1. Famous companies and their trademark names

Microsoft: Sometimes abbreviated to MS, it is the name of the world's most famous software vendor, the American software giant Microsoft. Microsoft is actually composed of two English words: Micro means "tiny" and Soft means "soft". Here it should be "Software, software". As the name suggests, Microsoft (Microsoft) is a company specializing in the production of software. More than 90% of today's microcomputers are equipped with Microsoft operating systems, such as MS-DOS 6.22, Windows 3.2, Windows 95, Windows NT, etc.

Intel: Intel Corporation is the world's largest manufacturer of CPUs (central processing units, known as the heart of computers) and related chips. About 80% of computers use CPUs produced by Intel. Its products range from the early 8088 to the currently popular Pentium, Pentium Pro, Pentium MMX, Pentium II, etc.

Pentium, Pentium Pro, and the Intel Inside logo: are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. Pentium (pronounced as /'pentj?m/) is a famous CPU brand name, and its Chinese translation is "Pentium". People praise and talk about the "Pentium" computer all the time because the computer is equipped with the "Pentium" CPU produced by Intel Corporation.

AMD: The world's second largest CPU manufacturer, its main products are K5 and K6 MMX CPU series.

Cyrix: CPU manufacturer, its main products are M1 and M2 MMX CPU series.

Epson: Epson, the Japanese manufacturer of Epson printers.

HP: HP, the abbreviation of Hewlett Packard, is a famous American manufacturer of HP printers and computers.

Canon: Canon, a famous printer trademark. The famous Japanese printer manufacturer Canon. Canon means "religious laws and standards" in English. It can be seen that Canon was determined to make its products the "standard" of the industry at the beginning of its business.

Compaq: Chinese translated as "Compaq", the American Compaq Computer Company, it is one of the largest computer companies in the world.

IBM: is the abbreviation of International Business Machine Company. IBM is an old American computer manufacturer and its products are internationally renowned brands.

Apple: English means "Apple", the American Apple Computer Company, which is famous for its production of high-performance professional-grade computers.

Acer: Taiwan's famous Acer computer company.

Tulip: English means "Tulip", coming from the European famous brand computer company, Tulip Computer Company.

Sony: Sony, Sony Corporation of Japan.

Toshiba: Toshiba, Japan's Toshiba Computer Company, mainly produces notebook computers.

Philips: Philips, a Dutch company, mainly produces color displays, optical drives, household appliances, etc.

Sumsung: Samsung, South Korea's Samsung Company, a famous color display manufacturer, also produces optical drives, home appliances, etc.

2. Common hardware names and device names

CPU: Central Processing Unit, also called central processing unit or microprocessor, is known as the heart of the computer.

RAM: Random Access Memory, random access memory, which is often referred to as "memory".

ROM: Read-Only Memory, read-only memory.

EDO: Extended Data Output, extended data output.

When the processing speed of CPU continues to increase, it is also required to continuously increase the data transmission speed of DRAM. Generally speaking, the data transmission speed of FPM (Fast Page Model) DRAM is 60-70ns, while EDO DRAM is 3 times faster than FPM, reaching 20ns. . Currently the fastest is SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM, synchronous dynamic memory), with an access speed of up to 10ns.

SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory, synchronous dynamic random access memory, also known as synchronous DRAM, is a new generation of dynamic memory. It can use the same clock as the CPU bus. Therefore, SDRAM memory can greatly improve computer performance compared to EDO memory.

Cache: The English meaning is "a cellar (where prospectors and others store food, equipment, etc.); a storage place." Cache memory in computers is located between the CPU and the main memory DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory). It is a small but very high-speed memory and is usually composed of SRAM (Static Random Access Memory).

CMOS: is the abbreviation of Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, which means complementary metal oxide semiconductor (referring to complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory). CMOS is a battery-powered memory (RAM) used in most computers today. It is an important tool for determining the hardware configuration of the system, optimizing the overall performance of the computer, and performing system maintenance. It saves some information about system hardware settings, etc., and this information continues to exist after shutting down (this is completely different from RAM). When turned on, the computer needs this information to start the system. If the information retained in CMOS is messed up carelessly or in an accident, the computer system will not be able to start normally.

PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnection, local bus (the bus is a high-speed channel used by computers to transmit information from one device to another device). The PCI bus is currently a more advanced bus structure. Its functions are greatly improved compared to other buses. It can support burst read and write operations, with a maximum transmission rate of up to 132Mbps. It is one of the fastest buses for data transmission and can simultaneously Supports multiple sets of peripheral devices. PCI is not restricted by the CPU processor and is compatible with various existing buses. Its motherboard slot is small, so the cost is low and it is conducive to promotion.

Seagate: American Seagate hard drive manufacturer. Seagate means "gateway to the ocean" in English, often referring to canals leading to the sea.

Quantum: The English meaning is "quantitative, total amount". Famous hard drive trademark, American hard drive manufacturer Quantum Corporation.

Maxtor: "Crystal", American Maxtor hard drive company.

LD: Laser Disk, laser disc, also known as laser video disc.

CD: Compact Disc, compressed optical disc, also known as laser disc.

CD-ROM: Compact Disc-Read Only Memory, compressed disc-read-only memory (storage), also called "read-only disc".

VCD: Video Compact Disc, a video compressed disc, which is commonly referred to as a "small video disc".

DVD: Many people still regard DVD as the abbreviation of Digital Video Disc. In fact, from September 1995, the two major DVD development groups Sony/Philips and Toshiba/Time Warner After reaching the unified DVD standard, the connotation of DVD has changed a lot. It has become a digital versatile disc, the abbreviation of Digital Versatile Disc.

The "universal" meaning of Versatile indicates the diversification of DVD uses. It can be used not only for film and television entertainment, but also for multimedia computers and other fields. Currently, it can be divided into 5 types according to its usage: 1. Computer read-only disc - DVD-ROM; 2. Home audio-visual disc - DVD-Movie; 3. DVD Audio specifically for music appreciation; 4. Write-only A one-time optical disc—DVD-R; 5. A disc that can be read and written multiple times—DVD-RAM.

Modem: Modem, a necessary tool for Internet (International Internet) on home computers. The word Modem cannot be found in the general English-Chinese dictionary. It is a modulator (MOdulator) and a demodulator. (DEModulator) abbreviation. Modem is an essential external device for computer communication. Because computer data is a digital signal, in order to transmit it to another computer or other terminal (such as a teletypewriter, etc.) at a long distance through a transmission line (such as a telephone line), the digital signal must be converted into a format suitable for transmission. Analog signal (modulated signal). At the receiving end, the received analog signal must be restored to its original digital signal, which requires the use of a modem.

UPS: The English abbreviation of Uninterruptible Power Supply. It appeared with the birth of the computer and is one of the important peripheral devices of the computer. UPS is a constant voltage and constant frequency uninterruptible power supply that contains an energy storage device and is mainly composed of an inverter. It is used to protect the computer from losing important data when the power is suddenly cut off.

TFT: Active matrix color display, referred to as TFT display, is specially used for notebook computers. TFT displays have the advantages of fast refresh speed, vivid colors, and bright brightness. In addition, it also has the characteristics necessary for "green computers" such as no flicker, no radiation, and no static electricity.

3. Famous software products

DOS: Disk Operating System. When it comes to DOS, anyone with a little computer knowledge will understand it. The main function of DOS is to manage the computer's hardware and software resources to facilitate users to operate the computer. Using DOS to operate a computer requires users to remember a large number of commands and their correct formats, which is difficult to learn. The emergence of Windows (Microsoft Windows operating system) marked the end of the DOS era and the arrival of the era of graphics-operated computers.

Windows: The meaning of Windows found in general English dictionaries is "windows". Window refers to Microsoft's famous new generation computer mainstream "Window Operating System". It realizes control of the computer through the selection of some graphic icons (Icon), window (Window), menu (Menu), etc., which greatly facilitates users. The Windows operating system series products include Windows 3.1, Windows 3.2, and Windows 95 (because this product was produced in 1995, it was named Windows 95, and can also be written as Win95. PWindows 95 refers to the Chinese version of Windows 95), and its functions are more powerful. The latest products are Windows 98 and Windows 2000, etc. Windows 95 is currently one of the most famous and popular graphical operating systems.

Windows NT: Microsoft's famous network window operating system. NT is the abbreviation of New Technology.

OS/2 Warp: Operating System. It is a pure 32-bit operating system launched by IBM with excellent performance. At the same time, it can also provide complete DOS support. It is superior to Windows 95 in overall technology and is a strong competitor of Windows 95. Warp in OS/2 Warp means "bend; distort" in English. Here it refers to the alias IBM added for its new generation operating system OS/2.

Warp is Frankenstein in the famous American science fiction movie "Star Wars". It compares software to Frankenstein in "Star Wars", which not only gives people a sense of surprise, but also hopes that users will transfer their good memories of "Star Wars" to Come to OS/2 software.

UNIX: A multi-user operating system.

UCDOS: A Chinese disk operation integrated system developed by Beijing Hope Computer Company. It is currently the Chinese platform with the largest number of users and the most widely used.

WPS: Word Processing System, a word processing system, a DOS platform Chinese character processing system developed by Hong Kong Kingsun in 1989 that integrates editing, printing and other functions. It is easy to learn and practical. Advantages such as convenience quickly occupied the market. In the glorious days of WPS in the past, when Chinese people mentioned computers, they were always associated with WPS. It can be said that "when talking about computers, WPS must be mentioned." WPS once became synonymous with Chinese word processing software. In the "National Computer Level 1 Examination" in recent years, WPS is the designated word processing examination content.

WPS97: Word Processing System, a word processing system produced by Zhuhai Jinshan Company (Kingsun). It was named WPS97 because it was launched in 1997. It is an upgraded product of WPS and is a word processing software that can run in Chinese environments such as UCDOS, Windows 3?X and Windows 95. It integrates WPS, electronic dictionary, Founder proofreading system, multiple internal code conversion, barcode production and other functions. While retaining the original text editing method, it supports WYSIWYG text processing method. It is a powerful set of pictures and texts. Super office software.

Office 97: Office means "office". This refers to Microsoft's advanced office integration software, produced in 1997, so it is called Office97. Office 97 includes: Word 97 (word processing software), Excel 97 (spreadsheet processing software), PowerPoint 97 (electronic slide presentation software), Outllook 97 (personal affairs management software integrating schedule management, email information exchange and other functions) .

Word 97: Word means "word" in English. Word 97 refers to Microsoft's advanced word processing software. Its series of products include Word 5.0, Word 6.0, Word 7.0, etc.

Excel 97: Excel means "better than, better than" in English. Excel 97 is a spreadsheet software in the Microsoft Office 97 software package. At the beginning, the spreadsheet was only used as an electronic version of the financial account statement, that is, the financial account statement in the computer was used to replace the printed financial account statement, and simple arithmetic operations could be performed on a row or column of data in the table. Microsoft Excel 97 is recognized as the most powerful, technologically advanced, and most convenient spreadsheet software currently available.

Lotus 1-2-3: Lotus means "lotus". Lotus 1-2-3 is an integrated software under the Windows environment launched by the American Lotus Company. It combines commonly used spreadsheet, word processing, database, graphics software, and file management functions into one system, and can Pass and call information to each other.

Photoshop: consists of two words: Photo (photo) and Shop (store; factory). It can be seen that Photoshop is a "factory for processing photos." It is the most popular image editing software produced by Adobe in the United States and runs on Macintosh and Windows-based computers. It allows people to edit paintings, artworks and pictures scanned to disk. In addition, Photoshop also provides tools similar to drawing on paper, with the help of which you can create naturalistic pictures like watercolors and oil paintings.

CorelDraw: It is a powerful comprehensive drawing software. Many professional computer art designers use it to create various desktop printed materials with rich graphics and text, such as invitations, briefings, promotional materials, posters, advertisements, etc. You can draw anything with CorelDraw: from technical drawings such as business district maps, mechanical structure assembly drawings, to computer art works such as comics and monsters, CorelDraw can do almost anything. The graphics and text created by it have the characteristics of smooth lines and clear outlines.

Authorware: consists of two English words: Author (writer; creator) and Ware (commodity; item; utensil). As the name suggests, it is "the tool used by writers to create goods." It is a multimedia system production tool developed by the American Macromedia Company. It has a professional version (Authorware Professional) and a learning version (Authorware Star) in the Windows environment. Authorware is an icon-oriented multimedia production tool that enables non-professionals to quickly develop multimedia software. Its powerful functions are amazing. It does not require traditional computer language programming. It only edits some activity flow charts that control the direction of the program by calling icons, and brings together text, graphics, sound, animation, video and other multimedia project data to achieve multimedia software. purpose of production. Authorware's design idea of ??editing flow charts by calling icons to replace traditional computer language programming is its main feature. Its main functions are still: 1. The compiled software has powerful interactive functions and can control the program flow arbitrarily. 2? In human-machine dialogue, it provides multiple response methods such as button pressing, mouse pressing, and time limit. 3? It also provides many system variables and functions to perform specific functions based on user response. 4. In addition to running in its integrated environment, the compiled software can also be compiled into a file with the extension "EXE" and run independently of the Authorware production environment under the Windows system.

Oracle: English means "smart person, sage, philosopher". In computer English, it refers to the large-scale high-performance relational database system software developed by the American Oracle Company. Among many database systems, such as IBM's DB2 Database, Sybase database of Sybase, etc., only the Oracle database system has been widely praised for its excellent and stable performance, reliable security, strong networking capabilities, and rich and fast development tools. Therefore, it has always accounted for more than 40% of global database sales, firmly ranking as the leader in the database industry, and has won almost all awards in numerous competitions. It has been hailed as "the giant in the database industry" by the most famous computer review magazine "PC MAGAZINE" in the United States. No tyrant". In China, Oracle database has also been widely used and promoted along with the development of my country's computer technology.

PCTools: Personal Computer Tools, personal computer tools. It is a computer maintenance tool exported by the American Central Point Software Company. It integrates file management and disk management, streamlines and enhances conventional applications, and is a set of multi-functional utility software. Using PCTools can replace many commands of DOS. Compared with DOS, its operation is easier, more intuitive and simple, and it is a commonly used tool software for those who are good at computers.

NU: It is the abbreviation of Norton Untilities. Norton is the famous computer expert Norton. Utility means "utility tool" in English. Here it refers to the personal computer written by Mr. Norton to solve the problems of DOS system. Tool software. In its plural form it can be thought of as a collection of personal computer tools and software. NU is a powerful and popular computer maintenance tool after PCTools. Ordinary users can use NDD (Norton Disk Doctor), the most famous tool in NU, to solve most disk problems; professionals can use the flexible and powerful DiskEdit tool to solve professional data maintenance problems.

CSC: Clever Software Corporation, "Clever Software Company". This is a set of computer tutoring software developed by Beijing Kelihua Educational Software Company.

4. Famous computer languages

VF: Also written as VFP, the abbreviation of Visual FoxPro, Visual means "visual" in English, and Fox means "fox". Refers to the American Fox database software company, which has been acquired by Microsoft. Pro is the abbreviation of Progress, meaning "one step further". Visual FoxPro is a powerful, visual, object-oriented database programming language launched by Microsoft based on FoxPro. It is also a powerful database management system.

VC: Visual C++, Microsoft's advanced visual computer program development language. C language is known as one of the greatest contributions to computer programming in the past decade. It has the simple and easy-to-use characteristics of a high-level language, and can complete many tasks that can only be done by assembly language. Therefore, C language is particularly suitable for writing various complex software. If BASIC language is the programming language for beginners and amateurs, then C language is the programming language for professionals.

VB: Abbreviation of Visual Basic, Microsoft's advanced visual computer program development language. BASIC is the abbreviation of Beginner’s All-purpose Sybolic Instruction Code. Starting from BASIC, Quick BASIC, True BASIC, etc. have been launched. The latest one is Visual Basic launched by Microsoft. This is an extremely powerful object-oriented visual programming language.

Delphi: Pronounced /′delfai/, Delphi, the name of the ancient Greek city, was regarded by the ancient Greeks as the center of the world and was famous for the Temple of Apollo. In computer English, it refers to a visual, object-oriented, event-driven computer programming language from the American company Borland.

Java: Pronunciation /′d?a: v?/, "New English-Chinese Dictionary" translates it as "Java Island (belonging to Indonesia), Java Coffee". Computer English refers to a new object-oriented programming language launched by the American Sun Company. Java integrates many features such as object-oriented, platform-independent, robustness, security, and multi-threading, and adds functions such as exception handling and network programming. It is particularly suitable for the development of Internet applications and is the ideal way to realize "one world, one world". The key to the idea of ??"network". All kinds of software written in Java can truly "Write Once, Run Anywhere", that is to say, the same software can run on different computers, whether it is a PC, a Mac, or a UNIX computer , or set-top boxes, PDAs (personal data assistants) and even smart components, without exception.

SQL: Structure Query Language, structured query language. SQL is a concise, set-oriented language in relational database management systems. It queries one or more data tables and produces a result data table.

5. Common and important computer English and its abbreviations

PC: Personal Computer, personal computer, personal computer, also known as microcomputer or microcomputer.

NC: Network Computer, network computer.

MPC: Multimedia Personal Computer, multimedia personal computer.

MMX: is the abbreviation of MultiMedia eXtensions (Multimedia Extensions), which is an important feature of the sixth generation CPU chip.

MMX technology adds 57 instructions to the CPU specifically designed for video signal (Video Signal), audio signal (Audio Signal) and image processing (Graphical Manipulation). Therefore, MMX CPU greatly improves the computer's multimedia (such as Stereo, video, three-dimensional animation, etc.) processing functions.

Intel Pentium 166MHz MMXTM: Intel Pentium is a "Pentium" CPU produced by Intel Corporation. ?Means "Registered" (registered trademark). 166MHz refers to the CPU clock frequency, and MHz is the abbreviation of Mega Hertz. The TM in MMXTM is the abbreviation of "Trade Mark", which means "registered trademark".

OOP: Object Oriented Programming, object-oriented programming. The so-called "object" is a collection of one or a group of data and methods and processes for processing these data. Object-oriented programming is completely different from traditional process-oriented programming. It greatly reduces the difficulty of software development and makes programming as simple as building blocks. It is an unstoppable trend in today's computer programming.

28VGA: 28 refers to the yellow light dot spacing (dot pitch) on the color display. The smaller the dot pitch of the display, the more delicate and better the image. This is because each image on the color screen The dots are formed by a group of red, green, and blue lights. Technically, the three beams of light cannot converge 100% on one point, so there will be an interval between yellow light dots. The smaller the interval, the smaller the distance. The clearer the image displayed on the screen. VGA is the abbreviation of Video Graphics Array.

FAT: Allocation Table, file allocation table. Its function is to record information about how files in the hard disk are dispersedly stored in different sectors.

EPA: Abbreviation of Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA announced the "Energy Star" program in 1992 and received positive response from the international community. As long as you start your computer, you will see the "Energy Star" logo appear on the screen within a few seconds. The goal of Energy Star is to automatically enter a low-power state when various components of the computer system are inactive, and automatically return to a fully awake state when the component's activity is restored (i.e., when the keyboard, mouse, etc. are used). For products that meet Energy Star specifications, the EPA will issue the Energy Star mark "EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER", which means "anti-pollution, energy-saving products recognized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency."

IC card: Intelligent Card, smart card.

ATX: A new structural specification for computer cases, motherboards, and power supplies.

IDE: integrated circuit device or intelligent disk device.

DLL: Dynamic Link Library, dynamic link library.

KB: Kilo Byte, KB means kilobytes. K=Kilo, word-forming component, meaning "thousand; kilometers; kilograms; kilometers". B=Byte, meaning "byte", is the smallest storage unit in a computer (one byte can store one English letter, and every two bytes can store one Chinese character).

MB: Mega Byte, MB means megabytes. M=Mega, word-forming component, meaning "mega; million".

GB: Giga Byte, GB means gigabytes. G=Giga, word-forming component, meaning giga; billion.

CAI: Computer-Asisted Instruction or Computer-Aided Instruction, computer-assisted instruction. It will be the most important and most important teaching method in the 21st century. Popular teaching method.

CAD: Computer-Aided Design, computer-aided design.

ISO: International Standard Organization, International Standardization Organization. ISO launched the ISO 9000 series of international standards on quality management and quality assurance in 1987, and released revised standards in 1994. Among them, the main standards that constitute the ISO 9000 series of standards are: 1. ISO 9000-1:1994 "Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standards - Part 1: Selection and Use Guide". 2.ISO 9001:1994 "Quality system-Quality assurance model for design, development, production, installation and service". 3.ISO 9002:1994 "Quality System - Quality Assurance Model for Final Inspection and Testing".

3DS or 3D Studio: Three Dimension Studio, three-dimensional photography studio. It is a set of multifunctional three-dimensional animation software launched by Autodesk in the United States. It integrates solid modeling, static coloring and animation creation, and has greatly popularized three-dimensional modeling technology. It can exchange graphics information with AutoCAD, use a scanner to input graphics, and output animations to a TV or video tape through a VGA and TV conversion interface.

VR: Virtual Reality, also known as immersion 3D, evolved from the Air Force flight simulation device. It basically uses the principle of alternating left and right visual spaces to display images to produce a three-dimensional effect. In fact It has gone beyond the scope of image processing. It is a computer-generated environment that integrates light, sound, and images. People can interactively operate objects in the virtual environment as they do in real life. The application prospects of virtual reality are extremely broad.

OCR: The abbreviation of Optical Character Recognition (optical character recognition) refers to inputting text materials through a scanner as computer image files, recognizing them as Chinese or English internal codes through software, and then processing the text. Because handwriting is so random, OCR is currently mainly limited to the recognition of printed text. Currently, the one that represents the highest level of Chinese OCR recognition accuracy is TH-OCR NT for Windows produced by Tsinghua Wentong Company.

SCSI: Small Computer System Interface, a small computer system interface, which emerged to solve the connection problems between numerous external devices and computers.

OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer, original equipment manufacturer.

Microsoft OEM: Microsoft OEM products. It refers to the software operating system pre-installed on the computer, including Windows98, Windows NT, WorkStation, Windows3.X, and MS-DOS.

MIS: Management Information System, management information system. It is widely used in all walks of life. The most famous domestic management information systems include "Wangte MIS", "Yaqi MIS" and "Quick MIS".

PNP: Plug and Play, plug and play, it is an important technical feature of Window98. The so-called plug-and-play refers to a technology where the operating system automatically sets the system structure when a PC plug-in card and other peripheral devices that comply with the PNP standard are installed into the computer. This means that when users install new hardware, they no longer have to set any jumper switches or configure interrupt requests (IRQs), memory addresses or direct memory access (DMA) channels in software. Windows 98 will notify the application. New changes in hardware devices and will automatically reconcile conflicts between IRQs, memory addresses, and DMA channels.

OLE: Object Linking and Embedding, object connection and embedding, referred to as OLE technology.

OLE is not only desktop application integration, but also defines and implements a mechanism that allows applications to "connect" to each other as software "objects" (data collections and functions that manipulate data). This connection mechanism and protocol are called components Component Object Model, referred to as COM. OLE can be used to create compound documents. Compound documents contain different types of data created in different source applications, so it can combine text, sounds, images, tables, etc. together.

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface, musical instrument digital interface. It is one of the basic terms of multimedia. MIDI files are played and recorded with electronic instruments such as electronic keyboards, guitars, saxophones, etc. It can be played on most multimedia computer sound cards, even without creating your own MIDI files. , you can also use existing MIDI files as background music for multimedia presentations. MIDI files only store descriptions of sounds, relying on the sound card's synthesizer (FM or waveform table) to produce the real sounds people want to hear.

MPEG: is the abbreviation of Motion Picture Experts Group, which means "Moving Picture Experts Group". It is a compression coding standard for moving images and their accompanying sounds in multimedia computers, which is commonly referred to as MPEG standard. It includes three parts: MPEG audio, MPEG video, and MPEG system.

6. Internet English

Internet: Abbreviation for International Net, Internet, also known as the International Internet. It was first produced by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the U.S. Department of Defense in 1969. Its original purpose was only to share data from remote computers, and later developed to connect computers and computer networks around the world. Forming a boundless super network. The main services of the Internet include: email (E-mail), remote login (Telnet), query service (Finger), file transfer (FTP), document server (Archive), news forum (Usenet), and electronic bulletin board (BBS). ), News Group, World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW, also known as the World Wide Web), etc.

BBS: Bulletin Board System, bulletin board system or electronic bulletin board, also known as Public Access Message System, public access information system. It is an electronic version of ordinary announcements. Users can publish messages through the bulletin board. Any user can read the message on the bulletin board, or send information to a specific person or a group of users. Bulletin board systems are widely used to disseminate information. Consulting an electronic bulletin board is often faster and more effective than using an interactive mailbox or public postal system to send announcements.

E-mail: E-mail, which is an interactive service that uses the Internet to exchange text messages. Internet users around the world can send and receive e-mails to each other.

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