Zibo Ceramics is a geographical indication certification trademark.

Zibo, an emerging industrial city located in central Shandong, was the capital of the ancient Qi State and one of the world-famous porcelain capitals. The glaze and ceramic products produced here are not only famous at home and abroad, but also have a long historical tradition.

Judging from the excavated Beixin cultural sites, Shandong had a pottery industry as early as 5100 BC. By the Dawenkou Culture period in 4000 BC, Shandong's pottery skills had reached a high level. Judging from the unearthed Dawenkou painted pottery, slow wheel molding can shape a variety of shapes such as vats, tripods, goblets, beans, bowls, pots, plates, and back pots. It can be made of earth red, ocher, chalk, carbon black and other colors. Various regular geometric patterns, petal patterns, eight-pointed star patterns and other patterns are carefully drawn on the pottery using straight lines, diagonal lines and arcs. It can be said that during the Dawenkou Culture period, this place became a good start for Shandong pottery making. In the later Longshan Culture period (2600 BC - 2000 BC), Shandong's pottery industry could produce black polished black pottery as thin as an eggshell, indicating that Shandong's pottery making skills had reached a very high level.

Zibo ceramics, according to literature, flourished in the Song Dynasty (around 960). In recent decades, the local government has always regarded the ceramic industry as Zibo's economic leader in order to inherit the heritage of the motherland and develop Zibo's economy. In recent years, the "International Zibo Ceramics and Glaze Festival" has been successfully held continuously, making the already world-famous Zibo Ceramics and Glaze become popular products in domestic and overseas markets. Stimulated by new technologies, Zibo's ceramics and glaze industries have boldly and successfully adopted modern science and technology, developed new materials, and developed new products on the basis of preserving and inheriting traditional craftsmanship and constantly exploring and restoring lost characteristic products. Liuli has truly entered an unprecedented period of development. Generally speaking, Zibo ceramics is the collective name for Zibo ceramics and colored glaze. According to their craftsmanship and products, Zibo ceramics and colored glaze have different histories and characteristics. Below, we briefly describe the categories.

Zibo art colored glaze is also called "material utensil". It is a general name for various arts and crafts crystals made from glass strips that are abundant in Boshan. Historical records and excavations of local ancient glazed furnace sites have confirmed that the mass production of Boshan fine art glazed glaze has a history of at least 600 years. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, the Boshan area was full of furnaces, and it was already the main production area of ??China's glazed craft crystals. In the early Qing Dynasty, Boshan's glazed products "reached Yan in the north, Baiyue in the south, Korea in the east, and Hewai in the west. "It traveled thousands of miles" ("Miscellaneous Notes on Yanshan" by Sun Tingquan of the Qing Dynasty) In the 35th year of Kangxi (1696), after the Imperial Household Building Office was ordered to set up a glass factory, Boshan glaze craftsmen were called to serve in Beijing every year. Then it spread to Beijing. At that time, the city gate of Boshan Xiye Street had ten characters "Pearl Agate Green, Amber Glazed Street", which can well explain the characteristics of Boshan Glazed and the prosperity of the glass industry at that time.

Boshan Art Glaze has many types, which are mainly divided into material, carved, bouquet, bead curtain and other categories. Boshan material ware is famous for its ability to realistically imitate the materials of various jade, agate, coral and other treasures. The main varieties include various glazed flower balls with dazzling colors and vases made of simple and dignified chicken liver stone. Stationery is quite popular abroad, in addition. The topaz-like yellow color of chicken fat is also a rare treasure. Others, such as flower arrangements, ashtrays, lamps and various beads, bracelets, pendants, etc., all carved from nested materials, have a strong ethnic and folk color. Here are the important ones:

Material beads are the collective name for various forms of glazed beads produced in Boshan. They are divided into three categories due to different specifications, production techniques and price levels: rice beads, round beads, lotus seed beads, Xulian beads, Yao beads, Buddhist beads, etc. Varieties, and each variety has a variety of shapes and specifications. For example, there are more than 10 specifications of round beads, such as millet beads "26", "five coins", bean-shaped beads, curtain beads, and Jian beads. Rolled beads have special shapes and colors, and are more technically difficult. They are characterized by imitations of various precious jade stones, including imitation coral beads, red agate beads, turquoise beads, cat eye beads, phoenix eye beads, monkey beads, and lantern beads. , slag beads, etc. Tube beads are made from drawn and cut hollow glass tubes. They vary in size and color depending on the diameter of the tube, the length of the cut, and the color of the tube material. Material beads are the most distinctive category of Boshan glazed products with a long history, rich styles and specifications, the largest output, and have long been a favorite decoration for people of all ethnic groups and all walks of life. Today, it has become one of the national necessities that the country has stipulated to ensure supply.

The material beast is one of the traditional small children's toys made of Boshan colored glaze. It is based on lions, tigers, dogs, horses, cows, monkeys, sheep, etc. It is less than an inch long, has an ancient and clumsy shape, and is cute and naive. It has an extra-large head, thick legs, and a flat back. Artists jokingly call it " "Small bench." The color is bright red and green. There is also a larger one, weighing two to three kilograms, which the locals call "lion leopard". It is colorful and vivid, with the style of folk lion dance, and is a representative work of traditional beasts. Boshan's traditional food and beasts have rich folk cultural characteristics and are highly appreciated in elegance and customs. They are not only widely spread among the people, but also highly treasured by people in the art, folk art and folklore circles at home and abroad.

Material jade bonsai is one of the varieties of Boshan art colored glaze. It is made of glass material to imitate jade patterns, with petals, leaves and branches with small holes at the lower ends, and fine metal wires are strung together to form whole branches of flowers and trees. It is placed in a flower pot and looks like flowers carved from precious jade, imitating agate, coral, citrine, amethyst, hibiscus, etc., and leaves imitating ink jade, Xiuyu, Venus stone, etc. It is an ornamental decorative craft.

The flower stacker is one of the traditional varieties of Boshan Art Glaze. Quickly apply softened coloring material to the parts of the newly formed utensils that need to be decorated with patterns, and immediately use pliers, scissors, iron sheets and other small tools to create multiple relief-like flowers, Leaves or birds, etc., are slightly shaped and placed in a cooling box to gradually cool down. The shape of the vessel is simple and smooth, and the floral decoration is natural and vivid. It can be used as a vase, flower arrangement, smoking set, lamp holder, etc. It is both practical and of ornamental value. It is a popular glass arts and crafts.

Nesting Liuhua is also called "Nesting carving" and "Nesting carving". Two or more layers of colored colored glaze are melted and sleeved at high temperature to make a blank body of the vessel. After cooling down, traditional jade carving techniques are used to carefully carve and polish it layer by layer according to the designed pattern using a table, and the rest of the nesting material other than the pattern is carved away. The innermost layer of color is retained to bring out the engraved patterns of different color layers, giving it a relief artistic effect. Finally, after polishing, the entire body and patterns of different colors are crystal clear and moist, just like jade carvings. Although most of the utensils are in the form of pots, bottles, jars, altars, plates, boxes, etc., they are generally not practical and are a relatively valuable display craft. "Nesting carving" is a unique carving variety among Boshan's art colored glaze products.

Chicken liver stone is a famous color unique to Boshan art glass products. It is named after its color is like chicken liver and its pattern is like fine stone. It is characterized by hidden gestures in the large purple-red color. Thousands of black patterns, some like mountains and cockroaches, cloud shadows and water marks, some like ancient trees and rocks, flowers and grasses, are full of natural interest and make people daydream. It is most suitable for making elegant utensils, such as sets of stationery utensils. It is not only a practical product, but also a simple, dignified, elegant and generous desk display art. It has always been cherished by people in the cultural and art circles at home and abroad, and has been participated in many high-level handicrafts. National and international exhibitions to wide acclaim.

Chicken fat is one of the precious colorants in Huang Boshan art glass. Its luster is as crystal clear as jade, it is moisturizing, and its color is as yellow as chicken fat. It is gorgeous but not flashy. There is no such color in natural jade, so it becomes more and more rare. This material is often used to make simple and dignified bottles, pots, cans, boxes, plates and other utensils, engraved with relief patterns. Subtle and elegant in style, it is a popular high-end art glass handicraft.

Zibo Fine Art Ceramics Zibo ceramics and colored glaze are both treasures. Their history is much earlier than that of colored glaze, and they have been praised at home and abroad for much longer. In the Song Dynasty, Zibo was known as the "City of Porcelain" not only because of the porcelain furnaces everywhere, the residents who were good at pottery, and the rich ceramic products, but more importantly, the development and production of "two-point porcelain" (also known as "oil-point porcelain"). "or "Tianmu glaze"), "tea powder glaze" and other rare porcelain species that have always been regarded as "treasures in ceramic art". After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zibo people inherited the excellent tradition and combined it with modern science and technology. In addition to restoring several precious colored glazes that had been lost in history, they also successfully imitated the eggshell pottery of the "Longshan Culture". In addition, "red gold crystal glaze", "chicken blood red glaze", "Venus glaze" and dozens of black glaze variations have also been created. On the basis of ceramic painting, it has solved the problem of not being able to add color painting on black gold glaze since ancient times. The types are constantly enriched. Various reliefs, pile sculptures, and round sculptures have a wide range of themes, including figures, animals, flowers, and ancient cultural relics. The garden ceramics are simple and elegant. novel. He was also the first to create hanging plates with pink decorative paintings and hanging plates with portraits engraved on porcelain, which have been given as gifts to foreign heads of state many times when national leaders visit abroad.

Here, we focus on "raindrop glazed pottery". "Raindrop glazed pottery" was produced in Boshan and began in the Song Dynasty. It is named after the dark glaze surface with stars and spots.

If you use raindrop glazed pottery to serve tea, the spots will shine like gold stars. Raindrop glazed pottery was popular in the world at that time and spread to Japan, where it was cherished by the Japanese. Afterwards, blue and white glazed porcelain emerged across the country, and the craftsmanship of oil drop porcelain was gradually lost and lost. Although later generations tried hard many times, they have not yet been restored. In the 1920s, the famous Boshan ceramic artist Hou Xianghui spent many years repeatedly exploring and experimenting, and it was not until 1936 that he succeeded. Boshan's "Raindrop Porcelain" has since become famous at home and abroad. The characteristics of its technique are: on a bright lacquer-like background, silver-white dots as small as corn and as large as soybeans are densely distributed. When tea is poured into the vessel, the golden light will shine in the vessel. If water or white wine is poured into it, the silver will shine. Stars shine, and when viewed against the sun, the crystal is dazzling. The shape of the vessel is dignified and solemn, ancient and simple, with the charm of the Song Dynasty. Now that the old artist Hou has passed away, fortunately there are successors to his unique skills. The raindrop glazed pottery produced by Boshan Art Ceramics Factory includes Shuanglong bottle, celestial ball bottle, willow leaf bottle, as well as plates, cups, tea sets, stationery, wine sets, etc., with unique styles. Deeply loved by people at home and abroad.

Information source: Shandong Province Love Network