1, Ruyao: The official kiln established in Song Huizong at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty lasted less than 20 years. The kiln site is in Ruzhou, Henan, hence the name. Ruyao is mainly celadon, and its glaze colors are pink, bean green, egg green and shrimp green. Ru kiln has a thick carcass, thick glaze layer and jade-like texture. The glaze is thin. Ruyao porcelain was fired separately in Zhi Ding, leaving tiny traces of Zhi Ding at the bottom of the porcelain. The shape of vessels is mostly modeled after ancient bronzes, with washing, furnace and respect as the mainstay. There are less than 100 works handed down from ancient times in Ruyao, which is very precious.

2. Official Kiln: The official kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty is famous for firing green glazed porcelain. Its shape is solemn and elegant, the glaze color is jade, and the glaze has big stripes. It is a treasure in China ancient porcelain; There are few handed down products in the official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the utensils mainly include bowls, bottles, washing and so on. The carcass is thick black and the glaze is light blue, which is bright and moist in Wen Ya. It is especially famous for the big cracks on the glaze. Different from Ruyao and Longquanyao porcelain, it also has the characteristics of "purple mouth and iron feet". There are few official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty, which are very rare.

3. Ge kiln: Ge kiln is similar to the official kiln, with purple mouth and iron feet, and there are also pieces. However, its kiln site is still unknown, and there are also differences in academic circles about its firing age. Some people think that it is not the Song Dynasty, but the Yuan Dynasty.

In the process of firing, many porcelains are generally not allowed to have too many glazed lobes in pursuit of technology, but Ge Kiln has brought the beauty of "lobes" to the extreme, resulting in the typical feature of Ge Kiln, "golden thread". The glaze of Ge kiln with large opening pattern is iron black, which is called "iron wire", and the small opening pattern is golden yellow, which is called "gold wire". "Gold wire and iron wire" makes the calm glaze produce rhythmic beauty. Because the exact kiln site has not been found so far, it is the most mysterious kiln mouth among the five famous kilns.

4. Jun Kiln: It is said that the main firing period of Jun Kiln is Song, Jin and Yuan, but some scholars believe that the display porcelain currently designated as Guanjun Kiln in Song Dynasty was fired during the reign of Yongle Xuande in the early Ming Dynasty. Jun kilns can be divided into Guan Jun kilns and Jun kilns. Guan Jun Kiln is located in Yuxian County (called Zhou Jun).

Jun kiln is characterized by mysterious kilning, which is "one color in the kiln, one color in the kiln", and its color is natural, which is treasured by the courts of past dynasties.