Organic agriculture is an agricultural production mode that follows certain organic agricultural production standards, does not use organisms and their products obtained through genetic engineering, does not use chemically synthesized pesticides, fertilizers, growth regulators, feed additives and other substances, follows natural laws and ecological principles, coordinates the balance between planting and aquaculture, adopts a series of sustainable agricultural technologies, and maintains a sustainable and stable agricultural production system.

Compared with the current agriculture, organic agriculture

Compared with current agriculture, organic agriculture has the following characteristics:

(a) can provide pollution-free, delicious and safe food for the society, which is conducive to protecting people's health and reducing the occurrence of diseases.

The extensive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides not only greatly increases the output of agricultural products, but also inevitably pollutes agricultural products, leaving a trap for human survival and life. At present, the sharp increase of human diseases, especially various cancers, is closely related to the pollution of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In some places in the past, there was a phenomenon of "talking about food color change". Organic agriculture does not use chemical fertilizers, chemical pesticides and other industrial wastes and municipal wastes that may cause pollution, so its products are very safe to eat and of good quality, which is conducive to safeguarding human health.

(2) It can reduce environmental pollution and help to restore ecological balance.

At present, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is very low, generally only 20-40% of that of nitrogen fertilizers, and the attach rate of pesticides on crops does not exceed 10-30%, and the rest flows into the environment in large quantities, causing pollution. For example, a large number of chemical fertilizers enter rivers and lakes, causing eutrophication of water bodies and affecting the survival of fish. Pesticides not only kill pathogens and pests, but also increase the resistance of pests and diseases, killing beneficial organisms and some neutral organisms. As a result, pests and diseases are rampant again, the dosage of pesticides is increasing, and the number of pesticide applications is increasing, entering a vicious circle. Switching to organic agricultural production mode can reduce pollution and help restore ecological balance.

(3) It is conducive to improving the international competitiveness of China's agricultural products and increasing foreign exchange income.

With China's accession to the WTO, the international trade of agricultural products is less and less controlled by tariffs, but the production environment, planting methods and internal quality of agricultural products are more and more controlled (so-called non-tariff trade barriers), and only high-quality products can break down the barriers. Organic agricultural products are internationally recognized as high-quality, pollution-free and environmentally friendly products. Developing organic agriculture can improve the competitiveness of China's agricultural products in the international market and increase foreign exchange income.

(4) It is conducive to increasing rural employment, increasing farmers' income and raising the level of agricultural production.

Organic agriculture is a labor-knowledge-intensive industry and a systematic project, which requires a lot of labor input and a lot of knowledge and technology input, otherwise, especially the problems of pests and diseases are difficult to solve and need a brand-new concept. The price of organic agricultural food in the international market is usually 20-50% higher than that of ordinary products, and some of them are even more than twice as high. Therefore, the development of organic agriculture can increase rural employment, increase farmers' income, improve agricultural production level and promote rural sustainable development. Therefore, organic agriculture is a promising industry, and we Xinchang need to develop actively and steadily.

Development background of organic agriculture

Many environmental problems brought about by the development of modern agriculture have attracted more and more attention. On the basis of summarizing and studying Chinese traditional agriculture, Howard, a British plant pathologist, actively advocated organic agriculture in 1930s, and wrote a book "Agricultural Canon" on 1940, advocating the development of organic agriculture and the production of safe and healthy agricultural products-human organic food.

Organic agriculture and organic food

Organic agriculture: The concept of organic agriculture was first put forward in France and Switzerland in the 1920s. Since 1980s, with the establishment of some international and national organic standards, some developed countries have begun to attach importance to organic agriculture, encouraging farmers to switch from conventional agricultural production to organic agricultural production, and the concept of organic agriculture has been widely accepted.

Although there are many definitions of organic agriculture, the connotation is unified. Organic agriculture is an agricultural production system that does not use synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and livestock feed additives. Developing organic agriculture can help solve a series of problems brought by modern agriculture, such as serious soil erosion and land quality decline, environmental pollution and energy consumption caused by the extensive use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the decrease of species diversity. This will also help to increase farmers' income and develop rural economy. According to American research, the cost of organic agriculture is 40% lower than that of conventional agriculture, while the price of organic agricultural products is 20%-50% higher than that of ordinary food. At the same time, the development of organic agriculture is helpful to improve the employment rate of farmers. Organic agriculture is labor-intensive agriculture and needs more labor. In addition, the development of organic agriculture can provide more natural and pollution-free organic food for the society and meet people's needs.

Organic food: Organic food is a unified formulation of pollution-free natural food in current national standards. Organic food usually comes from organic agricultural production system and all agricultural and sideline products, including grain, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, livestock and poultry products, honey and aquatic products. , produced and processed according to international organic agricultural production requirements and corresponding standards, and certified by an independent organic food certification body. With the gradual improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, the scope of organic food has gradually expanded, including textiles, leather, cosmetics, furniture and so on.

Criteria for judging organic food

Organic food needs to meet the following standards:

① Raw materials come from organic agricultural production system or wild natural products;

② Products must strictly comply with the requirements of processing, packaging, storage and transportation of organic food in the whole production and processing process;

③ Producers have a perfect tracking system and complete production and sales files in the process of organic food production and circulation;

④ It must be certified by an independent organic food certification body.

General situation of foreign development

Worldwide, the current sales volume of organic food is less than 1% of the food sales volume, but the development speed is quite fast and the sales potential is considerable. It is predicted that at the beginning of the 20th century, the global organic food sales will account for 5% of all food sales. But there are differences in different regions. In developing countries, the development of organic agriculture is relatively slow, because most people are still solving the problem of food and clothing. However, in many developed countries, organic agriculture has developed rapidly in Europe, America, Japan and other countries, due to people's early understanding of this issue and large investment, coupled with the relevant policy support and encouragement of farmers to carry out organic agricultural production. For example, about 5% of farms in France specialize in producing organic food raw materials. Organic food market accounts for 5% of the whole food market, and infant food is basically organic food; The number of farms engaged in organic food production in other European countries is between 2% and 3%. In the early 1990s, there were 17 16 registered factories specializing in organic food processing. Almost all chain stores in the United States sell organic food, and13 of Americans will buy organic food. 1980, the sales of organic food was $78 million, and it is expected to be $6 billion in 2000, with an annual growth rate of about 20%. The number of farmers engaged in organic agricultural production is increasing at an annual rate of 65,438+0.2%. At present, there are more than 8,000 organic farms in Japan, and the market size of organic food will increase from 30 billion yen in 1990 to about 350 billion yen in 2000, with an annual growth rate of about 30%.

Domestic development prospect

The development of organic agriculture in China began in 1980s. 1984, China Agricultural University started the research and development of ecological agriculture and organic food. 1988, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Protection, State Environmental Protection Bureau, started scientific research on organic food, and became a member of the international organic agriculture movement alliance. 1994 10 the state environmental protection agency formally established the organic food development center, and the development of organic food in China was normalized. Organic tea developed by Zhejiang Tea Import & Export Corporation was first exported to the Netherlands on 1990, and organic soybeans developed in Liaoning Province were exported to Japan on 1994. Since then, many organic food bases have been developed in various parts of China, and organic agriculture has developed rapidly in three northeastern provinces and some remote mountainous areas such as Yunnan and Jiangxi. In recent years, many foreign trade companies have jointly developed a variety of products, such as organic beans, peanuts, tea, sunflower seeds and honey. At present, most organic foods have been exported to Europe, America, Japan and other countries. Generally speaking, the production of organic food in China is still in its infancy, with a small scale and basically facing the international market, and the domestic market is almost zero.

There are many advantages and broad prospects for developing organic agriculture in China.

First of all, China's traditional agriculture has a long history, and it has accumulated rich experience in intensive cultivation, combination of use and nutrition, combination of constant fertilizer and combination of agriculture and animal husbandry, which is also the essence of organic agriculture. Organic agriculture is a new application of traditional agriculture based on modern scientific knowledge and guided by the scientific principles of biology, ecology and soil science.

Secondly, China has its geographical advantages, diverse agricultural ecological landscapes and different production conditions. Although the main part of China's agriculture still depends on a large number of chemicals in conventional agriculture, there are still many places, mostly concentrated in remote mountainous areas or poor areas, and farmers rarely or completely use chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which also provides a favorable development foundation for the development of organic agriculture.

Third, the production of organic agriculture is a labor-intensive industry, and there are many rural laborers in China, which is conducive to the development of organic food and can also solve a large number of rural surplus laborers.

Fourthly, with the approach of China's entry into WTO, China's agricultural exports will be restricted by green non-trade barriers, and the development of organic food can be in line with international standards and open up the international market. At the same time, with the improvement of people's living standards and the enhancement of environmental awareness, the domestic organic food market will develop greatly in recent years, so organic food will have broad development prospects at home and abroad.

Countermeasures for Developing Organic Agriculture in China

The ways to develop organic agriculture in China are as follows:

First of all, we should strengthen the propaganda of organic agriculture and raise people's awareness of food safety and environment through newspapers, television and other media.

Secondly, according to the development momentum of organic agriculture in China, the state should conduct reasonable policy guidance and regulation, formulate a series of development plans and standardize their development, and give farmers some economic support in the process of transforming conventional agriculture into organic agriculture.

Third, strengthen the research, demonstration and popularization of key production technologies. Because the use of chemical synthetic substances is prohibited in the production of organic food, it is bound to have high requirements on production technology. Only by solving these technical problems through advanced science and technology can organic agriculture develop faster and better.