However, Russia gave a different answer.
Since the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the number of Russian retired people who used to receive 1 10,000 rubles (about RMB 1.052 yuan) per month has plummeted to only 500 yuan, which is almost half less. I still take that much, but the money is not worth that much.
It is said that there is something wrong with Russian pension. What's wrong with Russian pension?
In recent years, Russia's pension strategy can be summarized as "trying to maintain" and has been trying to repair it since the birth of the pension.
As a socialist country in the early Soviet Union, the pension belongs to the form of distribution according to work, and the amount of pension depends on the length of service. At first, the state and enterprises paid for old-age care, which caused a heavy burden on the state.
In the subsequent reform, Russia extended the scope of pension payment to enterprises and individual employees, and established a pension system independent of the national budget. However, in the process of reform, government supervision is lax, pensions are linked to wages, and there is no obvious difference in pensions after retirement, which leads many enterprises to falsely report their wages and evade payment. People in poor areas are more motivated to pay pensions than those in rich areas. During this period, the pension level of Russian retirees has not improved, but has declined rapidly. 1999 The pension in Russia is only 40% of that in 1992.
This is the origin of the most criticized problem of Russian retirees-the amount of Russian pension is very low.
Although Russia subsequently raised the minimum wage, tried to raise the amount of pension, and gradually formed a "three-pillar" pension system, but the aging that followed intensified, the life expectancy of Russian people prolonged, and the pension reserve became increasingly insufficient. At the beginning of 20 18, the balance of Russian national reserve fund was basically exhausted, and Russia began to supplement the pension fund with government financial money.
Russia freezes personal payment of some pensions.
With good national performance and high national fiscal revenue, there will be no major problems. However, with Russia's perennial activities and sanctions from many countries, the fiscal revenue once showed a deficit.
This has led to the situation that Russia takes the money from financial subsidies back to the pension fund.
In 20 14, President Putin signed a presidential decree, temporarily freezing part of the pension paid by individuals, detaining part of the pension insurance paid by individuals all over Russia, and temporarily not transferring it to the pension fund pool, but being subsidized by the state.
This was originally a temporary emergency measure after Russia annexed Crimea. However, the national finance has been in a hurry and the policy has been postponed many times. On February 8, 2020, Putin signed a presidential decree to extend the Russian pension freeze period again. This freeze period has been extended to the end of 2023, and the "state of emergency" should be ten years.
In addition, he was forced to sign the extended retirement bill.
20 18, 10 Russian president Vladimir Putin officially signed a bill on delayed retirement, gradually raising the retirement age for men from 60 to 65 and for women from 55 to 63 from 20 19.
The average life expectancy of Russian men is less than 66 at the age of 65. On average, Russian men have paid their pensions for decades and may not get a penny. Look at the demonstrations that have sprung up in many places, and you will know how many people are against this policy.
Putin said: "Without reform, the pension system will crack and eventually collapse."
A subsequent survey of Russians' attitudes towards pensions released by all-Russian polling agencies shows that only 43% of the respondents still have expectations for state pensions, while at the same time, 40% said they had decided to "forget to pay pensions".
The implementation of Russian pension policy is very tortuous, but the system is basically similar to China's current "three pillars" pension system. The normal operation of pensions in China is closely related to the joint efforts of the state and people. Even in the process of actively promoting delayed retirement all over the world, China's delayed retirement has been put off again and again, and people's opinions are being actively sought. It can be seen that the construction of China's pension system attaches great importance to people's wishes. At present, China's accumulated pension balance exceeds 6 trillion, which is about 13% of GDP, although it is not like the United States and Australia.