughtful guidance.
China Bank Insurance News found that most bank outlets in Beijing are equipped with service facilities convenient for the elderly, such as setting up special service windows, dividing love seats and providing reading glasses, magnifying glasses and medicine boxes, which shows special care for the elderly.
For smart counters or self-service equipment, most banks also require front-line business personnel to provide all-round guidance without touching the privacy of elderly customers, so as to effectively solve the difficulties encountered by the elderly in using intelligent technology.
considering the mobility difficulties of the elderly, some banks actively explore door-to-door services. For example, a large state-owned bank uses the mobile exhibition industry to provide financial services for the elderly, and uses mobile terminals such as tablet computers to realize mobile business acceptance, on-site investigation, on-site photo collection and other information collection work. Through electronic and information-based data and image flow, it uses the network to connect with the back-office business system and "move" the counter to customers.
Beijing Branch of a stock bank has launched some exclusive financial products for the elderly, such as bank cards that can provide additional insurance and special telephone services. The elderly who call the hotline can skip the voice navigation and key operation, and be directly connected by the exclusive manual customer service.
constrained by the degree of economic development, it is a long way to go for financial services in rural areas to "adapt to aging". With the passbook business gradually withdrawing from the market, many elderly people are not aware of the changes in their accounts with only one bank card, which will lead to panic. In view of this situation, some rural commercial banks launched the "deposit-to-account book" business to help cardholders check the income and expenditure details of accounts, which not only eased the panic of the elderly from folding to cards, but also prevented certain financial risks.
at the same time, supervision is also strengthening guidance to improve the availability and satisfaction of daily financial services for the elderly. After the General Office of the State Council issued the "Implementation Plan on Effectively Solving the Difficulties of the Elderly in Using Intelligent Technology" in November last year, the central bank immediately made it clear that it would guide financial institutions to focus on the daily high-frequency financial scenes of the elderly and create "suitable" financial services that are integrated online and offline and meet the needs of the elderly.
Improving the self-protection ability of the elderly
According to statistics, in recent years, among the victims of illegal fund-raising financial fraud cases, the proportion of elderly people over 6 years old is as high as 7%. Criminals mostly use "promoting sales activities to guide elderly customers to buy financial products with false high returns", "attracting elderly customers to invest in high-yield and high-return false pension projects in the name of investing in pension apartments" and "falsely promoting high returns under the name of P2P"
The research of Ningbo Financial Consumers' Rights Protection Association pointed out that, in addition to the lack of cognitive ability for new things, financial institutions lack targeted financial knowledge education for customers, which also led to the fact that many financial knowledge propaganda did not actually translate into the knowledge and skills of the elderly.
In this regard, the Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference on Dealing with Illegal Fund-raising has specifically proposed: to focus on key groups, efforts should be made to increase the publicity of the elderly, young students and other groups, and differentiated publicity should be carried out according to the cognitive characteristics and acceptance habits of different audiences.
China Bank Insurance News noted that some banks have carried out special financial knowledge education activities for the elderly. A large state-owned bank held a micro salon in its outlets to introduce the harm of telecom fraud and money laundering cases, so as to improve the elderly's understanding of illegal financial activities such as telecom fraud, money laundering and illegal fund-raising, and strive to form a normalized mechanism for the education of financial knowledge of the elderly.
some insurance companies focus on financial products commonly used by the elderly, and carry out education and publicity on insurance service policies for the elderly. for example, an insurance company has launched activities such as "entering the community", "entering the nursing home" and "entering the university for the elderly" to popularize relevant financial knowledge.
Young people don't overspend
Reporter Yu Han
According to the latest statistics of China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), by December 22, the number of netizens in China reached 989 million, among which young netizens accounted for more than 4%.
due to the rise of young netizens, online shopping consumption is constantly welcoming new forces, so some financial institutions smell business opportunities. Financial products such as consumer installment, student credit card and P2P online loan flooded into the campus, and "campus loan" became popular.
In 22, Nielsen, an authoritative research organization, released the Report on the Debt Situation of Young People in China in 219, which showed that 86.6% of young people were using credit products, and half of them had accumulated debts. Among young people, the overall penetration rate of credit products is 86.6%; The average debt-to-income ratio of young people is 41.75%, and only 13.4% of young people have zero debt.
The main cause of young people's excessive debt is over-consumption and even over-consumption. On December 29th last year, the Consumer Protection Bureau of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission issued a risk warning, saying that some online platforms over-marketed financial products such as loans or credit card overdrafts through various online consumption scenarios to induce young people to consume ahead of time and over-consume. Some institutions even lend excessively to students who lack repayment ability, and make compulsory collection after default, which causes a series of social problems.
At this year's National People's Congress, Chen Haiyi, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of the juvenile family court of Guangzhou Intermediate People's Court, disclosed a set of data to the outside world: since the establishment of Guangzhou Internet Court in August 218, * * * has accepted 113,223 cases of trial and execution of Internet disputes. Among them, the cases in which the defendant is a natural person and involves online consumption and lending account for nearly half, and more than 6% of the cases are young people under the age of 35, which shows a continuous upward trend. Based on this, Chen Haiyi proposed that a mechanism should be established to prevent and help young people from getting out of debt.
According to the relevant person in charge of the Consumer Protection Bureau of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the online platform induces excessive lending, first of all, information disclosure is improper, and there is a risk of misleading sales. Some organizations or online platforms unilaterally emphasize the conditions of low daily interest rate, interest-free period and zero interest rate installment when promoting. However, the so-called "zero interest" does not mean zero cost, and there are often "service fees", "handling fees" and "overdue charges", and the actual comprehensive annualized interest rate of such products may be very high. Some marketing intentionally blurs the actual cost of borrowing, which easily leads to misunderstanding or cognition and infringes on consumers' right to know. Secondly, some online platforms over-package marketing, which makes consumers fall into the blind and unrestrained consumption trap, especially easy to mislead people with weak financial knowledge and teenagers without stable income sources. Thirdly, some platforms also over-collect and abuse customer information, and there is a risk of improper use and disclosure of personal information.
In this regard, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission Consumer Rights Protection Bureau reminds consumers to establish a rational consumption concept of living within their means and stay away from the marketing trap of excessive borrowing.
It is worth mentioning that, due to the popularity of campus loan products, cases of "routine loan" for young people have also occurred frequently. On October 26th last year, the China Consumers Association issued a warning to remind college students to be wary of bad campus loans, especially the scams under the name of "cancellation of campus loans", "entrepreneurship loans" and "training loans". At the same time, it is suggested that college students should establish a correct consumption concept and not over-consume and over-consume.
At this year's two sessions, Li Jun, deputy to the National People's Congress and secretary of the Party branch of Xiuyun Village, Baiyi Town, Cangxi County, Sichuan Province, suggested that the supervision and rectification of online loans should be strengthened, and it is suggested that it is forbidden to apply for credit cards and provide installment loans to students at school.