The prospects for the development of agricultural import trade since China joined the WTO
Expanding the export of agricultural products and vigorously developing export-oriented agriculture are the key factors for agriculture to actively respond to economic globalization and actively participate in international competition under the new situation. The practical needs are also the objective requirements to further broaden the channels for farmers to increase income and promote agricultural modernization. In recent years, all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have conscientiously implemented the spirit of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, focused on the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, combined with the actual situation of each place, seized opportunities, given full play to their advantages, pioneered and innovated, and actively explored aspects such as strengthening policy guidance and strengthening promotional methods. , achieved initial results and played an important role in promoting the international development of agriculture in various regions. The main practices in various places can be summarized as follows:
1. Strengthen financial support
According to preliminary statistics, as of October 2004, there were Henan, Jiangsu, and Nearly a quarter of provinces such as Zhejiang, Shandong, Shaanxi, Hubei, Heilongjiang, Fujian, and Liaoning arrange special funds to promote agricultural exports every year for the construction of agricultural product export bases, project loan interest discounts, and incentives for agricultural product export enterprises, etc., to provide comprehensive improvement for various regions. It has played an important supporting and leading role in improving the quality of agricultural products, promoting agricultural exports, and expanding international market share. In order to ensure the effective implementation of fruit promotion policies, Shaanxi has established a special fund for fruit development and promotion, halved the quarantine fees for exported fruits, and exempted highway and bridge tolls for fruit transport vehicles. Only these two items are transferred to the provincial finance every year. A subsidy of more than 30 million yuan is provided; at the same time, guidance and appropriate financial support are provided for trade promotion activities such as promotion meetings, exhibitions, fairs, market surveys, etc. organized by enterprises to develop international markets. The annual subsidy amount at the provincial level alone has exceeded 1,000 yuan. Ten thousand yuan. The finance department of Shandong Province, which ranks first among the provinces in the country in exporting agricultural products, allocates 50 million yuan every year to focus on supporting leading industrialized enterprises that earn foreign exchange through exports to improve their international competitiveness. It also allocates 20 million yuan to establish and improve the quality standard system for agricultural products, and obtains Allocate 5 million yuan to implement the "Green Card Action Plan for Agricultural Products Export" with the goal of removing export obstacles such as fruit thinning and drug residues in poultry, further expanding the export of superior agricultural products such as vegetables, fruits and products, and focusing on good agricultural operating practices. Heilongjiang has increased the support funds for leading agricultural enterprises that earn foreign exchange from exports from 50 million yuan to 100 million yuan. Since 2004, the provincial finance department has allocated a foreign trade development fund of 30 million yuan in the budget every year for corporate product international standard certification subsidies, enterprise Credit insurance premium subsidies and export base construction subsidies. In early 2003, Jiangsu Province issued the "Opinions on the Implementation of Export-Oriented Agricultural Development," which defined the goals and tasks of export-oriented agricultural development, established and improved a trade promotion mechanism, and established a special export-oriented agricultural development fund. In 2003 and 2004, the Jiangsu Provincial Finance Department allocated 20 million yuan of special funds each year to provide loan interest discounts to enterprises with annual exports of more than 2 million US dollars, to fund enterprises' overseas promotions and to improve export base infrastructure. Zhejiang Province established special funds for the agricultural “going global” strategy in 2002 to implement special subsidies for the agricultural “going global”, “market diversification” strategies, “win with quality” strategies and the “two negatives and one guarantee” strategy.
2. Create a favorable trade environment
Liaoning Province has formulated and implemented a series of preferential policies to encourage the development of export-oriented agriculture, such as requiring governments at all levels in the province to establish special guidance for the development of export-oriented agriculture Funds are used to introduce foreign excellent varieties and production technology standards, establish agricultural product export production demonstration bases, and support agricultural industrialized export enterprises. Provincial special funds are mainly used for export-oriented agricultural demonstration projects and guidance in the form of awards instead of subsidies. Construction of export-oriented agricultural projects. In order to promote fruit trade, the Shaanxi Provincial Government has implemented a series of policies and measures to improve the trade environment since 1998. The first is to improve the market system.
More than 100 fruit origin wholesale markets have been established in apple-producing areas, and more than 300 direct sales windows have been established in large and medium-sized cities in more than 20 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions across the country, as well as in Vietnam, Russia, Thailand, Singapore and other countries, providing both producers and sellers with A convenient trading place; the second is to establish an information service system. The fruit industry information network has been launched. The Provincial Fruit Industry Information Center has networked with various fruit base counties and key villages to promptly communicate the fruit market supply and demand, prices, etc. to fruit farmers. At the same time, it uses television, radio, printed matter and other forms to deliver information to fruit farmers. ; Third, the province-wide implementation of the "Fruit Green Channel" policy, in line with the principle of optimizing the fruit transportation and marketing environment, provides fruit quarantine and quarantine fee collection, inspection-free and free access to highways and bridges, vehicle overloading and traffic accident handling, and industry department standardized services Detailed regulations have been made and continuously improved to ensure that the green channel is unobstructed; fourth, the policy of protecting apple origin products is implemented. The Shaanxi Provincial Government applied for and was approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine to implement regional product protection for Shaanxi apple production areas and product labels, laying the foundation for image and brand creation. Shandong organized and implemented the "Shandong Province Green Card Action Plan for Exporting Agricultural Products" in 7 cities and 12 counties (cities, districts) with large agricultural export volumes, conducted "Good Agricultural Practices" tests on 12 dominant crops, and drafted a number of The GAP program ensures the quality and safety of exported agricultural products from the source by standardizing production operating procedures. Hubei takes advantage of the province's advantages to build an agricultural product logistics center, encourages and supports multiple entities to participate in circulation, and actively develops agricultural product circulation economic entities such as agricultural trading companies and purchasing and marketing consortiums in accordance with the principles of private, private, and private management, and cultivates major agricultural product distribution professionals; promotes Community cooperative economic organizations are engaged in transportation and marketing, and do everything possible to invigorate the circulation of agricultural products; guide various business entities to actively explore the market, make full use of modern marketing methods and means such as chain supermarket operations, distribution sales, and online transactions, and promote direct production and marketing; owners engaged in agricultural product marketing , business varieties are not restricted; foreign merchants are exempt from all taxes and fees when purchasing agricultural products at the place of origin and the market where they are produced; for those who enter the market to sell self-produced agricultural products, the management fee charged by the industrial and commercial department shall not exceed 1.2%. The "green channel" for agricultural products has been opened. For vehicles transporting fresh agricultural products produced in the province and agricultural products holding green food certificates, the charges will be reduced by one level (40% reduction) with the "green channel pass". Vehicles used by state-owned grain purchase and sales enterprises in the province to transport and sell grain at the same price, large combine harvesters operating across regions, and vehicles transporting agricultural materials such as pesticides, agricultural film, and fertilizers are free of charge at approved times and road sections with valid certificates. . Zhejiang actively encourages agricultural product export enterprises to apply for trademark registration, health registration, and obtain special product quality certification in the exporting country or region, and create brands; for enterprises that have obtained registered trademarks and product certification from the importing country or region, based on the export scale, the Small and Medium Enterprises International Market Development funds or provincial foreign trade development funds will provide subsidies of 50% of registration and certification fees; ministerial-level key support for exported brand products and new products with annual exports exceeding US$1 million confirmed by the Provincial Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation, the Provincial Department of Agriculture and other departments Develop products and give one-time rewards to the main leaders of the company.
3. Build an agricultural product export base with regional characteristics and competitive advantages
Introduce various types of capital, vigorously adjust and optimize the agricultural regional layout, and build a high-quality, high-yielding, efficient, ecological, and safe agricultural product export base. The advantageous agricultural product industry belt, the development of local specialty products, the construction and development of export-oriented agricultural commodity production and processing bases, and the provision of basic conditions and guarantees for expanding agricultural product exports are the common practices of provinces with major agricultural product exports. Provinces and autonomous regions such as Heilongjiang, Fujian, Yunnan and Guangxi have taken advantage of geographical and port advantages to vigorously develop professional production and processing bases for agricultural products for counterpart production and processing.
Zhejiang Province stipulates that governments at all levels will provide support to enterprises that export agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and processed products to establish production bases of agricultural raw materials of a certain scale, sign "orders" with farmers, implement standardized production and are relatively fixed; Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hunan, etc. The provincial government and relevant departments pay attention to the introduction of various types of capital, adjust and optimize the regional layout of agriculture, build a high-quality, high-yielding, efficient, ecological and safe agricultural product industry belt, develop local specialty products, and establish and develop a group of products with reasonable layout, local characteristics, and Competitive agricultural export bases provide basic conditions and guarantees for expanding agricultural exports, and provide subsidies for agricultural products export enterprises in setting up production bases in terms of seeds and seedlings, technical guidance, standardized production facilities, product quality testing and certification, etc. In recent years, when special funds are arranged to support the construction of characteristic and advantageous agricultural product bases and agricultural industrialization, all qualified production bases and projects have been prioritized as targets for comprehensive agricultural development support and given financial and other support. Jiangsu Province alone has arranged nearly 200 export-oriented agricultural production base construction projects, building an export-oriented agricultural production base of 220,000 hectares. The Hubei Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government actively promote the regional concentration and large-scale development of export agricultural products. When formulating the province's industrial development plan in 2003, they included export advantageous products and specialty products in the plan, forming a nine-pronged The industrial and nine characteristic product bases are the regional layout planning of the construction content. The province implements the "Agricultural Products Export Earning Foreign Exchange Promotion Plan", focusing on the production and processing of high-quality rice, livestock and poultry products and other export products with comparative advantages, so as to achieve greater development in the export of agricultural and sideline products. Shandong Province has built more than 270 agricultural product export bases, with annual exports accounting for more than 60% of the province's total exports.
4. Cultivate leading agricultural product export enterprises
All localities will strengthen the strength of agricultural product export entities as the focus of strengthening export-oriented agricultural development, vigorously promote agricultural industrialization management, and concentrate on cultivating a number of Leading export-oriented agricultural enterprises with large scale, new mechanisms, high technological level, strong competitiveness and wide radiating coverage should make breakthroughs in the agricultural product processing industry and encourage enterprises to actively introduce new technologies, new varieties, new processes and new equipment to improve agricultural production. Comprehensive quality and ability to earn foreign exchange through export. Starting from the adjustment of industrial structure and regional characteristics, Fujian has formulated a development plan to establish ten major agricultural product export systems and 15 types of export-leading products that earn foreign exchange, focus on cultivating 100 leading agricultural export enterprises, and fully implement agricultural standards in the fields of production, processing, and circulation. Ensure that agricultural products are basically harmless within five years. At present, Fujian Province has an outstanding number of national and provincial leading industrialization enterprises; the number of products that have obtained the right to use the green food label ranks among the top in the country. Hubei focuses on the safe production of specialty agricultural products, vigorously develops green food and organic food brands, builds a number of green food and organic food processing enterprises that meet international standards, and integrates existing agricultural product quality inspection and testing institutions to establish and upgrade agricultural product quality inspection and testing The center has strengthened the monitoring and testing of agricultural products on the market. In addition, the Hubei Agriculture Department has also compiled and printed the "Compilation of Laws and Regulations on Food Safety Monitoring of Animal Origin in Hubei Province" and distributed it to enterprises.
5. Organizing international agricultural trade activities and investment fairs
Using the development of exhibition economy as a means to develop the exhibition economy, various localities have held some international agricultural products exhibitions, expositions, promotion meetings and other international economic and trade activities. , encourage and help export enterprises to participate in various exhibitions and sales activities. Since 2002, Jiangsu Province has designated the Department of Agriculture and Forestry of the provincial government to take the lead in hosting the annual Jiangsu International Agricultural Cooperation Fair. In 2002 and 2003 alone, it attracted more than 1,000 overseas guests from more than 40 countries and regions. Shandong regularly holds the Yantai Vegetable and Vegetable Fair, the Shouguang International Vegetable Expo and the Lu-Taiwan Agricultural Cooperation Symposium every year, with very good results. Fujian uses the Xiamen "1998" Investment Fair, Zhangzhou Flower Expo, Fujian Maritime Fair, Anxi Tea Expo and other exhibitions to build an agricultural economic and trade cooperation platform with Taiwan, and achieve the goal of using Taiwan to introduce Taiwan, using Taiwan to introduce foreign countries, and using overseas Chinese to attract foreign countries. . Hubei combines the National Agricultural Fair, the Hubei Agricultural Products Export Fair and the Hubei-Korea Economic and Trade Fair to increase the visibility of agricultural products by organizing exhibitions and hiring leaders of Hubei hometown associations as overseas consultants.
Shaanxi Province has carried out activities such as organizing apple companies to go to Russia to hold Shaanxi apple promotion conferences, holding Sino-Thailand fruit entrepreneur roundtable meetings in Thailand and Xi'an, and going to Europe and the United States for inspections and negotiations, press conferences, fruit promotion conferences, exhibitions and sales conferences, entrepreneurs A series of trade promotion activities such as roundtable meetings have increased promotional efforts, effectively increased the popularity of Shaanxi apples, and successfully opened up international markets such as Europe, North America, Russia, and Southeast Asia.
6. Support the overseas promotion of agricultural products
Governments at all levels in Jiangsu and Zhejiang have formulated corresponding policies to encourage agricultural product export companies to participate in overseas exhibitions. The two provinces' finances have arranged special funds to subsidize enterprises' participation in exhibitions, booth fees and other expenses. In Jiangsu, for two consecutive years in 2003 and 2004, the Provincial Department of Agriculture and Forestry organized agricultural product export companies to participate in two overseas promotion events in Italy and the United Kingdom. There were more than 80 exhibitors, with an exhibition area of ??nearly 800 square meters, and more than 70 cooperation intentions were reached. In 2005, Jiangsu We will continue to carry out overseas agricultural product promotion activities in France and South America. In 2003, Guangxi organized nearly 20 companies to hold the "First Southeast Asia Agricultural Expo" in Hanoi, and signed sales agreements with Vietnamese merchants on seeds, seedlings, crops, frozen foods, beverages, fruits and other agricultural products, with a total amount of more than 70 million yuan. In the past two years, Hubei Province has organized more than 20 companies to explore markets in Europe, Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia, developed more than 30 new overseas merchants, and signed agricultural product trade agreements worth more than 70 million US dollars. In recent years, Chongqing has successfully held the "Chongqing Agricultural and Food (Seoul) Exhibition and Fair", organized companies to participate in the "Russia-Agri-Russian Global Agricultural Fair", and reached more than 8 million US dollars in frozen pork and other series of food sales agreements with foreign companies.
7. Carry out foreign market inspections and research
Government departments at all levels have gradually realized that conducting market inspections and research is an effective way to identify target markets and promote agricultural product trade. Organized some domestic and foreign market inspections and research activities to study and analyze the production, sales and market dynamics of foreign agricultural products, conduct market segmentation, and provide a basis for producers and operators to determine target markets.
8. Providing financial support and services for the export of agricultural products
Liaoning Province’s fiscal and financial departments give priority to providing support such as discounted interest loans and general loans for key agricultural products export products and leading export enterprises. . Agricultural product export enterprises in Zhejiang have priority in enjoying the country's "exemption, credit and refund" tax policy, which stipulates that from 2003, all types of agricultural product export enterprises with a self-operated export scale of more than 1 million US dollars and confirmed have their agricultural product export tax rebate quotas in the province. Priority will be given within the quotas issued by the National Taxation Bureau in various places; enterprises that obtain a certificate of refund due from the national tax department and apply for an export tax refund account custody loan from a bank will be given a certain loan interest discount by the same level of finance; for enterprises that actively establish agricultural product export bases, For agricultural products export enterprises with good credit standing, financial institutions at all levels comprehensively use export credit, packaged loans, export tax refund account custody loans, export credit insurance and other means to meet their capital needs in a timely manner and provide a full range of financing, settlement, information consultation, etc. financial services. For the reasonable capital needs of enterprises to purchase agricultural products for export, enterprises are allowed to give priority to credit support based on export "orders" or export letters of credit; for agricultural product export enterprises with good operating conditions, large demand for funds, and strong seasonal procurement of raw materials, various financial departments will implement Effective measures and methods to solve loans; encourage the development of rural credit guarantee institutions and create a good financing environment for agricultural product export enterprises. The Hubei Provincial Agriculture Department has organized 8 bank-enterprise docking activities to help more than 20 key agricultural product export enterprises solve the financing difficulties of purchasing agricultural products for export. The foreign trade finance department implements a tax rebate policy consistent with the statutory tax rebate rate for agricultural product exports. The export tax rebate has not yet reached the statutory tax rebate. For agricultural products with high efficiency, priority will be given to increasing the export tax rebate rate; all expenses incurred by enterprises in researching new products, new technologies, and new processes will be deducted before paying corporate income tax; agricultural product processing enterprises shall introduce technology and import agricultural product processing equipment in compliance with national regulations. If tax policies stipulate, tariffs and import value-added tax will be exempted; key processing enterprises engaged in planting and breeding and primary processing of agricultural products will be exempted from corporate income tax for three years.