Risk of fund supervision in enterprise financial management
1. Risks in the procurement process
Under the "core-periphery" division of labor mode, small and medium-sized enterprises are faced with the risks brought by asymmetric information and incomplete information in the procurement process.
1. Information asymmetry. In the case that the purchasing personnel get more purchasing information than the financial personnel, it will inevitably make the financial personnel in the information weak side. In this way, it will be possible to motivate procurement personnel to implement opportunistic behavior. Because this opportunistic behavior can be hidden by accounting technology, the financial risk it produces is very hidden and cumulative.
2. The information is not perfect. Under the "core-periphery" division of labor structure, small and medium-sized enterprises must match the core enterprises when determining the production capacity level. This kind of matching has strong volatility, and the transmission path of volatility is as follows: market demand change-capacity adjustment of core enterprises-capacity adjustment of small and medium-sized enterprises. It can be seen that due to the time lag, the amount of materials purchased by small and medium-sized enterprises may be too much, resulting in a waste of funds.
Second, the risk of production.
Under the background that all kinds of enterprises generally attach importance to total quality management, the production link has become an important part of capital investment, and it is also the field with the largest capital investment. Among them, labor cost and material consumption cost have become the key aspects of capital expenditure. What needs to be emphasized here is that under the scientific and reasonable production mode, the above expenditure does not cause the risk of capital supervision, but if the cost control is not effective, it will lead to additional capital investment, which will constitute the risk of capital recovery.
It is not difficult to understand that under the employment relationship of small and medium-sized enterprises, there is a natural opposition between front-line employees and enterprise management, and the concentrated expression of this opposition lies in weakening cost control. Although the management has a perfect production supervision system, in the face of inseparable team operation mode and technology, the control of production cost is still in an embarrassing dilemma.
Third, the risk of the sales link.
The sales link is embodied in the W-G stage in the capital circulation formula, which is also called "a thrilling leap" by Marx. It is not difficult to find that under the structure of division of labor around the core, the products of small and medium-sized enterprises need to be purchased by core enterprises, and the purchase quantity of products by core enterprises is affected by product quality and final product quantity. In addition, even if all the products of small and medium-sized enterprises are purchased by core enterprises, the speed of capital withdrawal is still very uncertain. The above two factors amplify the risk coefficient of fund recovery in sales.
Construction of fund supervision mechanism in enterprise financial management
First, strengthen the post literacy of financial personnel.
In order to supervise the use of funds such as material procurement, the financial managers of small and medium-sized enterprises need to have good post literacy first. In addition to traditional accounting skills, this literacy also includes post awareness and mastery of basic professional knowledge within the production scope of enterprises. The promotion of post consciousness will promote financial personnel to go out and interact with various functional departments, and reduce the influence of information asymmetry; Mastering basic professional knowledge can help financial managers to evaluate the material procurement budget reasonably, thus establishing a pre-guarantee for strengthening fund supervision.
Second, improve the supervision mechanism of procurement funds.
In strengthening the post quality of financial personnel, it has been mentioned that it is necessary to strengthen the information interaction between financial personnel and business department personnel, and to have knowledge related to the production scope of enterprises. It is also necessary to discuss the establishment of credit constraint mechanism here. The role of reputation constraint mechanism is that buyers will measure the opportunity cost caused by reputation damage before implementing opportunistic behavior. Moreover, the reputation constraint mechanism is most suitable in a relatively closed organizational environment, so the relatively narrow organizational environment of small and medium-sized enterprises is convenient for this kind of supervision mechanism. The specific methods include: publicizing the purchasing funds of purchasing personnel on the internal information platform of the enterprise for the supervision of all employees; In addition, it is necessary to establish a risk fund to cope with the possible capacity adjustment decisions made by core enterprises.
Third, optimize the supervision mechanism of production funds.
In view of the unreliability of team work mode and technology, the management of small and medium-sized enterprises should introduce the market principle in the production field, that is, the production budget funds should be graded first and then handed over to the team. On the basis of ensuring product quality and unit productivity, if there are any surplus funds, they can be reserved for the welfare funds of team members in proportion. In this way, an effective fund supervision mechanism is established at a single level. Of course, when using this fund, the team leader still needs to follow the financial management system and put an end to the current behavior.
Fourth, strengthen the supervision mechanism of sales funds.
This paper has been paying attention to how small and medium-sized enterprises strive for their own rights and interests in a weak market position, which requires efforts from two aspects. First of all, although it is repeatedly stressed that SMEs may fall into the quagmire of technology lock-in, at the same time, if the production of SMEs is highly matched with the needs of core enterprises, core enterprises will be locked. Therefore, based on this logic, small and medium-sized enterprises have the advantage of strengthening contract execution. Secondly, small and medium-sized enterprises should actively expand the cooperative market with the same type of core enterprises to avoid the damage of subjective and objective factors of a single core enterprise to the return of funds for small and medium-sized enterprises.