Chinese name: anhydrous copper sulfate
Molecular formula: CuSO4
Molecular weight: 159.60
Nature:
Anhydrous copper sulfate is white or grayish white powder. The solution is acidic and the dust is very pungent. Soluble in water and dilute ethanol, but insoluble in anhydrous ethanol. It is easy to deliquesce in humid air and has strong hygroscopicity. Black copper oxide is formed at high temperature.
Use:
Anhydrous copper sulfate (white powder of gallstones after heating and dehydration, chemical formula CuSO4.5H2O, which turns blue when it meets water) is usually used in experiments to prove the existence of water. Anhydrous copper sulfate is an important raw material for preparing other copper salts in chemical industry. Mainly used as raw materials, desiccants and catalysts for antifouling paints on ship bottoms.
Precautions for storage and transportation Anhydrous copper sulfate is stored in a dry warehouse. Storage and transportation should be rain-proof and moisture-proof, and should not be mixed with food, seeds and feed. When handling, handle with care to prevent the package from being damaged. Workers should wear masks to prevent inhalation.
Anhydrous copper sulfate is also used to prepare Bordeaux mixture (a pesticide that mainly kills pests by the toxicity of copper ions). Cu(OH)2 produced in CuSO4+Ca(OH)2 (small amount) =Cu(OH)2 (precipitation) +CaSO4 is mainly used for precipitation to form a suspension, which makes pesticides easily adsorbed on leaves and achieves the purpose of lasting efficacy.
The blue crystal of copper sulfate pentahydrate can be obtained by concentrating and crystallizing the copper sulfate solution, and the relative density is 2.284. Copper sulfate pentahydrate is very stable at normal temperature and pressure, does not deliquesce, and gradually weathers in dry air. When heated to 45℃, two molecules of crystal water are lost, four molecules of crystal water are lost at 1 10℃, and all crystal water is lost at 150℃, forming anhydrous gypsum. Anhydrous substances also absorb water easily and become copper sulfate pentahydrate. This characteristic is often used to test whether some liquid organic substances contain trace moisture. Copper sulfate pentahydrate can be decomposed into black copper oxide, sulfur dioxide and oxygen when heated to 650℃.
Chalcanthite is a kind of natural hydrated copper sulfate, which is a widely distributed sulfate mineral. It is a secondary mineral formed by the decomposition of copper sulfide by oxygen. Bile alum is produced in the oxidation zone of copper deposits, often appearing on the inner wall of mine roadway and pillar, and is crystallized from water in mine. The crystals of sulfuric acid are plate-like or short-columnar, and when they are gathered together, they are granular, massive, fibrous, stalactite, shell-like and so on. They have a beautiful blue color, but if exposed to dry air, they will become opaque light green and white powder due to the loss of water. At the same time, choleric alum is easily soluble in water. Bile alum is a chemical raw material for pigments, batteries, pesticides and wood preservation.
Pretreatment of feed-grade sandy copper sulfate pentahydrate not only has the function of copper sulfate, but also has less dust during use, which greatly reduces environmental pollution and irritation to workers' skin and respiratory tract. At the same time, the addition of copper in the premix can be ensured. Good fluidity and mixing uniformity in the production process; At the same time, it is not easy to agglomerate. In the production process of this product, there is no physical and chemical change caused by contact with other substances because no carrier is added. Due to the small contact area with nutrients such as vitamins and amino acids in premixed feed and feed, the damage to the above nutrients is reduced. Because this product is sandy and has a small contact area with air, it can reduce the oxidation of copper ions, thus improving its titer. The content of free acid is low. The number of each group of copper ions, sulfate ions and crystal water molecules in copper sulfate crystals is 1: 10, which is blue. Under the condition of heating, all the crystal water will be lost and the copper sulfate crystal will turn white.
Copper sulfate is one of the most important copper salts, which is widely used in electroplating, printing and dyeing, pigments, pesticides and other fields. Bordeaux mixture, an inorganic pesticide, is a mixture of copper sulfate and lime milk. It is a good bactericide, which can be used to control diseases of many crops. In 1878, Bordeaux, France, most of the vines died of diseases, but the trees on both sides of the road were coated with quicklime and copper sulfate solution for fear of being picked by pedestrians, and the trunks turned white, so pedestrians were afraid to pick them, but these trees did not die. After further study, they realized that this mixed solution had bactericidal ability, so it was named Bordeaux solution. When preparing Bordeaux mixture, the ratio of copper sulfate to quicklime (preferably massive fresh lime) is generally1:1or1:2, and the water consumption is also determined by different crops, diseases and seasonal temperatures. It is best to use the "two-liquid method" when preparing, that is, first mix copper sulfate and quicklime with half the required amount of water, and then pour it into another container at the same time, and constantly stir to get the sky-blue colloidal liquid. Now use Bordeaux mixture, because if it is left for too long, the colloidal particles will gradually become bigger and sink, reducing the efficacy. Copper sulfate is also commonly used to prepare other copper compounds and electrolytes in electrolytic refining of copper. Copper sulfate pentahydrate can be prepared by reacting copper oxide with sulfuric acid or copper with concentrated sulfuric acid, and then concentrating and crystallizing. Anhydrous copper sulfate can be prepared by oxidizing metallic copper with concentrated sulfuric acid in the laboratory.
Indicator name
Copper sulfate content (calculated by CuSO4 5H2O)% ≥ 98.5.
Copper sulfate content (calculated by Cu2+)% ≥ 25
Pb% ≤ 0.00 1
AS% ≤ 0.0005
Fineness 30-80