In fact, stock trading is a very profound knowledge. If you really want to be in an invincible position in the China stock market with poor market environment and get ideal profits, you must pay a considerable price and study hard on relevant knowledge. Only with systematic and professional knowledge can you have a "sword" that can destroy iron like mud, and you can wield it freely in the face of the ever-changing market.
What knowledge do you need for stock trading?
First, financial knowledge.
Finance is the basic knowledge you must have to invest in stocks. Understanding corporate finance, especially registered accounting, allows investors to identify the current situation, prospects and authenticity of corporate profits through the public financial statements of enterprises: to a certain extent, by comparing the relevant data of income statement, cash flow statement and balance sheet, it will be found whether the enterprise has made false accounts; Understand the management ability and improvement degree of the enterprise by analyzing the changes of financial, management and operating expenses; Through the analysis of sales price, sales revenue, sales cost and gross profit margin, we can find the business environment and development trend of the enterprise. By analyzing the level and structure of assets and liabilities of an enterprise, we can know whether the enterprise has the ability of sustainable operation and the existing operational risks. Due to the differences in financial systems between different industries and even different enterprises in the same industry, we can see the real performance that book profits can't reflect, we will find their hidden profits or losses, and it is easy to find big investment opportunities. .....
The above are just a few aspects of the importance of financial knowledge in investment, which can let us see the real situation and future development potential of an enterprise. Comprehensive financial knowledge makes it easier for investors to find neglected "pearls" and get higher returns than ordinary investors.
Second, political knowledge.
Human beings are a socialized group. With the continuous development of social civilization, the cooperation between people is further strengthened, and the behavior of individuals is more obviously constrained by the whole society. The risk of stock investment is the same. In addition to individual stock risk, there are systemic risks in the market. Individual stock risks can be prevented by professional knowledge, and systemic risks can only be avoided by social knowledge and political insight.
Especially in China stock market, which has a low degree of marketization and has been constrained by policies, insight into the overall situation can enable investors to avoid the darkest decline and seize the brightest rise. For example, the recent stock market is a very obvious policy-led decline. Why is it a policy-led decline? It is necessary to deepen our understanding of the recent macro-environment of China stock market. As a matter of fact, the collapse of South China, Minfa and Delong has made the government realize that a big financial crisis is brewing in the China stock market with a high bubble, and the government is the last to pay for the collapse of these brokers. In order to change the trend of this vicious circle, the most effective and radical way is to let the stock market return to a reasonable value period and form a truly healthy and perfect market. Therefore, the government acquiesced and even took measures to accelerate the decline of the A-share market. If you have keen political insight, you can realize the decline of the stock market in advance, avoid systemic risks in time and reduce investment losses.
At the same time, social and political knowledge can also improve the ability to distinguish economic cycles and industry development prospects. The great policy orientation has a great influence on the economic cycle and the development prospect of the industry, which restricts the development of enterprises. Therefore, it is particularly important for enterprises with cyclical fluctuations in investment to strengthen their understanding of the macro field.
Third, the cognitive ability of entrepreneurs.
Choosing an enterprise with good development prospect and excellent management ability is the key to successful investment. How to find such a business? This requires investors to have the strategic vision of entrepreneurs. When an excellent entrepreneur successfully invests in an industry or an enterprise, he will consider the environment, prospects, opportunities and risks of the enterprise, and will also be inspired to perceive and make decisions.
There is a saying in Zhu Gekongming that "Man proposes, God disposes", and we can make subjective efforts to benefit others. When investors analyze and understand many stocks, the most important thing is to make decisions Whether they can recognize and make decisions like a successful entrepreneur is related to the success of investment and the size of results.
Fourth, stock technical knowledge.
In fact, the technical trend of the stock is straightforward, that is, the familiarity with the stock trend in the process of speculation, whether it is various K-lines or indicators, is a tool to deepen this familiarity and understanding. Some people want to make money by discovering the law of stock ups and downs through technical graphics, but the probability of success and failure in this way is likely to be 50%, just like two sides of a coin. Many people have this experience. At the beginning of the bull market, technical graphics have certain reference value. When the market peaks or bears, technical graphics become a tool for institutional arbitrage, which shows that technical graphics are often manipulated by people, and investors can't draw correct conclusions most of the time.
However, technical graphics are not without merit. Since it is a tool familiar with stock speculation, if it is combined with fundamentals, it can be reasonably explained from the essence and phenomenon, and the familiarity of speculation can be deepened. Sometimes "experience" is very valuable.
After reading the above knowledge, many investors may feel that it is too difficult to stock, and few people are suitable for stock trading. Hehe, before the China stock market was fully standardized, there were really few people who were suitable for stock trading. It is a very strong proof that the number of people making money in the stock market is less than 10%.
Of course, investors can also make their own investment strategies according to their existing knowledge. If you know financial knowledge, you can choose stocks with good assets, good development prospects and low value to hold in the middle line; If you understand politics and have a good grasp of the macro, the top and bottom of the market, you should abandon the concept of long-term shareholding and only do rising prices; If you have the strategic vision of an entrepreneur, you can choose a suitable enterprise for long-term investment; If the technology is comprehensive, then do the initial stage of the rising market and chase the strong stocks that have just started; If you are a generalist, aim at maximizing profits ... choose stocks.
The process of stock investment analysis is divided into eight steps. In the analysis summary column, the analysis is synthesized to form a more comprehensive analysis result. The following are the main contents of the "eight-step stock viewing model":
1. Advantage analysis: What does the company do? Is there a brand advantage? Is there a monopoly advantage? Is it an index stock?
2. Industry analysis: What is the industry prospect? What is its position in this industry?
3. Financial analysis: What is the profitability? What is the growth momentum? Is the product profitable? Can the product be exchanged for real money? Is the guarantee ratio high? Do major shareholders owe much?
4. Return analysis: Is the company's return to shareholders high? More money or more dividends? Is there a good dividend plan in the near future?
5. Main force analysis: Does the organization increase or decrease positions? Are the chips more concentrated or scattered? What is the ups and downs? What's the big deal?
6. Valuation analysis: Is the current stock price overvalued or undervalued?
7. Technical analysis: How has the unit performed recently? Where are the support and resistance levels?
8. Analysis summary: What is the analysis result? What are the variables?
Basic terms of stock trading
Bull market: There are more buyers than sellers in the stock market. A bullish stock market is called a bull market.
Bear market: the antonym of bull market. There are more sellers than buyers in the stock market, and a bearish stock market is called a bear market.
Opening price: refers to the first transaction of securities on a stock exchange every business day, and the transaction price of the first transaction is the opening price of the day. According to the regulations of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, if there is no transaction within half an hour after the opening of the market, the opening price of the previous day is the opening price of that day. Sometimes, if a security has not been traded for several days, the stock exchange will put forward a guiding price according to the price trend of the securities entrusted by customers as the opening price after trading. The average price or average selling price on the first day of securities listing is the opening price.
Closing price: refers to the transaction price of the last transaction of a security before the end of trading activities in a stock exchange. If there is no transaction on that day, the latest transaction price is taken as the closing price, because the closing price is the standard of the current market and the basis of the opening price of the next trading day, which can be used to predict the future securities market; Therefore, when analyzing the market, investors generally take the closing price as the calculation basis.
Quote: It is the highest or lowest bid reported by traders for a security in a certain period of time in the securities market. Quotation represents the highest price that buyers and sellers are willing to pay. The buying price is the price at which the buyer is willing to buy a security, and the selling price is the price at which the seller is willing to sell. The order of quotation is customarily to quote first and then quote. In the stock exchange, there are four kinds of quotations: one is shouting, the other is gesturing, the third is filling in the declaration record form, and the fourth is inputting it into the computer display screen.
Leading stock: refers to the stock that has influence and appeal to other stocks in the same industry in a certain period of stock market speculation, and its ups and downs often play a guiding and exemplary role in the ups and downs of other stocks in the same industry. The leading stock is not static, and its position can only be maintained for a period of time.
Large-cap stocks and small-cap stocks: stocks with total tradable share capital exceeding 1 100 million are called large-cap stocks; 50 million to 1 100 million stocks are called the mid-market; Less than 50 million shares are called small-cap stocks. As far as the price-earnings ratio is concerned, the price-earnings ratio of small-cap stocks is higher than that of mid-cap stocks, and mid-cap stocks are higher than that of large-cap stocks. Especially when the market is weak, there are more opportunities for small-cap stocks. In the bull market, large-cap stocks and mid-cap stocks are more suitable for the entry and exit of large funds, so stocks with large plates are more optimistic. Because of its large circulation and great influence on the index, it often becomes a tool for the market to adjust the index. Investors should choose individual stocks. Generally, small-cap stocks should be selected in bear markets and large-cap stocks should be selected in bull markets.
Price limit: refers to the trading price of securities other than those on the first day of listing, which shall not exceed10% relative to the closing price of the previous trading day; Entrustment exceeding the price limit is invalid.
Long market: Long refers to investors who are optimistic about the stock market and expect the stock price to be bullish, so they buy the stock at a low price and sell it when the stock rises to a certain price to obtain the difference income. Generally speaking, people usually call the stock market whose share price keeps rising for a long time a bull market. The main feature of stock price changes in bull market is a series of ups and downs.
Shorting the market: Shorting means that investors and stockbrokers think that the current stock price is high, but they are pessimistic about the stock market prospect and expect the stock price to fall, so they sell the borrowed stock in time and buy it when the stock price falls to a certain price to obtain the difference income. This trading method of selling before buying and earning the difference from it is called short position. People usually refer to the stock market with a long-term downward trend as a short market, and the changes of stock prices in the short market are characterized by a series of sharp declines and small increases.
Washing dishes: Speculators cut the stock price sharply first, causing a large number of small investors (retail investors) to panic and sell their stocks, and then raise the stock price in order to take advantage of it.
Back file: in the stock market, the stock price keeps rising, and finally it reverses and falls back to a certain price because of the rapid rise of the stock price. This adjustment phenomenon is called back file. Generally speaking, the retracement of stocks is less than the increase, and usually it returns to the original upward trend when it falls back to about one-third of the previous increase.
Rebound: in the stock market, the stock price is in a downward trend, and the adjustment phenomenon that the stock price eventually reverses and rises to a certain price due to the rapid decline of the stock price is called rebound. Generally speaking, the rebound of stocks is less than the decline, usually when it rebounds to about one-third of the previous decline, it resumes its original downward trend.
Short selling: investors predict that the stock price will rise, but their own funds are limited, so they can't buy a lot of stocks. Therefore, they pay a part of the deposit first, buy stocks from banks through brokerage, and then sell them when the stock price rises to a certain price, so as to obtain the difference income.
Short selling: investors predict that the stock price will fall, so they pay mortgage loans to brokers and borrow shares to sell first. When the stock price falls to a certain price, buy the stock, and then return the borrowed stock to get the difference income.
Kill more: that is, the bull kills the bull. Investors in the stock market generally believe that the stock price will rise that day, because everyone will grab a long hat to buy stocks. But the stock market backfired, and the stock price did not rise sharply, so it was impossible to sell the stock at a high price. Until the end of the stock market, stock holders rushed to sell, which led to a sharp drop in the stock market closing price.
Short selling: short selling. Stock holders in the stock market agreed that the stock would plummet that day, so most people rushed to sell short hats to sell stocks. But the stock price didn't plummet that day, and they couldn't buy stocks at a low price. Before the stock market closed, short sellers had to compete to make up their positions, which led to a sharp rise in the closing price.
Lock-in: refers to the trading risks encountered in stock trading. For example, investors expect the stock price to rise, but the stock price has been falling after buying. This phenomenon is called long locking. On the contrary, investors expect the stock price to fall and short the borrowed stock, but the stock price has been rising. This phenomenon is called short selling.
Checkpoint: The stock market is affected by bullish information. When the stock price rises to a certain price, the bulls think it is profitable and sell it in large quantities, so that the stock price stops rising or even falls back. In the stock market, the price when encountering resistance is generally called a level, and the level when the stock price rises is called a resistance line.
Support line: The stock market is affected by bad news. When the stock price falls to a certain price, bears think it is profitable and buy a lot of stocks, so that the stock price will not fall or even rise. The checkpoint when the stock price falls is called the support line.