Guo Songling, also known as Maochen or Muchen, was born in Shenyang, Liaoning Province. He was born in Army University. He was born in the eighth year of Guangxu (1882).

In his early years, he attended Sichuan Army Primary School. He traveled east to Japan to study military affairs. After returning to China, he went to Guangzhou to participate in the revolution. Judging from his experiences, he was not a pure bumpkin from the Northeast. When he returned to Fengtian to serve Zhang Zuolin, he was neither a Northeast red beard nor a native of the Northeast. The lowest position followed Zhang Zuolin, and he was a mid-level officer who already had academic qualifications and experience, and had been to Sichuan and Guangdong.

Under Zhang Zuolin, he first served as a lecturer at the Liaoning Army Lecture Hall. It was during this period that Zhang Xueliang studied in the Liaoning Lecture Hall. Guo is serious about his work. He serves as an instructor in the martial arts hall. After every vacation, he will personally stand at the school gate to supervise.

If a student returns to school past the prescribed time, even if it is just one minute, They must also be placed in solitary confinement, and they must not follow the sentiments. It is said that Marshal Zhang Xueliang was deeply impressed by Instructor Guo at that time. Guo was an upright man, capable of fighting and leading troops. Although Zhang Xueliang was young, he was able to know people well and was very fond of Guo.

The relationship between Zhang Xueliang and Guo Songling is so deep that it can be written down in the history of the Republic of China. They sleep on the same bed and work in the same room.

Guo has always been Zhang's The subordinate, Zhang's deputy, can say that Guo's decision is Zhang's decision. Zhang often said: "Guo Songling is me, and I am Guo Songling." Zhang Xueliang trusted Guo with all his heart, while Guo supported Zhang wholeheartedly. They really complemented each other. Precisely because the relationship between the two was so deep, when Guo defected, Zhang Xueliang simply had no way to explain himself in front of his father.

This can be proved by a telegram from Zhang Zuolin to Li Jinglin. When Guo Songling defected and the telegram was sent out, Li Jinglin also responded to Guo.

He sent Zhang Zuolin a telegram from Tianjin asking Zhang to go down to the field and hand over the Northeast to the young marshal.

Hands aside. Zhang Xueliang and I have grievances in our past lives." From this sentence, we can see the depth of Zhang Xueliang's heart.

Zhang Xueliang and Guo Songling not only know each other, but also understand each other. Guo was narrow-minded, could not tolerate things, had an impatient nature, and was eager to seek kindness, which Zhang Xueliang tolerated. The two often argued and quarreled, and after the quarrel they would hug each other and cry. Everything if

Zhang Xueliang insisted, and Guo finally obeyed.

Zhang Xueliang enjoyed reading ancient Chinese books. When the two of them were in the same room, Guo became angry when he saw that Zhang was holding thread-bound books all day long.

One day he tore up the Four Books and Five Classics together. Zhang Xueliang was angry and threw Guo's book box in the yard. The two danced and quarreled, and finally burst into tears.

In the first battle between Fengzhi and Fengzhi, Fengjun was expelled from the customs. General Zhang devoted himself to training the new army and established an army organization office in Shenyang. The old general also served as director, Jiang Dengxuan. He and Han Linchun served as deputy supervisors, but the actual military training work was in the hands of Guo Songling.

Before the second Fengzhi War, there were rumors that Zhang Xueliang, Guo Songling, Li Jinglin, and Zhang Zongchang were sworn brothers to Jinlan. The four people told Zhang Zuolin that they entered the customs to fight this time. A good battle can only be won, not lost. Please give them enough food, pay and ammunition; the four of them also emphasized that after defeating the Zhili Army, they will not seize territory or serve as governors. These four people became the four new Vajras in the Feng army.

After Fengjun entered the Pass and the Zhili Clan collapsed, Li Jinglin's troops occupied Tianjin, which was the seat of the Zhili Governor-General. Li Jing

Lin naturally refused to take advantage of the fat meat that had arrived. After spitting out, he first abandoned the promise he made when he was outside the pass, and concentrated on trying to get Zhang to be the direct governor of his army.

However, Zhang Zuolin had already agreed to this position to Wang Chengbin, a direct official outside the customs. Although Wang was from the Zhili line, he was from the east and north. In the first Zhizhi-Fengtian war, the Feng army was defeated and retreated from the pass. Wu Peifu ordered Wang Chengbin to lead his army to pursue him. Wang was able to do so at Shanhaiguan.

< p>Zhang Zuolin was grateful to Wang for this. During the second Zhili-Fengtian War, the king secretly did not support Wu Peifu, so Zhang Zuolin agreed that he should give the king the post of direct governor.

Li Jinglin naturally knew about King Zhang's tacit understanding, but it was Li Jinglin's troops who occupied Tianjin, and they had access to the water and towers first.

He took advantage of it. When Mr. Zhang came to Tianjin as a winner, the famous Cao Garden in Tianjin became Zhang Zuolin's handsome mansion, and the responsibility of guarding also fell into the hands of Li Jinglin.

As soon as Zhang Zuolin arrived at the Commander's Mansion, he repeatedly called for Wang Chengbin, but Wang Chengbin never answered the call. Zhang thought that maybe

Wang was the Zhili clique, and the Zhili clique had collapsed, so he would not Nice to meet you. He didn't expect that it was Li Jinglin who was causing the obstruction. Since Li knew that the veteran had promised to give Wang Chengbin the direct governorship, he tried his best to prevent Wang from seeing Zhang. As long as the veteran could not find Wang, he would not Will issue

The direct governor of the king. He ordered his security troops to stop the king's carriage as it drove towards the commander's palace. As expected, Wang Chengbin gave him alms

However, his car could not pass the road to the commander's mansion. Wang never dreamed that it was Li Jinglin's trick, and thought that the veteran was missing him.

I don’t know what Li Jinglin did, but Zhang Zuolin actually agreed to him as the direct governor. Because Li Jinglin broke his promise and gained weight, breaking the promise he made outside the customs, Zhang Xueliang, Guo Songling and Zhang Zongchang were all dissatisfied with Li. Guo Songling shouted that she wanted to kill Li Jinglin. When Zhang Xueliang stated these dissatisfaction to his father, the veteran replied easily: "Oh, is that what it is? I have promised Li Jinglin." Now that the veteran had words, everyone What else do you dare to say?

When Feng Zhang entered the customs this time, he obviously became more interested in the domestic political situation. When he and Feng Yuxiang divided their spheres of influence,

He got Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Zhizhi He was subordinate to four provinces, so he began to arrange the candidates for the governors of these four provinces. He had one decisive decision, that is, he would not let his brothers enter the prison, because people laughed at them because they were born with red beards and were all bandits.

Green Forest, in order to reduce the number of In addition to the fears of the people, he gave special consideration to the appointment of governors of these four provinces. At that time, Guo Songling had a proposal. He did not object to everyone being the governor, but he just had opinions on the selection of people and places. He believed that Zhili was Kinki, and Marshal Zhang Xueliang should serve as the military governor. As for Jiangsu, Zhang Zongchang is not an orthodox military leader. His army includes White Russians and Wu Peifu's defeated army. They are all miscellaneous troops. He has some historical connections with Jiangsu. As early as Feng Guozhang When he was the governor of Su, Zhang served as Feng's deputy chief. General Zhang seemed to agree with the idea of ??Zhang Zongchang being the governor of Jiangsu, so there was an order for Zhang Zongchang to lead his troops to escort Lu Yongxiang to Jiangsu to take up his post. As for Li Jinglin, Guo advocated sending him to be the governor of the East, and Jiang Deng was elected as the governor of Anhui. Guo said that he still assisted Zhang Xueliang and trained the army diligently.

Guo's opinion was not accepted by General Zhang. Li Jinglin's governorship became a foregone conclusion after the Tianjin Conference. Then in April 2014, Zhang Zong

Chang governor Lu, in September Yang Yuting governor Su, Jiang Dengxuan Governor Anhui, this series of orders made Guo Jun unhappy. Guo Zeng said to the people around him:

"It's really ridiculous. The military adviser shaking the goose feather fan rushed to the front line to block the front line. I don't know what the arrangement is?"

Such personnel matters? In Guo's view, the arrangement was unreasonable, and those who had made military exploits did not receive the rewards they deserved. Guo is a member of the Mainland faction in the Feng family, while Yang Yuting and Jiang Dengxuan are members of the sergeant faction; the sergeant faction always seems to have the upper hand, which is aggrieved to Guo

.

In mid-October, Sun Chuanfang, the governor of Zhejiang, organized a coalition of five provinces to attack Fengjun. Yang Yuting retreated without a fight in Jiangsu.

Not only withdrew from Shanghai and Nanjing, but also withdrew from Xuzhou, Exit Bengbu. If Zhang Zongchang hadn't been in Shandong, Fengjun wouldn't have known where to retreat. At this time, Guo Songling was watching the exercises in Japan. Zhang urgently summoned Guo Hui and asked him to lead troops to attack Feng Yuxiang.

Yang Yuting lost his army and lost his territory, but returned to Fengtian and still took office as the General Councilor. He still held great power and gained Fengzhang's favor.

For Guo, this was simply unfair. Someone told him that when Yang Zhuanche went to Jiangsu to take up the post of military governor, the pomp was exactly the same as that of Zhang Laoshuai; but when Yang's army returned to Fengtian in defeat, the veteran general did not punish Yang. .

Therefore,

Guo returned to Tianjin from Japan and immediately complained of illness and was admitted to a French hospital. He felt that he was too accustomed to serving in the army, Zhang Zuolin was too old-minded,

rewards and punishments were unfair, and the trust was not established. , this kind of leadership method has no future.

Facts will also be found.

The biggest background behind Guo Songling's defection was that Guo and Feng Yuxiang signed a secret agreement. Feng supported Guo to return to the army outside the customs,

expelled Zhang Zuolin and became the number one man in the Northeast.

Why did Guo join forces with Feng? It is said that Guo's wife and Feng's wife Li Dequan went to university in Beijing at the same time and had similar temperaments. This is a clue.

However, Guo Fenglian came to watch the exercises in Japan in the autumn of the 14th year of the Republic of China. That year, during the Autumn Exercises in Japan, the Fengjun Army and the Kuomintang Army were invited to select a number of officers to visit. The Fengjun Army was led by Guo Songling, and the Kuomintang Army was led by Han Fuju. Both sides were there

We all live in the same place in Tokyo, so we spend more time in contact with each other. Among Guo's entourage was Gao Jiyi, commander of the 19th Brigade, who was Guo's classmate at Japan's Army Crash Course. He urged Guo and Feng to unite and held secret talks with Han on behalf of Guo.

Maybe Guo Songling had a defection plan and wanted to recruit Feng Yuxiang as Austrian aid, so Guo revealed a secret to Han.

Zhang Zuolin asked Japan for arms to attack the National Army. He arrived in Japan. Later, I discovered this secret, which was quite untrue. He told Han

that if Fengjun attacked the Nationalist Army, he would never obey orders and would turn against him.

This is of course extremely important news. It happened that at this time Feng Zhang indeed had deployed troops against the Nationalist Army and urgently summoned Guo to return quickly.

Guo was ordered to leave Japan in a hurry, and he and Han reiterated his preface. Han Fuju also felt that the matter was serious, so he rushed back from Japan to Baotou, where Feng Yuxiang was stationed, and reported to Feng. Feng was afraid that Guo was cheating, so he said that since it was Guo's suggestion, he would ask Guo to write something in his own hand, similar to a treaty, and send two trusted people to deliver it on a special trip. So Han Fuju rushed to Tianjin as ordered. By this time, around November 10th, Guo had returned to Tianjin and said he was ill and was staying in a French hospital. Han conveyed Feng's words to Guo, and Guo drafted an autograph clause.

With Feng Yuxiang as Party A, Guo Songling as Party B, and Li Jinglin as Party C, it will take effect when signed by both parties. The contents of the secret agreement include< /p>

Including:

(1) Zhang Zuolin colluded with Japanese imperialism, made treaties that would harm the country, and attempted to attack the National Army. Guo Songling opposed it to the death

(Note: This is a The reason is fabricated. In fact, Zhang Zuolin did not sign a treaty with Japan).

(2) When Fengjun attacked the National Army, Guo Jun immediately turned against Fengjun and attacked Fengjun.

(3) After Guobu left the customs, he devoted himself to developing the Northeast and never heard about the affairs within the customs.

(4) Zhili and Rehe please be transferred to Li Jinglin.

Guo sent his trusted secretary Li Yusan (Jianbai) and his third brother Guo Daming to follow Han Fuju to Baotou with a secret agreement to meet Feng.

Feng added that it was Guo The troops were collectively called the Northeast National Army, and then they signed the secret agreement.

Guo and Feng made a secret appointment. Li Jinglin did not hear about it, but it is a fact that Li and Guo were close. Li suffered the wrath of the Kuomintang in Zhili.

If Feng Yuxiang admits Zhili was Li Jinglin's sphere of influence, and Rehe was also assigned to Li. At that time, the warlords were aiming to expand their territory, so Li would naturally join forces with Guo and Feng.

If Guo, Li, and Feng really join forces, Feng Zhang's fate is unknown. Because all the elites of the Feng army are in the hands of Guo Songling

, and the Feng army has been at a low ebb since Yang Yuting and Jiang Dengxuan retreated from Jiangsu and Anhui. The situation has encountered a low ebb

Mutations are overwhelming.

After Guo Songling signed the secret agreement between Guo and Feng, on the night of November 21, he took a special car from Tianjin to Luanzhou.

Before Guo Songling's uprising, his secretary Qi Shiying went to Li Yuanhong's official residence in Tianjin to invite Rao Hanxiang.

Rao's body

was not healthy, he was full of diseases, and he was famous for being dirty. He did not know that Guo was going to rebel and invited him to write a big article.

He said that the weather was too cold. , my health is too poor, I plan to accept the invitation again after the spring. Liu replied to Guo about the idea of ????rao, and Guo sent 10,000 oceans, asking him to go. Rao agreed and was accompanied by Qi to Luanzhou.

Guo Songling’s first telegram to Zhang Zuolin was written by Rao Hanxiang. The most distinctive feature of Rao's writing is that he chews on words

and piles up many difficult allusions and words that are difficult to recognize. Electricity must be understood by everyone at a glance to be effective, but the electricity written by Rao is difficult for everyone to understand. The following is this power supply:

Guo Songling's power supply 1 (November 22, 2014)

"(Title abbreviated) General Zhang Junjian: Songling is blessed with special circumstances. As a leader and a teacher, your duty is to obey, and you should repay your righteousness. Tiger head will eat meat for thousands of miles; he will die without regrets, and he will not tolerate the kindness of his body.

Zhongzhi, looking down at the calamity suffered by the Liao people by the army, there is no two ways to control the chaos, benevolence and bravery cannot be both, fearing crime and not speaking up, even more heartless, stealing for Jun

The seat is draped Li Chenzhi. As the army continues to prosper, cash is scarce, money is issued in excess, prices are declining, and foreign currency is in danger, and the provinces are relying on it to adjust and maintain. , Yi people waste paper, the blood is dry and the bones are visible, the body is not functioning properly, and the seams are trapped.

Exceptionally, the soldiers will fight hard, and the general will be defeated. , It was just two years ago, it was called an increase in salary, but it was actually the same as the salary. The mother was tired of the years, the years were warm, the children were cold, the bones of the war were withered, the Yingzong was extinct, and the concubine was homeless. In the year of Zhongshe, the dog was hidden. This is not the same. How can one be worthy of death? ,

The wealth is increasing day by day, the towns have no warehouses, and the houses have no shelter. >Fleeing, harassing and plundering, worrying about robbery at night, fearing official punishment during the day, mourning my poverty, I would rather live in poverty, and there will be no people.

Here are the three provinces, and the second one. The country has treasure mines and felt huts, forests and flowers, expatriates all over the road, herding horses into villages, land rails are divided, sea and air routes are closely connected,

The morning departs from Pyongyang, and the evening falls in Liaocheng, the transportation is not good, I blame you. Suddenly. If you enter the pass and compete, your tomb will be lost. The thieves will be attacked, and the enemy troops will attack the north. If they defend themselves, they would rather resume the defense and push forward to the end, and they will reach the eastern province. If the result is lost, Beijing will be in danger. The great powers will fight, and the government will be established. The soldiers are in the province, the feet are cold, the lips are broken and the teeth are pressed, and the righteousness is not expressed. I am afraid that the Yue flag will come, and the pot will be salty.

p>

Go out of the customs, secure the people and protect the territory, and Yangfan will not be taken, and the guards will not invade. Wouldn't it be like the seven scumbags and the five chaff tyrants? , lined up in Huailiu, and showed off his troops in Jiangpu. Liu Zhen heard the news and alerted him. He wanted to dominate the whole area with his powerful army. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, what are the limits of talents? Failure is the same after repeated attempts. Maybe it is a matter of asking a good god to entertain myself in the evening; There are few talents and the terrain is too skewed, and the long whip will eventually become the final crossbow. Moreover, the sky is tired of disasters, and the people have been struggling for a long time. The superiors pray for the people's help, and the inferiors also hope for the six kings. The balance of power will surely devour the northwest and encroach on the southeast. How can we sing about it when the cranes from Liaoyang return?

Are you sad and happy? If you want to achieve peace, would you rather talk in a dream? If the general wants to seize too much territory and seize it, he will be compensated for military expenses? There is nothing that can't be tolerated when alien races fight.

However, Japan and Russia are in harmony, and rewards have not been heard of. The alliance between Germany and France is written down and finally changed. What's more, this is a relic, and Dun is not a compatriot. It is said that if they are taken from neighboring provinces, the red land will be desolate for a long time. If it is taken from the capital, then the white treasure will be exhausted early. Or even use it as an excuse to flatter my clan. What I have touched is no more than jade, and what I have weighed is more than the weight of a mountain of copper. The fox looks at the tiger, and the turtle dies instead of the pig. When people steal their assets, I bear the blame. This is a miscalculation, why wait

to prophesy. As soon as the Shanghai provocation started, Su Shi was defeated first. Anhui continued to be popular, and Lu Fu collapsed. Ambushes were launched from all directions, and the battle line extended to several provinces. Husband

Dream of a white snake meandering along the road construction, and it will be difficult to rescue the head and tail. If a giant elephant crosses a narrow road, its belly and back will be trapped.

The government did not order a crusade, but instead sang a conciliatory tone.

Since he is a famous teacher, he is a hard-to-beat figure. Jun Zuo thinks deeply about the dangers and maintains his composure. He is not called a general who is dragging troops. He has a heart of earth. He must drive the city to join the army. On the battlefield. The pine-aged bronze sword is always ringing, the iron garment is still untied, the crane thousands of miles away is still following the lowering of the will, the eight-foot dragon is sweating and blood for a long time. There is no need to fear a heavy siege. How difficult is it to win a victory?

Secondly, the lone army rolled up its armor and traveled a long way to provide food. The people were dissatisfied and the soldiers had no fighting spirit. Suppose the envoy encounters a strong wall in front and a strange army behind him. It is difficult to lose with a stray horse

It is difficult to cross with a hanging chariot. After completing the repair of the neck, he can pass to Zhao's tent. The flesh of the soldiers will not comfort the Chu army. Junzuo Yang County Cai Zhiyuwei, in charge of Wu Zhi's great achievements. After ten years of misalignment, it is easy to make a sharp weapon. I have been lying on my back for three years, but I am still heartbroken and undecided. In case the king sings his tent, Li Zhu

is worried about the platform. Suddenly, the tendency of breaking the bamboo will appear, and the worry of losing the tree will be seen. If you talk about this, why should you be so angry? Songling personally served in the army and was familiar with the enemy's situation.

The Jun seat is entrusted with Jieyan, and the villagers entrust their children to collect the sorrow of the bones. Why should I treat Uncle Jian in life?

Since Gai was appointed, there is not a day that goes by that he doesn’t feel heartbroken. In the past, when Qi Xi asked for his elders, he never avoided relatives. Cao Zhang ascended the throne, and all his subordinates followed his orders.

The ancient history is passed down and broadcasted as a beautiful talk. Han Qing (Zhang Xueliang) was a chariot commander with a young and vigorous life and profound knowledge. His country relied on golden soup and his family had precious jade

trees. It goes straight up despite the wind and clouds, and it goes straight up despite the thunder and rain. Song Ling has been in the same robe for a long time, and he has been shining brightly for a long time. He is willing to obey orders and serve wholeheartedly. Collect and destroy excessive money and eliminate excessive taxes. A sharp blade is used to eliminate thieves, and a thick bed is used to support soldiers. Implement civil rule

in order to strengthen the vassal state. Give preferential treatment to workers to calm down the party's anger. The school aims to improve, and the treasure period is announced. The three provinces are prosperous and powerful, and the four neighbors are harmonious. Junzuo enjoys the whirling years and enjoys the haze. The whole master's father's name will be enjoyed by his father. It's all good if it's covered with fur, but there's no harm in taking off its beauty. If the government does not change, the farmers will not have to worry about losing their rice. If the hall structure is inherited, the subordinates will not be guilty of defection. The anointed man will revive after crossing the sword. The people of Huixiang come to Suzhou near Huangquan. Song Ling was rewarded for reasoning, and he was rescued and created barbarians.

There is no other way to think about it.

I would like to raise my banner and return to the east, and ask for help on the mat. If I don't get my jaw, I would rather have my bones broken into pieces. Xian Zhen said bluntly that he had long had the ambition to return to the Yuan Dynasty.

The soldiers remonstrated with fists and refused to punish them by cutting off their feet. Jun Zuo, fortunately, don't believe in slanders easily and attach great importance to false accusations against righteous people. Etc. words, combined with the practice of listening and hearing. Fuxi's instructions

! Guo Songling knocked. Yanghai. print. ”

Guo Songling’s power-on part 2

“It is a natural disaster for China, civil strife is spreading, like people are killing each other, it is worse than hatred, and there is no support for the people?” But this happened. To put the origin of the disaster into perspective, it was just a few militiamen who, in order to pursue their own selfish desires, maimed the people in order to do so. Unification by force has failed many times, and the results are particularly ineffective

There are people who are deluded and do not understand. The soldiers are causing disasters, the soldiers are exhausted, and the money is exhausted. The country borrows money and betrays the country. This is the result of each other. Seeing the dilapidated state of the country is the time for soldiers to wake up. Song Ling and other rows among the rows are not familiar with management. I only know that civil strife cannot be prolonged, and war cannot be ended for a long time.

The best policy for those who have land is to protect the environment and the people. The commander of the army is responsible for maintaining internal security and protecting external forces. In the battle of Yuguan last year, the blood was not dry yet. The losers were eager to seek revenge, regardless of the safety of the country. How can a victor be so dissatisfied and not think about the suffering of the people? What kind of wars are there? This can happen every year. We hereby jointly declare that the people, the athletes of Eastern Province, will always be powerful, loyal to their families, and will not let others down.

The only one who fought in the army this time was Yang Yuting. Because of his personal humiliation, he did not hesitate to go against the grain and seek revenge. For the sake of the vitality of the country and the security of the three eastern provinces, Song Ling and others petitioned to advocate peace, and their troops came out of seclusion, demanding that Yang Yuting, the leader of all evils, resign immediately. Han Qing, the commander of the Zhang Army, was elected as the commander to consolidate the foundation of the three provinces, develop the industries of the three provinces, and protect the people of the three provinces

as his duty. We also hope that all the people in the country will understand this purpose and protect their people to recuperate and recuperate, and do not rely on force to bully each other. If there are those who like chaos

and dare to invade even an inch of land in the three provinces, Songling and other forces will take responsibility and fight to the death. A correct heart and a right ambition are already being reflected on.

Guo Songling led the brigade leader and kowtowed.

(November 22nd, 14th year)"

Guo Songling's power supply No. 3

"(Title abbreviated) Songling and others are calling for a peace break this time, and the squadron has come out of seclusion, please The culprit Yang Yuting will be dismissed immediately, and the industry has been announced by phone. I want to watch it in Taiwan. However, there are still those who can't say anything about Yang Yuting's crime. Cha Yangzhi is cruel, insidious, excluding dissidents, and jealous. Officers in the Northeast, whether old or new, are often framed, suppressed

not promoted, or excluded and dismissed. For example, in the first battle of Fengzhi, the generals against Zhang Du were slandered and criticized in many ways beforehand.

Hundreds of tricks were used to create difficulties. After the defeat, the commander-in-chief paid tribute to Zhang Dutong and planned to ask him to return the favor, but Yang Ze alienated him day and night and tried his best to obstruct him. As a result, Zhang Dutong was exiled in Beijing and Tianjin, and his injustice could not be repaid. The fact that he is jealous of the loyal and virtuous is evident. After Yang Dusu,

private parties were established everywhere and abused his power. Harshly collecting people's wealth and punishing people for their unsatisfied pursuits. Not long after taking office, more than one million yuan has been collected. Public opinion is boiling, and there are complaints.

As a result, people in Suzhou gnashed their teeth when talking about Fengjun. He had a quarrel with the Zhejiang army and fled in a hurry. Ignoring the troops stationed in Shanghai,

the Second Division and the First Brigade were brutally massacred, causing all casualties. His crime of mourning the loss of his master has been carried out countless times. After returning to the throne, he did not repent, but still took the initiative to fight in order to avoid the humiliation of Su and Shanghai. At this time, the country is in dire straits, wars have been going on for years, all the money has been depleted and the people are impoverished. How can we afford to have another disaster of war? Song Ling and others are concerned about the crisis and cherish peace. Especially when the tariff meeting opens, war should not break out.

This time the squadron returned and as soon as the culprit was driven away, they immediately led the troops to colonize the border to consolidate national defense. If there is any rash action

Warrior or fighting with someone in the same room, Song Ling and others will regard them as public enemies and use all their strength to deal with them. Anyone who harbors evil intentions and invades every inch of the territory of the three provinces

will be treated as an enemy and will fight to the death. A mere fool's errand is a lesson learned every day. Guo Songling is the same as knocking. (January 27, the 14th year of the Republic of China

"

Memorandum from Guo Songling to the Japanese Minister (December 1, 2014)

" Yoshizawa Koken of the Japanese Embassy in Beijing: Our military's return this time was originally intended to accommodate public opinion and maintain peace. Regarding the life, property, and treaty rights of foreigners

we strongly respect and protect all aspects. We have sent you a message through multiple phone calls, and we sincerely invite you to visit us in Taiwan. However, the Eastern Province is close to your country and has a particularly close economic relationship. We sincerely fear that the businessmen and people of your country may not understand the purpose of our military's actions and may have doubts and uneasiness. I hereby respectfully convey to the officials and citizens residing in your country that all the rights stipulated in the treaty between the two countries will be respected without delay.

That is to say, all legal undertakings by private individuals in your country regarding economic contracts with the provincial government or jointly established industries with the people of our country will continue to be valid as before. People from your country who are employed by the government and various agencies will also continue to be employed. Most of them are old friends, so they can go about their business as usual without any doubts. However, any new treaties or contracts entered into between the provincial government or the Zhang family and outsiders during the military period after our army takes action and before its surrender cannot be recognized as valid. Now, when our army moves around the province, if there is anyone who resists the rebels, we will have to attack them even more. This kind of combat behavior is purely a matter of internal affairs of our army. Please convey the instructions of your government

The officials of the department shall strictly observe neutrality and shall not provide money or weapons or any other behavior that facilitates the military, which may cause injury to both parties. Friendly friends of our country

We have lost your country’s fair attitude and raised doubts about your country among the people of our country. Dedicated to this, all dimensions can be used as a reference. Guo Songling.

East. print. (December 1, 14th year)"

Feng Yuxiang sent a telegram to Zhang Zuolin on November 25, enumerating Zhang's crimes, urging Zhang to step down and support Guo.

Feng's telegram As follows:

"In great urgency, Supervisor Zhang of Shengjing issued a warning: the provocation started from Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the disaster affected Zhilu and extended to the capital. As the news spread, people's resentment boiled

. In view of the intolerance of public opinion, your Excellency made public declarations and pretended to give in, while secretly proceeding step by step, sparing no effort.

The heavy military environment forces me to declare. With personal concern, Xiang once wrote a piece of paper to expose your messy facilities one by one, in the hope that he will finally wake up and maintain the overall situation from corruption. Those who tell the truth are sincere and those who listen are disdainful. Jinfu took charge of advancing troops in separate ways, and then tried to disrupt the Yangtze River.

Why don't you think about it so much that you endure the devastation of the people and shake the foundation of the country, instead of thinking about the people of the country?

Your Excellency Xiangcheng will not give up, and wants to cooperate with you again and again, with the intention of being a gentleman and loving others with virtue, and what ordinary people dare not say intolerance

For those who want to speak, I would like to give you a word as the final advice, please come now Observe it carefully and calmly. As the saying goes: Those who win people prosper, and those who lose people

perish. In the case of *** and the country, the people are the main body. How can we build a country without caring about people's livelihood? Since the army entered the pass, they have been harassed in all directions. Because of the fact that the government operates for public use, it has led to rumors that people come to ask for food and clothing. Just imagine that since the rise of the army, the areas where your military power has reached have been violently conquered

and violent extortion has been everywhere. Excessive taxation and extortion have made it difficult for those who have a home to return. Most of the income goes to the people, and the army runs out of food, which is a heavy burden on the people.

How can the people be happy alone if they want to die together? Reciting ancient precepts is a good guide. Because of your plan, the public sentiment in the country has been completely abandoned, and there is no one who can help you.

How to govern? This should be the same as the person who retreats. When the Shanghai case happened, people across the country rushed to call for help, fearing that there might be another incident. In view of

the insatiable aggression of our powerful neighbors, our people will no longer be able to survive. When the people no longer exist, will the country’s generals ridicule them? Your Excellency does not pay attention to democracy and tolerates being the villain.

Indulging the military, disbanding students, and killing workers is clearly a violation of humanity. Anyone with a little common sense would never tolerate this.

Your Excellency is willing to go against the will of the public and blatantly ignore it, even if it means sacrificing the country, you will not show mercy. It is the pain caused by people all over the country

who are heartbroken and unanimously condemn it. Your Excellency, regardless of the national plan, acts rashly, is stupid and ignorant, and feels regret every time he thinks about it.

Now the whole country is united to save the nation. It is appropriate to take the blame and blame oneself in order to thank the people of the country. This should be followed by retiring oneself. If

the Republic of China is established, there will be almost no wars and wars will be inevitable. The crux of the matter can be solved in one sentence: it is just an ideological conflict between the monarchy and the Communist Party

. Your thoughts were first born out of Zhang Xun, and then imitated by Xiang Cheng. Those who are loyal to the Republic of China are regarded as enemies. Those who support the imperial system are cited as the same tune. The so-called wars since the Restoration were all caused by your Excellency's repeated mistakes, secret manipulation, and overt presiding. His thoughts are outmoded and he follows the new modern trends, which has the tendency to run counter to them. Husband Yide

With his strong will, William II's bravery, and his powerful power, compared with the three provinces of Liaodong, how big or small is it? Only relying on the new trend with their thoughts

was unable to recover after a setback. You should be aware of the general trend and go astray without being alert. If things happen again, the disaster will be even more unpredictable.

Both the body and the country are of no benefit. Observing the trends of the world, there are three reasons why it is appropriate to retreat. To sum up the above three aspects, I feel that you have too much contempt for the foundation of the founding of the Republic of China. How can the national economy and people's livelihood be benefited? But for your future plan, the white mountains and black waters are the hometown of the old rule. The fierce general Xiqu has many people who know the time. If we can act in the spirit of civilian politics and resolutely return the political power of the three provinces to the people, we will live in the countryside and be content in our later years. Compared with mere competition for morale,

which goes against the sentiments of the people, and competition that lasts longer than a short period of time, the gains and losses will be ridiculous? In order to cherish the country, cherish the people of the three provinces, and cherish your Excellency and the talents around you, I would like to pay tribute to you and pray for your inspection. Feng Yuxiang. have. ”