1.2 High-lift electric power pumping irrigation project Since the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to improve people's lives, develop and utilize water and soil resources on both sides of the Yellow River and promote national economic development, with the leadership and strong support of Gansu Provincial Party Committee and government, Gansu electric power pumping irrigation project has developed rapidly, with 7,273 electric power pumping irrigation projects completed successively, with an irrigation area of 3.765 million mu, accounting for 18% of the whole province. There are 40 large and medium-sized electric pump irrigation projects with an irrigation area of over 10,000 mu, with an irrigation area of 210.75 million mu, and 7,233 small electric pump irrigation projects with an irrigation area of 6,543.8+0.59 million mu. There are 40 large and medium-sized power pumping and irrigation projects, including 5 in 1950s, 8 in 1960s, 2/kloc-0 in 1970s and 6 in 1980s and 1990s. The total installed capacity is 2,073 units with a capacity of 860,000 kilowatts. There are 26 pumping stations with total lift exceeding 300m, with a maximum total lift of 892m and a maximum pumping stage of 20. * * * More than 650 pumping stations have been built, with more than 3,800 kilometers of main and branch canals, including more than 2,600 kilometers of lined canals. Actual electricity consumption in 2007 1, 453,230 kw? H. Gansu electric power irrigation projects are mainly distributed in Lanzhou, Baiyin, Tianshui, Linxia, Qingyang, Pingliang and other places in the Yellow River Basin. Loess ridges and valleys are developed in this area, with less rainfall, large evaporation, dry and windy climate, long sunshine time, large temperature difference between day and night and long frost-free period, which belongs to a typical temperate arid and semi-arid climate zone. The annual average precipitation is 270 ~ 549 mm, evaporation 1400 ~ 3000 mm, sunshine hours are 2 185 ~ 2366 h, and frost-free period is180 ~ 220 d. The main soils in the project area are dry-tilled calcareous soil, sand-tilled calcareous soil and fluvo-aquic soil, and irrigation and siltation. The construction and development of high-lift electric elevator has become an important production base of grain, vegetables and fruits in Gansu Province and an important pillar for the survival and development of the people in the province.
2. The role of electric irrigation project in agricultural and socio-economic development.
Gansu is an arid and water-deficient province. The average annual rainfall is 278mm, and the total amount of self-produced water resources is 28.9 billion m3, with per capita 1 100 m3, which is only 1/2 of the national average, and the per capita cultivated land is 378m3, which is about 1/4 of the national average. Gansu electric power pumping and irrigation project area is a typical agricultural area suitable for reclamation. Due to sparse vegetation, criss-crossing gullies, scarce rainfall, uneven distribution during the year, water resources are scarce. Although the Yellow River flows, the water is low and the land is high, and agricultural production is threatened by serious water shortage all the year round. The construction and development of electric power pumping irrigation project has made great contributions to the development and utilization of water and soil resources on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, completely changing the backward agricultural production conditions, poor living conditions and ecological environment in this area, and promoting the province's poverty alleviation and economic and social development.
2. 1 electric pump irrigation project is the most important infrastructure in rural areas. Most areas in central and eastern Gansu Province have harsh natural conditions and serious water shortage. The hilly area with high terrain has a large area of flat land, which is flat, fertile and sunny, suitable for irrigation and farming. However, there is a serious shortage of water resources in these areas, with deep groundwater, less precipitation and large evaporation. For a long time, the ecological environment has been seriously damaged and the land desertification is serious. Although these areas are close to the Yellow River, the water is low and the land is high, so near hydrolysis will never lead to "high" thirst, and human and animal survival and agricultural production are threatened by serious water shortage all the year round. Every completed high-lift electric pumping irrigation project has irrigated tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of mu of land and raised tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of people. Every drop of water delivered by the pumping and irrigation project is the water of life and survival. High-lift electric pumping irrigation project has become the lifeline of hundreds of millions of people and an important infrastructure for local agricultural and rural economic development.
2.2 Electric pumping irrigation project is an important guarantee to realize food security. The construction of electric power pumping irrigation project in Gansu Province has fundamentally changed the face of drought and poverty along the Yellow River and greatly promoted the development of local economy. At present, the province's electric pumping irrigation project has formed an irrigation area of 3.765 million mu, accounting for about 18% of the province's total irrigation area. After the completion of the pumping irrigation project, the grain output in this area increased from less than 100kg before water supply to more than 400kg, and the annual output of cash crops was about 1 100 million kg. The paddy field grain planting area of Baiyin City is14, and the total grain output is 3/4 every year. The total grain output of 10a is stable at over 500 million kg. The total grain output of Lanzhou electric power irrigation area accounts for more than 63% of the total grain output of the city, and the cash crops produced are close to 80% of the total grain output of the city. The construction of high-lift water-lifting project in Gansu Province has achieved regional self-sufficiency balance and ensured food security. The per capita net income of farmers has increased from 1970 in 80 yuan to 2 100 yuan at present, an increase of 26 times, which fundamentally changed the poverty and backwardness of farmers and played an important role in local agricultural production.
2.3 Electric irrigation project is an important support for rural economic growth. The construction of electric irrigation project in Gansu Province is determined by local natural, geographical, environmental and socio-economic conditions. In Gansu, a region with severe drought and water shortage, the electric power irrigation project has developed from irrigation at the beginning to a comprehensive water supply project to solve drinking water for people and livestock, improve the ecological environment, ensure the stability of people's lives and develop industrial and agricultural production. It is no longer a simple agricultural income, but has involved many aspects such as society, politics, economy, environment, culture, education and even people's lives. The development of agriculture has promoted the synchronous development of local ecological, industrial and commercial, aquaculture and other national economic industries. The development of electric power pumping irrigation project not only greatly improved agricultural production conditions and significantly enhanced the ability to resist natural disasters, but also benefited all sectors of society, such as industry, transportation, aquatic products, enterprises, environment, tourism and so on, which provided a basic guarantee for the healthy and rapid development of the national economy and had a far-reaching impact on the sustainable development of the local national economy and the overall construction of a well-off society. According to statistics, up to now, the people in Baiyin electric power irrigation area have more than 80,000 agricultural vehicles, more than 4,500 commercial outlets, and the number of township enterprises has increased from dozens to 723, with tens of thousands of employees.
2.4 Electric pumping irrigation project is an important means to maintain the ecological environment. The completion of the power pumping and irrigation project in Gansu has effectively improved the regional ecological environment, changed the harsh desert conditions, effectively prevented the desert from moving south, and brought vitality to the dry river. The relatively perfect canal paddy field forest road system in the project area constitutes a good artificial ecosystem, showing a new scene of "a field of fields, a vertical and horizontal canal network, accessible roads and lush trees", creating a beautiful and leisure living environment for the construction of local villages and small towns. The completion of electric pump irrigation project has played a great role in improving local agricultural production conditions, controlling soil erosion, preventing wind and fixing sand, maintaining ecological balance, improving ecological environment and resisting natural disasters. Jingdian Irrigation District is located in the southern edge of Tengger Desert, which is dry with little rain and windy sand. After the completion of the project, nearly one million mu of irrigation area is connected with the Three-North Shelterbelt, forming an oasis of 1000 square kilometers on the southern edge of Tengger Desert, which constitutes a green barrier on the southern edge of Tengger Desert, initially curbing the wind and sand hazards, effectively protecting the ecological environment and improving the microclimate of the irrigation area. According to the 42-year meteorological data, the annual average precipitation increased from 184mm to 20 1mm, increasing by16.6 mm; ; The relative humidity increased from 46% to 48%, the average wind speed decreased from 3.5m/s to 2.4m/s, the number of windy days above Grade 8 decreased from 29d to 14d, and the average evaporation for many years decreased from 3390mm to 2433mm, which obviously improved the regional microclimate.
2.5 Electric pump irrigation project is the main field of poverty alleviation. Due to good soil and water resources and superior agricultural production conditions, the electric pump irrigation area has become the only place for governments at all levels to help the poor, relocate people in poor mountainous areas and achieve prosperity. The Jingdian Project has resettled 400,000 immigrants from seven counties (banners) such as Jingtai, Gulang, Dongxiang, Yongjing, Huining, Tianzhu and Zuoqi in Gansu and Inner Mongolia. Most of the immigrants realized the cultivation, benefit and food and clothing of the year. With the completion of the project, social welfare undertakings have made great progress. There are 20 townships, 178 schools and 123 rural health centers (institutes) in the irrigation area. It used to be a barren mountain, but now it has become the center of political, economic and cultural exchanges in Jingtai County. At present, Baiyin Electric Power Irrigation District has resettled more than 6.5438+0.8 million migrants from arid and poor mountainous areas, basically achieving the goals of living and working in peace and contentment in that year, having enough food and clothing for two years and getting rich in three years. Because of its good production and living conditions, electric irrigation project has become the most important way to help the poor and solve the rural poor in this province.
3. The main problems existing in the power pumping and irrigation project
3. 1 The project has been in disrepair for a long time, and the equipment has been running with illness for a long time. Most of Gansu electric power pumping irrigation projects were built in 1960s and 1970s. Due to the restriction of economic and technical conditions at that time, the phenomenon of "trilateral" was common, with low design standards, poor construction quality and imperfect facilities. In addition, due to the long operation time, a considerable number of pumping stations, canal heads, main canals and branch canals and buildings have been washed, carbonized, cracked, subsided and built. The gate and opening and closing facilities are aging and disrepair, which makes it difficult to divert water from the channel, with low water delivery capacity and large leakage loss. Most of the power lifting engineering units and equipment are seriously aging, mostly obsolete products, which have been running for a long time with diseases, resulting in a continuous decline in irrigation efficiency, an increase in energy consumption, a decline in benefits, frequent failures and accidents, and an increase in management costs and operating costs, seriously affecting the healthy development of agriculture and rural economy in irrigation areas. For example, there are 15 1 motor, 15 1 pump and 280 gate valves in the power pumping project in Sanjiaocheng, Lanzhou, which have been in operation for more than 30 years, accounting for 63%, 74% and 82% respectively. At present, 47% of main canals, 8 1.4% of main canals and 70% of branch canals have potential safety hazards; 60% of pumping stations, 70% of aqueducts, 55% of culverts and tunnels, and 75% of inverted suction buildings are seriously ill.
3.2 The water price has been upside down for a long time, lacking hematopoietic function. Over the years, due to the social welfare of water conservancy projects and the low price of crops, most electric pump projects only charge some water fees symbolically, which is far from the cost charge. At the same time, in recent years, the power supply price of electric pump projects has risen sharply, further increasing the operating costs of management units. The water fee charged by a non-irrigation project does not even reach 20% of the cost water price. Because the water price is not in place for a long time, the water price is low, and it is difficult to collect water fees, which makes a considerable number of electric irrigation projects unable to collect water fees according to the water supply cost, and the irrigation area itself lacks hematopoietic function. According to statistics, the cost water price of the first phase project of Jingdian is 0.389 yuan /m3, and the actual implementation water price only accounts for 67.7% of the cost water price; The cost water price of Minqin water transfer is 0.430 yuan /m3, and the actual implementation water price only accounts for 51.1%of the cost water price; The average cost water price of Lanzhou high-lift electric pump irrigation project is 0.680 yuan /m3, while the actual water price is only 0.243 yuan /m3. On the one hand, low water price causes waste of water resources, on the other hand, it causes insufficient funds for project maintenance and reconstruction, which brings difficulties to the development and management of high-lift electric irrigation projects, seriously affects the rational utilization of water resources and the establishment of scientific and efficient management system and benign operation mechanism, and restricts the economic development and agricultural industrialization and large-scale operation of irrigation areas.
3.3 Maintenance investment is insufficient, and the pace of renovation is difficult. For a long time, the electric power pumping irrigation project has seriously insufficient investment in the transformation, expansion and development of new irrigation facilities in terms of capital and labor. From the completion of the irrigation area to the end of the 20th century, the state basically did not invest in the reconstruction and expansion of the electric power pumping irrigation project, coupled with local financial difficulties and lack of maintenance funds, which led to the slow pace of the reconstruction and expansion of the electric power pumping irrigation project, far behind the aging speed of the project. In recent years, in addition to the three large-scale irrigation areas of Jingdian Phase I, Baiyin Xingdian and Jinghui, three large-scale irrigation areas have been included in the scope of continuous construction and water-saving renovation of large-scale irrigation areas in China, and some renovation funds can still be obtained. However, most projects lack investment channels, which seriously restricts the benefit of irrigation areas and causes great waste of national fixed assets.
3.4 The power consumption of the project is limited, which affects efficiency. In recent years, some local power departments have adopted the policy of limiting the electricity consumption in 2005 and increasing the price beyond the base. Without increasing the water fee, the electricity consumption beyond the base increases, which increases the cost of water lifting and restricts the overall benefit of the project. According to the survey, the Baiyin Star Code Project paid 750,000 yuan in 2007, and it is expected to pay 6,543.8+0,000 yuan in 2008. The design annual electricity consumption of Jingdian Irrigation District is 828 million kW? H, and in 2005, due to rainfall and crop planting structure adjustment, the electricity consumption was 720 million kW? H. In 2006, the actual electricity consumption reached 750 million kW? H, based on the electricity consumption in 2005, paying a high electricity fee exceeding the base every year has caused a heavy economic burden to the management unit, resulting in the situation of no electricity and expensive electricity fee in the irrigation area, which directly affected the development of agricultural production in the irrigation area.
3.5 The contradiction between supply and demand is prominent, and the adjustment of planting structure is blocked. Because most of the high-lift electric irrigation projects in Gansu Province were launched to solve the problem of people's eating in the era of "grain as the key link", the configuration of its units and the design of water supply mode are basically determined according to the irrigation needs of grain crops mainly based on wheat, which has the characteristics of large units, large flow, concentrated operation period and long water cut-off period in winter. With the adjustment of agricultural structure and the continuous development of high-efficiency economic crops, the existing irrigation methods of high-lift electric pump irrigation projects have not adapted to the development of agricultural irrigation demand. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in irrigation area is prominent, which leads to "neck drought" in crop growth and development period, and the planting area of high yield, high quality and high efficiency crops shrinks, which seriously restricts the adjustment of industrial structure and rural economic development in irrigation area. Recently, it has brought many new problems to the multi-stage water lifting project, and also brought new problems to the adjustment and configuration of the upgraded unit.
3.6 The implementation of the reform plan is difficult and the operating mechanism is rigid. In recent years, although according to the relevant policy spirit of the national and provincial water conservancy project management system reform, most of the power pumping and irrigation project management units have been characterized as quasi-public welfare institutions, it has been difficult to implement the water pipe system reform plan because of the difficulty in implementing public welfare personnel funds and public welfare maintenance funds. At present, many power pumping and irrigation projects in Gansu still follow the management system under the planned economy and establish management institutions according to the model of administrative organs. In addition, the reform of management system and operation mechanism of water management units is still in the primary stage, and the problems such as unsatisfactory management system, ineffective mechanism and unclear rights and responsibilities of electric power pumping and irrigation projects have not been fundamentally solved. The internal organization of the management unit is bloated, the staff is overstaffed, the quality of personnel is declining, and there is no effective incentive and restraint mechanism, which leads to the lag of management and low operation efficiency in most irrigation areas.
4 Future countermeasures
4. 1 Understand the situation clearly, raise awareness and establish development ideas. Electric irrigation project is the focus and bright spot of rural economic development in the central and eastern regions of Gansu Province, and it is the foundation of agricultural production and rural economic development, and plays an important role in the whole national economic and social development. With the increase of service life, the aging degree of the project is getting bigger and bigger, and new problems are constantly emerging. How to solve the survival and development problems of high-lift electric power pumping and irrigation projects and make these life projects continue to provide support and services for the rural economic development of the whole province has become an important and urgent problem that we must face and seriously study. Based on reality, we should scientifically and reasonably establish development ideas and ways. Strengthen and transform channels and construction projects through comprehensive planning and multi-party financing; Update of main pump and electrical equipment; Automation and information system construction; Innovation of management system and operation mechanism and reform of water fee collection management: comprehensive technical transformation measures such as construction and improvement of ecological environment will completely solve the problems such as aging of main engine units and electrical equipment, functional decline of dangerous houses, mismatch between pumping stations and stages, unreasonable layout of pressure pipes and so on. , improve the operation safety factor and equipment integrity rate of pumping station project, greatly improve the efficiency of pumping station equipment and reduce energy consumption, implement the whole process of informatization and automation management, and finally realize the goal of low consumption, high efficiency, safe operation and scientific management of pumping station project, and realize the unity of economic, social and environmental benefits. Provide basic guarantee for ensuring water safety and food safety, and promote sustainable economic and social development.
4.2 Overall planning, overall consideration, to ensure the maximization of transformation benefits. Scientific planning is an important premise and basic foundation for the project to give full play to its benefits. According to the characteristics of different projects, on the basis of extensive investigation, the internal and external factors that restrict the development of the project are deeply studied, the adjustment of crop planting structure and the development trend of high-efficiency cash crops in irrigation areas are fully considered, the carrying capacity of water resources and land resources is coordinated, the relationship between the project's own development and ecological construction, the relationship between urban construction and rural economic development is correctly handled, and energy-saving electromechanical products are vigorously popularized and used to effectively reduce energy consumption and operating costs and improve the operating efficiency of the unit. In accordance with the principle of "based on reality, long-term planning, overall consideration, tackling both the symptoms and root causes, and comprehensive management", scientifically plan the future of electric power pumping and irrigation projects, rationally formulate transformation and long-term development plans, enhance the scientificity, authority and operability of planning, ensure the maximum comprehensive benefits of limited water resources, and guarantee, support and promote the sustainable development of economy and society.
4.3 Focus on the overall situation, highlight key points, and comprehensively start the implementation of the renovation of pumping stations. Most of the high-lift electric pump projects in Gansu Province are the products of pumping stations built by thousands of troops in the 1960s and 1970s to meet the needs of local drought and no rain, and the miscellaneous equipment was pieced together according to the equipment layout in a specific historical period. After years of operation, the pumping station is naturally aging, the original planning and design are not reasonable, and the natural conditions have changed. Due to long-term lack of investment, congenital deficiency and acquired imbalance. Many pumping stations have reached an unsustainable situation, and the transformation of pumping stations is imminent. Governments at all levels should not only pay attention to the hardware level of technical transformation, but also pay attention to strengthening the software level of management, highlight key points and take responsibility at all levels to comprehensively start the implementation of the pump station reconstruction project.
4.4 Multi-party financing, increase investment and establish stable investment channels. The electric power irrigation project is a quasi-public welfare project, which serves "agriculture, countryside and farmers", and its renovation funds should be mainly borne by financial funds at all levels. The central government and local governments at all levels should establish a stable financial input guarantee mechanism, set up special reconstruction funds, and gradually increase investment. At the same time, actively guide other agricultural water conservancy funds such as water conservancy construction funds, drought relief funds, state-owned land transfer funds, cultivated land occupation compensation funds, and poverty alleviation and development funds for the reconstruction and construction of electric irrigation projects; Encourage beneficiary towns, rural collectives and farmers to participate in project reconstruction and construction in the form of investment and labor services. Make full use of flexible investment and financing policies, innovate the market financing mechanism, co-ordinate the investment funds of various departments and channels, establish a diversified and multi-level investment guarantee mechanism led by government investment in the way of "making good use of superiors, helping themselves, nurturing society and attracting foreign investment", and effectively accelerate the pace of upgrading the high-lift electric power pumping and irrigation project.
4.5 Integrating policies, stabilizing electricity price and establishing water price compensation mechanism are the main restrictive factors of water price composition of high-lift electric power pumping and irrigation projects. According to the calculation, the high-lift electric pumping and irrigation project needs to consume 1.5kW per pumping 1m3 of water. H or above, that is, for every 0.0 1 yuan increase in electricity price, the water supply cost will increase by 1.5 points. The fluctuation of water price is directly related to the cost of water use, the vital interests of farmers and the stable development of irrigation economy. Therefore, in order to reverse the vicious circle of rising electricity price and farmers abandoning irrigation, and create a stable water market for farmers, rural areas and agriculture. It is suggested that the state introduce relevant protection policies: first, stabilize the current agricultural irrigation electricity price; Second, the "base" of agricultural irrigation and drainage electricity consumption should be controlled according to the irrigation area approved by the state, province and city and the total electricity consumption converted from water consumption, and the annual total control should be implemented. At the same time, due to the high lift and high pumping cost of the high-lift electric pumping irrigation project, the current water price is far from the irrigation cost, and the management unit can't operate because it doesn't charge the water fee according to the cost, which the people can't afford. It is suggested that the national policy of agricultural water use should be approved according to the principle of compensation cost, and the water price compensation mechanism of high-lift electric pumping irrigation project should be established as soon as possible, and the local government should subsidize the water price difference.
4.6 Deepen the reform, innovate the system and improve the management level. Focus on implementing the relevant policy spirit of national and provincial water conservancy project management system reform, speed up the reform of water management units of electric power pumping and irrigation projects, and establish a management system and a benign operation mechanism with clear functions, clear rights and responsibilities, scientific management and standardized operation as soon as possible. First, actively implement the water pipe system reform plan, and suggest that the provincial, municipal and county governments give priority to solving the problem of "two fees" for water pipe units of high-lift electric power pumping and irrigation projects, and incorporate them into the government's annual budget to fundamentally solve the basic survival and development problems of water pipe units; The second is to further clarify the project property rights, straighten out the relationship between the government, irrigation areas and farmers, clarify the responsibilities, rights and obligations of all parties, standardize the management system, and strengthen democratic supervision; Third, actively promote water users' participation in irrigation management, encourage farmers to establish various forms of agricultural water cooperation organizations such as water users' associations, and let farmers participate in project construction management extensively; The fourth is to reduce staff and increase efficiency, and actively promote the separation of project management and maintenance. According to "Standards for the Establishment of Posts and Quotas for Management Units of Water Conservancy Projects", we will promote the allocation of quota for management units of irrigation areas, streamline management institutions, improve maintenance level and reduce operating costs; Fifth, in accordance with the Measures for the Administration of Water Supply Price of Water Conservancy Projects, establish a reasonable irrigation water price formation mechanism, implement the terminal water price system, reduce the lifting fee, create conditions to gradually implement metering and charging, and implement excessive progressive price increase; Sixth, make use of the existing water supply capacity of the project, expand the scope of water supply, increase small water storage facilities, solve the problem of long irrigation period of the project, and solve the contradiction that crops can not be irrigated in time and in moderation. Make full use of our own advantages, actively develop comprehensive management, enhance self-maintenance and self-development capabilities, and realize a virtuous circle as soon as possible.
For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd