The aristocratic education system in the Zhou Dynasty in China began in the Zhou Dynasty in BC 1046, which required students to master six basic talents: etiquette, music, archery, bending, calligraphy and mathematics. From "Bao's Family in Zhou Li": "Cultivating the country by Tao is to teach six arts: one is five rituals, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five emperors' rituals, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers." This is the "Six Arts" of "Five Classics and Six Arts".
Extended data:
First kind
The six arts are ceremony, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and counting. "Zhou Li Bao's Family": "Raising the son of the country by Tao is to teach six arts: one is five rites, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five orders, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers." Six topics on the education of aristocratic children in Zhou Dynasty. "Art" means "artistic ability".
That is, ceremony, music, shooting, restraint, writing and counting. Rites include politics, morality, patriotism, behavior habits and so on; Music includes music, dance, poetry, etc. Shooting is the training of archery skills; Royal is to cultivate the technology of driving chariots; Books are literacy education; Figures include the teaching of natural science and technology such as mathematics and religious technology. Its germination began in Xia Dynasty and gradually improved in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. "Six Arts" education is characterized by paying equal attention to both arts and culture, seeking knowledge and ability, and paying attention to age differences and subject levels, so education is different.
Among the "six arts", etiquette, music, archery and imperial art are called "great arts", which are necessary knowledge for nobles to enter politics. Books and figures are called "small art", which are daily needs of people's livelihood and compulsory courses in primary schools. At that time, the children of ordinary people were only given the education of "small arts", and only the children of nobles could receive the complete education of "six arts" and complete the systematic process from "small arts" to "big arts". "Six Arts" serves the needs of the class, but it also reflects the universal law of education and has a far-reaching impact on future generations.
"Zhou Li. Local officials. Bao Shi: "Bao Dai remonstrates the evil of the king and raises the son of the country with Tao." It is the six arts of teaching: one is five rites, the other is six music, the third is five shots, the fourth is five controls, the fifth is six books, and the sixth is nine numbers. " "The history of the Ming dynasty. "Election Chronology": "Once students specialize in politics, they will be taught in different subjects, such as etiquette, music, shooting, imperial education, calligraphy, mathematics, etc., and they will be practical and talented, and the stubborn will be discouraged."
The second type
The six arts are the six classics, which are called Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Yue and Chun Qiu. The names of the Six Classics first appeared in the words of Confucius in The Book of Rites, and also appeared in the book Zhuangzi. Covering Yi, Shu, Shi, Li, Yue, Spring and Autumn. After the victory of the Qin Dynasty, books were burned and Jing Yue was lost. There was only one piece of Yue Ji, which was compiled into The Book of Rites and later named The Five Classics.
The Five Classics refer to The Book of Songs, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Zhouyi and Chunqiu, which are referred to as "Poems, Books, Rites, Changes and Chunqiu" for short. Before that, there was a Book of Music called Poems, Books, Rites, Music, Change and Spring and Autumn, and these six books were also called Poems, Books, Change and Spring and Autumn.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Liu Yi